Cola nitida (Cola-kernels) : Cola nitida (Cola-kernels)
Catha edulis (Arabian tea - leaves, buds) : Catha edulis (Arabian tea - leaves, buds)
UNDERUTILIZED CROPS : UNDERUTILIZED CROPS Fodder and fuel
Albizia,
Calliandra
Slide 4 : Pterocarpus
Sesbania,
Leucaena,
Vigna.
Prosopis,
Species of Acacia
Prosopis : Prosopis
Moringa…Drumstick : Moringa…Drumstick
Slide 7 : Quercus
Ficus,
Zizyphus
Anogeissus : Anogeissus
AGROFORESTERY : AGROFORESTERY Symbiosis of
tree growing,
crop production and
livestock raising
Where each component is beneficial to each other.
Sustainable land-use : Sustainable land-use Agroforestry is very sustainable land-use system
Maintains or increases total yields by combining food crops (annuals) with tree crops (perennials) and /or livestock
Suits the social and cultural characteristics of the local people and the economic and ecological conditions of the area
What % of Forest Covers India ? : What % of Forest Covers India ? 19.39% of the total geographical area of the country.
Forests cover of India = 637293 sq km
Forest Cover : Forest Cover 7.76% forest cover is in the form of open forests
1.58% is scrub forests
According to National Forest Policy,1988
One–third (33.33%) of the land area should be under the forest cover for sound ecological balance
Agroforestry System A classification : Agroforestry System A classification Taungya system
Farm and grove system
Tree planning among agricultural crops.
Livestock in agroforestry
Home garden system
Alley cropping
Fishing based tree/fruit crops/vegetable production system
Aquaculture in mangrove swallows
Shifting cultivation system
Taungya System: What is it? : Taungya System: What is it? Shifting cultivation in hills.
Farmer are temporarily allotted government land and contracted to plant specific tree species.
While the trees are young and before the canopy closes the farmers are allowed to plant food and cash crops for their own benefit while maintaining the tree : While the trees are young and before the canopy closes the farmers are allowed to plant food and cash crops for their own benefit while maintaining the tree
Bark : Bark
What is Farm & Grove System ? : What is Farm & Grove System ? Farms are interspersed with groves of trees
(common in Philippines).
System helps to prevent soil erosion of the sloppy lands.
Tree planning Among agricultural crops : Tree planning Among agricultural crops Croping system involving coconut, areca nut, coffee, cinnamon etc.
Widely practiced in Kerala & Andamans Islands.
Eucalyptus is planted in agriculture fields over a large area in North India.
Livestock in Agroforestry : Livestock in Agroforestry A large number of goats and sheep can be reared under coconut based or areca nut based plantations.
In high rainfall sloppy area goat excreta acts as a very good slow releasing fertilizer.
Livestock : Livestock In many house hold areas near the forest poultry birds are freely released.
Since they are growing under free range condition practically no expenditure is involved for their feed, on the other hand they supply protein to the family members.
Slide 21 : Bee-keeping
and
Sericulture
Widely practiced in the forest area. Livestock
Slide 22 : Nowadays ….
Mangrove forest area is utilized for prawn cultivation Livestock This presentation is brought to you by ….. Bisbio.in
Mangrove forest based aquaculture system : Mangrove forest based aquaculture system Most important roles of the mangrove is its detritus in the form of litter which is nutritive as such and also provides breeding and nursery ground for the juveniles of may types of fishes, crustaceans.
Since mangrove mud is mostly acidic due to presence of pyritic material, fish pond is abandoned after a few years
Slide 24 : Mangroves
Useful Sources of Genes for Salinity Tolerance
Slide 25 : Facing the Challenge of Sea level Rise
Slide 26 : Non-lodging , greater absorption of sun light, better root system, higher harvest index and photo-insensitivity New Plant Type in Rice
Alley Cropping ? : Alley Cropping ? Planting of fast growing hedge rows closely spaced (20 cm or less) between rows of food crops.
Slide 28 : When planted as hedge rows of agricultural crops, some tree species reduce soil erosion and improve soil fertility for the other crops .
When planted on slopes, alley crops slow down run off rain water and trap sediments, which can form natural terraces after some years.
Fishing based tree/fruit crops/vegetable production system : Fishing based tree/fruit crops/vegetable production system Traditionally followed in villages particularly, the eastern coastal belt of India.
In coastal area most of the farmers have a small pond near the homesteads for storage of rainwater as a source of fresh water mainly for domestic use and fisheries.
The farmers grow vegetables like okra, tomato, chili, egg plant, spinach, beet, beans etc. along the embankment of the ponds as the first row, fruit crops like papaya, banana, guava etc. as second row and a third row of Eucalyptus as it is a very fast growing tree for fuel wood
Jhum Shifting Cultivation System : Jhum Shifting Cultivation System Consists of clearing of forests,
Ssetting fire to the felled material
Afterwards raising a mixed crop- 8-15 times for one or more years,
Followed by a fallow period.
Jhum …Shifting Cultivation System : Jhum …Shifting Cultivation System This cycle is repeated at the end of the fallow period.
The land is abandoned after a few years when crops can no longer grow due to loss of top fertile soil and nutrients.
Fire is always used to burn the cut jungle when most of the soil organic matter and micro-organisms get lost.
Substitute to food ? Single Cell Proteins and Mycoproteins : Substitute to food ? Single Cell Proteins and Mycoproteins A protein extracted from cultured algae, yeasts, or bacteria
Used as a substitute for protein-rich foods, especially in animal feeds.
Microorganisms are allowed to grow on waste products from agro based industries
Produce a large amount of proteins and store them in their cell bodies.
Organisms are called as single cell proteins.
Production of SCP and Mycoproteins : Production of SCP and Mycoproteins
Hit at … http://bisbio.inorCall bisbio.in at 09814016083, 09855516083oremail … bisbioin@gmail.com or amanbiswas60@gmail.com : Hit at … http://bisbio.inorCall bisbio.in at 09814016083, 09855516083oremail … bisbioin@gmail.com or amanbiswas60@gmail.com For
Biology Problems
UGC/CSIR NET Life Sciences
PMT
SAT
Advance Program
Civil Services
Entrance to Biotechnology and Post graduate Sciences
Slide 37 : The End This presentation is brought to you by ….. Bisbio.in The pictures projected on this free session belong to the beholder on the internet. We thank them Many a thanks to
Dr S Biswas
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