Chemistry : Chemistry Basic concepts
How to define chemistry or what is chemistry : How to define chemistry or what is chemistry The science that systematically studies the composition,properties and activity of organic ,inorganic substances and various elementary forms of matter
or
A simple definition is;THE STUDY OF MATTER,IT’S PROPERTIES AND INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER MATTER AND WITH ENERGY SCIENTIFICALLY.
Objectives : Objectives DEFINE CHEMISTRY
EXISTENCE OF MATTER IN THE UNIVERSE
WHAT IS MATTER
MICRO AND MACRO WORLD OF SCIENCE
WHAT IS AN ATOM
THE STATES OF MATTER
PHASES OF MATTER
DIFFERENCE B/N CHEMICAL CHANGE VS PHYSICAL CHANGE
KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER You will be able to
EXISTENCE OF MATTER : EXISTENCE OF MATTER As chemistry is the study of matter and the changes that take place within that matter.
Now you will ask why that matters? IT JUST DOES A LOT.
Everything on earth, in our galaxy, in our solar system and in the universe is made up of matter.go and take a look : Everything on earth, in our galaxy, in our solar system and in the universe is made up of matter.go and take a look
Matter is the name of every stuff around you, that you can touch or see or feel or smell. Matter is that which occupies the space has a mass made up of atoms and molecules and ions usually found in all universe found in few forms only also related to electromagnetic radiation and light too. : Matter is the name of every stuff around you, that you can touch or see or feel or smell. Matter is that which occupies the space has a mass made up of atoms and molecules and ions usually found in all universe found in few forms only also related to electromagnetic radiation and light too.
What is an atom : What is an atom Atoms are the building blocks of matter or any element or a compound.
It has subatomic particles; protons, neutrons and electrons.
Micro and macro world of matter : Micro and macro world of matter Any change when take place at the atomic level known as micro, the world of atoms and subatomic particles;
Macro world is that in which we live and observe these changes for providing an evidence.
For this we can take an example
What is a chemical : What is a chemical As the chemistry is the study of matter and
Anything made up of matter is a chemical. any pure substance or any mixture is a chemical. for example-pure water is a pure for a common man, but for a chemist it is a chemical.because it is made up of 2 hydrgen and one oxygen atom .
chemical can be broken down into components, as it is true with your computer.
However, people generally use the term to refer a substance that appears homogenous or the same throughout its structure. H H O Water molecule
States of matter : States of matter There are five main states of matter. Solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, and Bose-Einstein condensates are all different states of matter. Each of these states is also known as a phase. Elements and compounds can move from one phase to another phase when special physical forces are present. One example of those forces is temperature. The phase or state of matter can change when the temperature changes. Generally, as the temperature rises, matter moves to a more active state.
Phase of matter : Phase of matter Phase describes a physical state of matter. The key word to notice is physical. Things only move from one phase to another by physical means. If energy is added (like increasing the temperature or increasing pressure) or if energy is taken away (like freezing something or decreasing pressure) you have created a physical change.
Slide 12 : One compound or element can move from phase to phase, but still be the same substance. You can see water vapor over a boiling pot of water. That vapor (or gas) can condense and become a drop of water. If you put that drop in the freezer, it would become a solid. No matter what phase it was in, it was always water. It always had the same chemical properties. On the other hand, a chemical change would change the way the water acted, eventually making it not water, but something completely new.
Slide 13 : The first four have been around a long time. The scientists who worked with the Bose-Einstein condensate received a Nobel Prize for their work in 1995. But what makes a state of matter? It's about the physical state of molecules and atoms.
CHEMICAL vs. PHYSICAL CHANGES : CHEMICAL vs. PHYSICAL CHANGES it is important to understand the difference between chemical and physical changes. The two types are based on studying chemical reactions and states of matter. We admit that some changes are obvious, but there are some basic ideas you can use. Physical changes are about energy and states of matter. Chemical changes happen on a molecular level. When you step on a can and crush it, you have forced a physical change. The shape of the object has changed. It wasn't a change in the state of matter, but something changed. When you melt an ice cube you have also forced a physical change (adding energy). That example caused a change in the state of matter. You can cause physical changes with forces like motion, temperature, and pressure
Slide 15 : Melting a sugar cube is a physical change because the substance is still sugar. Burning a sugar cube is a chemical change. The energy of the fire has broken down the chemical bonds. Some changes are extremely small. Chemical changes can happen over a series of steps, and the result might have the same number of atoms but have a different structure.
Comparision b/n different states of matter : These are really different forms of matter. Plasmas are gases of electrically charged particles, with equal amounts of both positive and negative charge. They behave a lot differently from ordinary gases because the electrical forces between the particles are strong, all the time. In a normal gas, the forces between the atoms or molecules are usually very weak, except when they occasionally collide. A Bose-Einstein condensate (such as superfluid liquid helium) forms for reasons that only can be explained by quantum mechanics. There’s a specific lowest energy state for the particles- say helium atoms. When the atoms become very cold, many of them go into that specific state. The behavior is a lot different from that of an ordinary fluid, in which there are plenty of different states for different particles. Only certain types of particles, called bosons, can form Bose-Einstein condensates. The other type of particle- Fermions- can only have at most one particle in each state. Plasmas tend to form at high temperature, since electrons then come off atoms leaving charged ions. Bose condensates form at low temperature, since at high temperatures more states are available to the atoms. Comparision b/n different states of matter