Slide 1 : PROF. ARDAMAN SIDHU
HKSIS
PRESENTS
LECTURES IN PHYSICS
In collaboration with
Wiziq.com
WONDERFUL WORLD OF PHYSICS L2/AS 3rd,June,Wed : WONDERFUL WORLD OF PHYSICS L2/AS 3rd,June,Wed
WODERFUL WORLD OF PHYSICS : WODERFUL WORLD OF PHYSICS NATURE HAS ALWAYS FACINATED HUMANS
Slide 4 : WHY PLANETS REVOLVE ? WHY ECLIPSE OCCURS
Slide 5 : HOW RAINBOW IS FORMED WHY SKY IS RED AT SUNRISE OR SUNSET THESE PHENOMENA ARE A SOURCE OF WONDER
Slide 6 : The enquiring and imaginative human mind has responded to the wonder and awe of nature in different ways.
One kind of response from the earliest times has been to observe the physical environment carefully, look for
any meaningful patterns and relations in natural phenomena , and build and use new tools to interact with nature.
Slide 9 : (1)Systematic observations,
(2) Controlled experiments
(3) Qualitative and quantitative reasoning
(4)mathematical modeling, prediction and verification.
Slide 10 : Physics is a basic discipline in the category of Natural Sciences. The word physics comes from a Greek word meaning nature.
Its Sanskrit equivalent is Bhautiki that is used to refer to the study of the physical world.
Physics is a study of the basic laws of nature and their manifestation in different natural phenomena.
Slide 11 :
Slide 13 : Mechanics
Founded on Newton’s laws of motion and the law of gravitation is concerned with the motion for equilibrium of particles, rigid and deformable bodies, and general systems of particles. The propulsion of a rocket by a jet of ejecting gases.
Slide 14 : Electrodynamics deals with electric and magnetic phenomena associated with charged and magnetic bodies.
Its basic laws were given by Coulomb, Oersted, Ampere and Faraday, and encapsulated by Maxwell in his famous set of equations.
The motion of a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field, the response of a circuit to an ac voltage (signal), the working of an antenna, the propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere, etc., are
problems of electrodynamics.
Slide 15 : Optics deals with the phenomena involving light.
The working of telescopes, microscopes and optical fibres form part of ray optics.
Colours exhibited by thin films,interference,diffraction and polarization form part of wave optics
Slide 16 : Thermodynamics,
Deals with systems in macroscopic equilibrium and is concerned with changes in internal energy, temperature.
Transfer of heat.
The efficiency of heat engines and refrigerators.
Slide 17 : The microscopic domain of physics
deals with the constitution and structure of matter at the minute scales of atoms and nuclei and their interaction with electrons, photons .
Classical physics is inadequate to handle this domain and Quantum Theory is currently accepted as the proper framework for explaining microscopic phenomena.
Slide 19 : Physics is exciting in many ways.
(1) To some people the excitement comes from universality of its basic theories, the fact that a few basic concepts and laws can explain phenomena covering a large range of magnitude of physical quantities.
(2)To some other carrying out new experiments to unlock the secrets of nature, to verify or refute theories, is thrilling .
(3) Applied physics is equally demanding. Application and exploitation of physical laws to make useful devices is the most interesting.
Slide 20 : (a) Physics in relation to Chemistry
The study of structure of atoms, radioactivity, X-ray diffraction etc. Physics has enabled chemists to rearrange elements in periodic table on the basis of atomic number.
(b) Physics in relation to Biological Sciences
The optical microscopes developed in Physics are extensively used in the study of biological samples. Using an electron microscope, the structure of biological cells is studied. X-rays discovered in Physics have a variety of applications in biological sciences. Optical fibres have led to techniques like endoscopy.
(c) Physics in relation to Astronomy
The giant astronomical telescopes developed in Physics are used for observing planets.
(d) Physics in relation to Mathematics
Mathematics has infact has served as a powerful tool in the development of modern theoretical Physics
PHYSICS IN RELATION TO TECHNOLOGY : PHYSICS IN RELATION TO TECHNOLOGY Technology is the application of the principles of Physics for practical purposes. For e.g. steam engine which played key role in the industrial Revolution was developed on the laws of thermodynamics.
Link between Technology and Physics : Link between Technology and Physics Stream engine
Rocket propulsion
Aeroplane
Sonar
Optical fibres
Electric generator
Radio and Television
Photocell
Nuclear Reactor
Lasers Laws of Thermodynamics
Newton’s Laws of motion
Bernoulli’s principle in fluid dynamics
Reflection of ultrasonic waves
Total internal reflection of light
Farday’s laws of electromagnetic induction
Generation, propagation and detection of electromagnetic waves
Photoelectric effect.
Controlled nuclear fission.
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Some Great Physicists with their major contribution/discovery : Some Great Physicists with their major contribution/discovery Archimedes
Gallileo Gallilei
Sir Isaac Newton
Christiaan Huygens
Michael Faraday
James Clerk Maxwell
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
J.J.Thomson
W.K. Roentgen
J.C.Bose
Marie Curie
Albert Einstein
C.V.Raman
M.N.Saha
S.N.Bose
Edwin Hubble
S.Chandra Shekhar
Homi Jehangir Bhabha Principles of buoyancy
Law of inertia
Universal law of gravitation and others
Wave Theory of light
Laws of electromagnetic induction
Electromagnetic theory
Generation of electromagnetic waves
Electron
X-rays
Ultra short radio waves
Studies of natural radioactivity
Explanationof Photoelectric effect; Theory of
Relativity
Inelastic scattering of light by molecules
Thermal ionization
Quantum statistics
Expanding universe
Structure and evolution of stars
Cascade process of cosmic radiation
FUNDAMENTAL FORCES IN NATURE : FUNDAMENTAL FORCES IN NATURE Physics has revealed that all the forces occurring in different contexts arise from a small number of fundamental forces in nature.
Following four fundamental which govern the macroscopic:
Gravitational forces
Weak nuclear forces
Electromagnetic forces
Strong nuclear forces.
Slide 26 : The gravitational forces is the force of mutual attraction between any two objects by virtue of their masses.
All objects on earth experience the force of gravity due to the earth. The revolution of moon and other artificial satellites around the earth is also governed by the force of gravity of earth. The revolution of earth and other planets around the sun is explained in terms of pull of gravity.
Gravitational forces : Gravitational forces The magnitude of the force exerted by a particle of mass m1 on another particle of mass m2 at a distance r from it is given by Newton’s law of gravitation
where G is universal gravitational constant and has the value G = 6.67 x 10-11 N m2/kg2
Important features/properties of gravitational forces
Gravitational forces are universal attractive
There are the weakest forces in nature
Operate over very long distances
Slide 29 : The electromagnetic forces are the forces between charged particles.
When the charge are at rest, the forces are called electrostatic forces .
The charges in motion produce magnetic effects and a magnetic field gives rise to a force on a moving charge.
The magnitude of electrostatic force :
e.g Forces between two surfaces in contact.
Force of Friction
Slide 30 : Tension in a string/rope
Forces due to a spring.
Salient features of electromagnetic forces are:-
forces may be attractive or repulsive.
They obey inverse square law.
Electrostatic forces (between two protons) are 1036 times stronger than gravitational forces.
They operate over distances which are not very large
They are central forces
They are also conservative forces.
Slide 31 : The force that binds the neutrons and protons together in a nucleus is called the strong nuclear force.
Nuclear forces are the strongest forces . They are 1038 times stronger than gravitational forces.
Nuclear forces have the shortest range. Upto distances of the order of 10-14 metre.
Nuclear forces do not depend on charge on the nucleon.
Nuclear forces do not obey inverse square law.
Only if distance between nucleons is less than 0.5 fermi, nuclear forces become repulsive.
Slide 32 : For all your Physics Problems
Call me at……………9814123832
Email ………………. hksidhuinstitute@gmail.com