TUBERCULOSIS : TUBERCULOSIS Screening for close contacts of those with tuberculosis may involve a,,,Blood testChest X-Ray, and Skin test (Mantoux test).
TB and DOTS : TB and DOTS DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course)
Identified by the World Bank as one of the most cost-effective health strategies available.
Treatment ……a combination of antibiotics.
The standard treatment involves Isoniazid and Rifampicin being given for at least six months.
Drug-resistant strains of the TB bacteria now.
Some strains are now resistant to the two leading drugs, Isoniazid and Rifampicin - this is defined as multi-drug resistance (MDR).
Botulism : Botulism A disease caused by the ingestion of a toxin produced by the Clostridium botulinum
Causative agents of Human diseases : Causative agents of Human diseases Influenza ... Hemophilus influenzae
Typhoid ... Salmonella typhosa
Whoophing cough ... Hemophilus pertusis
Gonorrhoea ... Neisseria gonorrhoae
Syphilis ... Troponema pallidum
Boils ... Micrococcus pyogenes
Relapsing fever ... Borellia recurrentis
LYME DISEASE : LYME DISEASE Tick carries the bacterium for Lyme disease Bulls eye rash is unique symptom of Lyme disease Ixodes scapularis
ANTHRAX IN MANA tool of Bioweapon : ANTHRAX IN MANA tool of Bioweapon Caused by Bacillus anthracis
An example of zoonosis
Infection occurs by endospores which remain resistant till 20 years.
Resistant to temperature as high as 150OC
Human anthrax comes from animals as cattle and sheep directly or indirectly
Three forms of anthrax : Three forms of anthrax Intestinal
Pulmonary
Cutaneous This presentation is brought to you by ….. Bisbio.in
INTESTINAL ANTRAX : INTESTINAL ANTRAX Rare and occurs by ingesting endospores
In tribes which feed on animal carcass.
Causes violent enteritis
With bloody diarrhoea leading to death.
PULMONARY ANTRAX : PULMONARY ANTRAX Called Wool Sorter’s Disease
Due to enhalation of dust from infected wool
Causes haemorrhagic pneumonia with high fatality rate
Haemorrhagic menigitis may occur.
CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX : CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX Occurs by infection through skin
Lesions start as papule about 1-3 days after infection
Lesion becomes vesicular and gets filled with clear fluid or blood stained fluid
A central dark area appears called BLACK ESCHAR
(l. coal)
Also called Hide Porter’s disease as it occur in dock workers carrying animal hides
Causes fatal septicaemia.
Poly-D-glutamyl capsule : Poly-D-glutamyl capsule All virulent strains of B. anthracis form this capsule.
Mycoplasma pathogen to man : Mycoplasma pathogen to man Mycoplasma pneumoniae Upper respiratory tract disease, tracheobronchitis, atypical pneumonia
M. hominis Pyelonephritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, postpartum fever
M. genitalium Nongonococcl urethritis
Ureaplasma urealyticum Nongonococcl urethritis This presentation is brought to you by ….. Bisbio.in
RICKETTSIA : RICKETTSIA Howard Taylor Ricketts, a pathologist at University of Chicago described a unique organism in the blood of victims of rocky mountain spotted fever.
The name Rickettsiae was coined to honour Ricketts as he became infected with same very organism during his studies and died with rocky mountain spotted fever.
Slide 14 :
Slide 15 : They cause Rickettsial fevers as Rocky spotted mountain fever, typhus fever, scrub fever, Q-fever and trench fever.
The vectors for these diseases are ticks and mites. RICKETTSIA
ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER is caused by Rickettsia and vector are ticks and mite : ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER is caused by Rickettsia and vector are ticks and mite
Chlamydia : Chlamydia Only bacteria incapable of synthesizing their own ATP and cause trachoma.
These were originally thought to be viruses.
However, later it was found that they possess both DNA and RNA as well as a number of enzymes.
Chlamydia : Chlamydia Infectious elementary bodies
Opacity of cornea due to chalmydial trachomatis : Opacity of cornea due to chalmydial trachomatis
Slide 20 : They generally cause diseases of eyes and respiratory tracts as trachoma, chlamydial urethritis, psittacosis and lymphogranuloma. Chlamydia The pictures projected here on this free session belong to the beholder on the internet. We thank them
Necrotizing fasciitis : Necrotizing fasciitis It is commonly known as flesh-eating disease or flesh-eating bacteria, is a rare infection of the deeper layers of skin and subcutaneous skin.
Flesh eating bacteria are :
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Vibrio vulnificus
Clostridium perfringes
Bacteroides fragilis
Necrotizing fasciitis : Necrotizing fasciitis
Plague ... Pasteurella pestis : Plague ... Pasteurella pestis Yersinia pestis (formerly Pasteurella pestis)
A Gram –negative rod shaped bacterium
Causative agent of black death.
Human Y. pestis infection takes three main forms:
pneumonic,
septicaemic and
the notorious bubonic plague
Slide 24 : Recently Y. pestis has gained attention as a possible biological warfare agent .
In Bubonic plague buboes appear which is similar in appearance to a huge blister and usually appears under the armpit, in the groin or on the neck.
Beginning in the 14th century killing half of Europe's population, with repeated outbreaks until the 18th century .
The vector is rat flea, Xenopsylla. Plague
Slide 25 : Other symptoms include spots on the skin that are red at first and then turn black, heavy breathing, continuous blood vomiting, aching limbs and terrible pain.
The pain is usually caused by the actual decaying, or decomposing of the skin while the infected person is still alive. When death begins the person will get spasms.
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Slide 27 : The End We are grateful to….
Kalyan Sarkar and wiziq team
for their unending help and assistance This presentation is brought to you by ….. Bisbio.in