Slide 1 : Presented by: Ashutosh Mishra I see & I forget, I hear & I remember, I do & I understand." Confucius
Slide 2 : Concept of Learning
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Slide 5 : The Learning Process
Slide 6 : Capability Framework
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Slide 8 : How the organizations value learning ?
Slide 9 : Behavioristic theory Ivan Pavlov – a Russian pioneer & John B. Watson of USA attributed learning to the association between stimulus & response. Classical Conditioning : Pavlov’s experiment using dogs with meat powder & bell.
This experiment was a major breakthrough that had a lasting impact on understanding of learning. However Skinner says, ”behaviour is a function of consequences not the classical conditioning eliciting stimuli”.
Slide 10 : Operant Conditioning : It is concerned primarily with learning that occurs as a consequence of behaviour.
Slide 11 : Concepts are categories of stimuli that have certain features in common. The shapes on the left are all members of a conceptual category: rectangle. Their common features are (1) 4 lines; (2) opposite lines parallel; (3) lines connected at ends; (4) lines form 4 right angles. The fact that they are different colors and sizes and have different orientations is irrelevant. Colour, size, and orientation are not defining features of the concept. Concept Learning
Slide 12 : In mathematics, a curve consists of the points through which a continuously moving point passes. The "learning curve" was first described by the 19th Century German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus according to the difficulty of memorizing varying numbers of verbal stimuli. The learning curve effect states that the more times a task has been performed, the less time will be required on each subsequent iteration. This relationship was probably first quantified in 1936 at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in the United States, where it was determined that every time total aircraft production doubled, the required labour time decreased by 10 to 15 percent. Learning Curve
Slide 13 : The experience curve effect is broader in scope than the learning curve effect encompassing far more than just labour time. It states that the more often a task is performed the lower will be the cost of doing it. The task can be the production of any good or service. Each time cumulative volume doubles, value added costs (including administration, marketing, distribution, and manufacturing) fall by a constant and predictable percentage.
Slide 14 : EN = KN^S
where
EN = effort per unit of production (i.e., manhours) to produce the Nth unit.
K = constant, which is the effort to produce the first unit.
s = slope constant, which is negative since the effort per unit decreases with production.
The above relationship will plot as a straight line on log-log paper.
Take the logarithms of both sides,
log EN = s x log N + log K
which is the equation of a straight line
Y = sX + b The real equation
Slide 15 : Real time applications
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Slide 17 : Significance of learning for managers Shaping behaviour in Organization How is this done ?
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Slide 21 : How does learning benefit any organisation?
Slide 22 : Networked Management Learning for Managers of
Small & Medium Enterprises- University Management School, Lancaster, UK Workplace Learning for Individuals, Groups
and Organisations – Economic & Social Research Council Praxis-Organize our activities in new & creative ways
Slide 23 : Let’s see what the Leader says..
Slide 24 : Learning aspects in an Organization System
Slide 25 : The most difficult lesson to learn is: Which bridge in life to use or which one
to break off . Future of learning is written in the future of knowledge.
Learning now : defined as the moment when we actively acquire the knowledge that is missing in order for us to complete the needed tasks or solve a problem.
Slide 26 : References The Internet. OB – Fred Luthans
OB – Robbins
& Papers.
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