IP Adressing and the RIR System : IP Adressing and the RIR System Prepared & Presented By
The Number Resource Organization
Consisting of the Five RIRs
AfriNIC, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC, RIPE NCC
Overview : Overview IP Addressing
What is an IP address?
How does an IP address make the Internet work?
The RIR System
Where did the RIRs come from?
What does an RIR look like?
How does an RIR manage IP address space?
IP Addressing : IP Addressing
What is an IP Address? : What is an IP Address?
“On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog…” : “On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog…” by Peter Steiner, from The New Yorker, (Vol.69 (LXIX) no. 20)
“On the Internet…” You are nothing but an IP Address! : “On the Internet…” You are nothing but an IP Address! 202.12.29.142
What is an Address? : What is an Address? An identifier which includes information about how to find its subject
(according to some rules of interpretation)
Normally hierarchical
Each part provides more specific detail
For example…ways to find APNIC
+61 7 3858 3188
www.apnic.net
pwilson@apnic.net
202.12.29.142
What is an IP Address? : What is an IP Address? Internet identifier including information about how to reach a network location
(via the Internet routing system)
IPv4: 32-bit* number. Written in Dotted Decimal Notation
205.150.58.7
4 billion different host addresses
IPv6: 128-bit* number. Written in Hex Decimal Notation
2001:0503:0C27:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
16 billion billion network addresses * bit = binary digit
What else is an IP Address? : What else is an IP Address? Necessary for Internet Routing
A finite “Common Resource”
Never “owned” by address users
Are not property
Cannot be bought, sold, traded…
Provided on Non-Permanent Basis for Use
Returned to Provider When No Longer Required
Not dependent upon the DNS
How does an IP address make the Internet work? : How does an IP address make the Internet work?
Internet Geography : Internet Geography “Nations” of the Internet are networks
“Frontiers” are border routers
“Treaties” are peering relationships between networks
It’s a very dynamic world…
New nations are formed daily
New borders are established hourly
Routing tables change by the minute
Driven almost entirely by industry
No centralised control
Very different from “traditional” networks
Telephony for example
Telephone Network Routing : Telephone Network Routing Global +61 7 3858 3188
Internet Address Routing : Internet Address Routing
Internet Address Routing : Internet Address Routing 202.12.29.0/24
Global Internet Routing : Global Internet Routing
IP Addresses are not Domain Names : IP Addresses are not Domain Names IP Address [Identifier]
“Computer-friendly”
Unique number identifies computer on Internet
Used for routing
DNS Name [Reference]
“People-Friendly”
Maps host name to unique IP address
Not used for routing
IP addresses are not domain names… : 2001:0C00:8888:: 2001:0400:: IP addresses are not domain names… DNS
Definitions : Definitions Routing
The act of moving information across an internetwork from a source to a destination.
Domain Name System [DNS]
A means of storing and retrieving information about hostnames and IP addresses in a distributed data base.
The RIR System : The RIR System
Where did the RIRsCome From? : Where did the RIRsCome From?
RIR System Evolution : RIR System Evolution 1981 2006 2001 1996 1991 1986 1992 1981 2003 2005 1999 2002 1997 1993 Central Registry
RIR Service Regions : RIR Service Regions
Number Resource Organization24 October 2003 : Formed by the Regional Internet Registries
to formalize their cooperative efforts, the NRO exists
to protect the unallocated Number Resource pool,
to promote and protect the bottom up policy development process, and
to act as a focal point for Internet community input into the RIR system. Number Resource Organization24 October 2003
What does an RIRLook Like? : What does an RIRLook Like?
RIR Structure : RIR Structure Fee for Services
NOT
Number Resources
100% membership funded Open
Broad-based
Private Sector
Public Sector
Civil Society Community Developed Polices
Member Elected Executive Board
Open and transparent processes
RIR Services : RIR Services IP Address Allocation
Assignment
ASN Assignment
Directory Services
WHOIS
IRR
DNS (reverse) Elections
Meetings
Information Dissemination
Web Site
Newsletters
Round Tables
Training Maintain e-mail discussion lists
Conduct public policy meetings
Publish policy documents
How does an RIR ManageIP Address Space? : How does an RIR ManageIP Address Space?
Why Manage IP Address Space? : Why Manage IP Address Space? Technical Requirements
Defined Characteristics Create a Finite Common Resource
Network Topology Realities
Prevent Capricious Consumption
Ensure Fair Distribution to All Address Space Constraints
Require Good Stewardship
How Are IP Addresses Managed? : Aggregate Conserve Unique Neutral Consistent Impartial How Are IP Addresses Managed? Policy Objectives Administration Principles Fair
Administration : Administration
Address Management Terms : Address Management Terms
Discussing IPv4[Formerly] : Discussing IPv4[Formerly]
Discussing IPv4[Now] : Discussing IPv4[Now]
How Are IP Addresses Provisioned? : How Are IP Addresses Provisioned? Community Establishes Criteria
Through
Policy Development Process
Who Are the IP AddressProvisioning Organizations? : Who Are the IP AddressProvisioning Organizations? AFRINIC, APNIC,
ARIN, LACNIC,
RIPE NCC IANA
Policy Development Process : Policy Development Process
RIR Policy Development Process : RIR Policy Development Process OPEN TRANSPARENT ‘BOTTOM UP’ NO Accreditation
Inclusive
Accessible Documented, Published & Accessible
PDP, Policies, & Procedures Internet Community
Proposes, Discusses, & Approves
Policy Need Discuss Evaluate Implement Consensus
The RIR PDP in the Global PDP : The RIR PDP in the Global PDP
Public Policy Meetings : Public Policy Meetings
Links : Links http://www.afrinic.net http://www.apnic.net http://www.arin.net http://www.lacnic.net http://www.ripe.net http://www.nro.net http://www.icann.org
Slide 41 : Thank You
Slide 42 : Discussion