17th Century England: Struggles for Political Order : 17th Century England: Struggles for Political Order
17th Century England : 17th Century England Political and Religious Conflict under Stuarts
The English Civil War (1642 – 1651)
Restoration of the Monarchy (1660)
The Glorious Revolution (1689)
17th Century English Monarchy : 17th Century English Monarchy Stuart Monarchy
James I (rule 1603 – 1625)
Charles I (rule 1625 – 1649)
Charles II (1649/1660 – 1685)
James II (1685 – 1689)
House of Orange (Protestant)
William III and Mary II
King James I (First Stuart Monarch, First King of Great Britain) : King James I (First Stuart Monarch, First King of Great Britain)
Slide6 : “The state of monarchy. . . is the supremest thing upon earth: for Kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon throne, but even by God himself they are called Gods.”
- King James I
James I vs. Parliament : James I vs. Parliament Issues:
Royal sale of titles & offices
Accountability of Ministers to Parliament
Guy Fawkes : Guy Fawkes English soldier and Roman Catholic
Conspired to assassinate James I as he addressed Parliament
Gunpowder Plot November 5, 1605
Plot is foiled, Fawkes tortured and executed
James I vs. Parliament : James I vs. Parliament Issues:
Royal sale of titles & offices
Accountability of Ministers to Parliament
Parliament’s right to intervene in foreign policy
James I vs. Parliament : James I vs. Parliament Issues:
Royal sale of titles & offices
Accountability of Ministers to Parliament
Parliament’s right to intervene in foreign policy
Parliament’s right to withhold funds for war
James I vs. Parliament : James I vs. Parliament Issues:
Royal sale of titles & offices
Accountability of Ministers to Parliament
Parliament’s right to intervene in foreign policy
Parliament’s right to withhold funds for war
Parliament’s right to intervene in marriage plans
Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France : Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France
Charles I (1625 – 1649) : Charles I (1625 – 1649)
“People are governed by the pulpit more than the sword in time of peace.”
- Charles I
Religious Divisions : Religious Divisions Anglican vs. Puritan vs. Catholic. . .
Key Questions of Civil War : Key Questions of Civil War How is England to be governed?
What is the purpose and role of Parliament?
What is the relationship between Parliament and royal authority?
What is the ‘proper’ faith for England?
English Civil War : English Civil War
Parliament denounces royal acts as “illegal”
Civil war erupts 1642
“Court” and “Cavaliers” vs. “Country” and “Roundheads”
The English Civil War : The English Civil War
Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army : Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army
Radicals of the English Civil War : Radicals of the English Civil War Diggers
Levellers
Ranters
Execution of Charles I (1649) : Execution of Charles I (1649)
Commonwealth of England : Commonwealth of England Established 1649 under Puritan Cromwell
Represses Irish uprising
Conquers Scotland
Fights Dutch Republic and Spain
Cromwell becomes “Lord Protector” and dissolves Parliament in 1653
Imposes taxes without parliamentary approval and purges dissenters
Persecutes Anglicans and Catholics
Restoration of the Monarchy 1660 King Charles II : Restoration of the Monarchy 1660 King Charles II
Q. What to do? : Q. What to do? Newly restored Stuart monarchy once again:
Opposing / dissolving parliament
Taxing without permission
Flirting with Catholicism
A. Find another heir to the throne : A. Find another heir to the throne
Namely:
Protestant daughter of James, Mary
Married to Protestant Dutchman William of Orange
Supported by both English and Dutch against Catholic France and Spain
William III of Orange and Queen Mary (rule 1689 – 1702) : William III of Orange and Queen Mary (rule 1689 – 1702)
The “Glorious Revolution” : The “Glorious Revolution” William and 15,000 men land in England on November 5, 1688
James leaves England for exile in France
Parliament (victorious again) declares throne vacant and invite William and Mary to rule
Constitutional milestone in English history
English Bill of Rights (1689) : English Bill of Rights (1689) Ratified revolution of 1688
Ends constitutional battles
Affirmed rights of Parliament
Guaranteed rights to property owners
Guaranteed right of accused to rule of law
Reasserts Parliament’s financial authority over government
Reduced royal control over army
Stipulates toleration for Protestant dissenters, etc.
17th Century English Political Theory : 17th Century English Political Theory Thomas Hobbes John Locke (1588 – 1679) (1632 – 1704)