Writers, Intellectuals

Intellectual: Writers, : Intellectual: Writers, APUSH

John Smith : John Smith Diary

‘City on a Hill” : ‘City on a Hill” John Winthrop New Society in MBC based on Pilgrim’s beliefs

Sinners in the Hands of an angry God : Sinners in the Hands of an angry God Jonathan Edwards

Common Sense : Common Sense Thomas Paine Deist Colonies should declare Independence

Second Treatise of Government : Second Treatise of Government Social Contract John Locke He wrote that all human beings have a right to life, liberty, and property and that governments exist to protect those rights. He rejected the theory of the Divine Right of the monarchy, and believed that government was based upon a "social contract" that existed between a government and its people. If the government failed to uphold its end of the contract by protecting those rights, the people could rebel and institute a new government.

Letters from Farmers in Pennsylvania : Letters from Farmers in Pennsylvania John Dickenson Drafted a declaration of colonial rights and grievances, and also wrote the series of "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania" in 1767 to protest the Townshend Acts.

Declaration of Independence : Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson

Poetry : Poetry Ann Bradstreet First Colonial Poet to be published

Poor Richard’s Almanac : Poor Richard’s Almanac Ben Franklin

Benjamin Franklins autobiography : Benjamin Franklins autobiography B Franklin First of its kind written by an American

Crisis : Crisis Thomas Paine The Revolutionary War is going poorly, stay in the fight. Sunshine soldier vs. the Soldier who stays in the fight

Articles of Confederation : Articles of Confederation John Dickenson The Articles of Confederation delegated most of the powers (the power to tax, to regulate trade, and to draft troops) to the individual states, but left the federal government power over war, foreign policy, and issuing money. The Articles’ weakness was that they gave the federal government so little power that it couldn’t keep the country united. The Articles’ only major success was that they settled western land claims with the Northwest Ordinance. The Articles were abandoned for the Constitution.

Federalist Papers : Federalist Papers Alexander Hamilton James Madison John Jay Convince New Yorkers to Ratify the U.S. Constitution Federalist 10 This essay from the Federalist Papers proposed setting up a republic to solve the problems of a large democracy (anarchy, rise of factions which disregard public good). Federalist 51

U.S. Constitution : U.S. Constitution James Madison Virginia Plan The document which established the present federal government of the United States and outlined its powers. It can be changed through amendments. Constitution: Preamble "We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."

Bill of Rights : Bill of Rights Bill of Rights Freedom of speech, press, religion, assemblyRight to keep and bear arms No quartering without consent Against search and seizure Not subjected to same offense twice, be deprived of life, liberty, or property Right to speedy trial Guaranteed trial by jury No excessive bail, fines or cruel and unusual punishment Rights not confined to what is written Powers not delegated to U.S. are reserved to states

Washington’s Farewell Address : Washington’s Farewell Address George Washington He warned against the dangers of political parties and foreign alliances.

First American Dictionary : First American Dictionary Noah Webster Wrote some of the first dictionaries and spellers in the U.S. His books, which became the standard for the U.S., promoted American spellings and pronunciations, rather than British.

Portrait of George Washington : Portrait of George Washington Gilbert Stuart American painter, most famous for painting the portrait of Washington which was copied for the one dollar bill.

Charles Wilson Peale : Charles Wilson Peale An American naturalist painter.

The Liberator : The Liberator William Lolyd Garrison abolitionist become vocal

Ralph Waldo Emerson : Ralph Waldo Emerson Essayist, poet. A leading transcendentalist, emphasizing freedom and self-reliance in essays which still make him a force today. He had an international reputation as a first-rate poet. He spoke and wrote many works on the behalf of the Abolitionists.

Civil Disobedience and Walden : Civil Disobedience and Walden Henry David Thoreau A transcendentalist and friend of Emerson. He lived alone on Walden Pond with only $8 a year from 1845-1847 and wrote about it in Walden. In his essay, "On Civil Disobedience," he inspired social and political reformers because he had refused to pay a poll tax in protest of slavery and the Mexican-American War, and had spent a night in jail. He was an extreme individualist and advised people to protest by not obeying laws (passive resistance).

The Dial : The Dial Margaret Fuller Social reformer, leader in women's movement and a transcendentalist. Edited The Dial (1840-1842), which was the puplication of the transcendentalists. It appealed to people who wanted "perfect freedom", "progress in philosophy and theology . . . and hope that the future will not always be as the past."

Last of the Mohican’sLeatherstocking Tales : Last of the Mohican’sLeatherstocking Tales James Fenimore Cooper ), The Spy, The Pioneers American novelist. The Spy (1821) was about the American Revolution. The Pioneers (1823) tells of an old scout returning to his boyhood home and is one of the Leatherstocking Tales, a series of novels about the American frontier, for which Cooper was famous. (Leatherstocking is the scout.) Cooper later stayed in Europe for seven years, and when he returned he was disgusted by American society because it didn't live up to his books. Cooper emphasized the independence of individuals and importance of a stable social order. 448. James Fenimore Cooper, Last of the Mohicans 1826 - It is about a scout named Hawkeye during the French and Indian War, while he was in his prime. It is one of the Leatherstocking Tales, about a frontiersman and a noble Indian, and the clash between growing civilization and untamed wilderness.

Moby Dick : Moby Dick Herman Melville Wrote Moby Dick (1851) about a Captain Ahab who seeks revenge on the white whale that crippled him but ends up losing his life, his ship, and his crew. Wasn't popular at the time but now highly regarded. Melville rejected the optimism of the transcendentalists and felt that man faced a tragic destiny. His views were not popular at the time, but were accepted by later generations.

The Scarlet letter : The Scarlet letter Nathaniel Hawthorne Originally a transcendentalist; later rejected them and became a leading anti-trascendentalist. He was a descendant of Puritan settlers. The Scarlet Letter shows the hypocrisy and insensitivity of New England puritans by showing their cruelty to a woman who has committed adultery and is forced to wear a scarlet "A".

"The Raven," "The Bells," "The Tell-Tale Heart," and "The Gold Bug." : "The Raven," "The Bells," "The Tell-Tale Heart," and "The Gold Bug." Edgar Allen Poe Author who wrote many poems and short stories including "The Raven," "The Bells," "The Tell-Tale Heart," and "The Gold Bug." He was the originator of the detective story and had a major influence on symbolism and surrealism. Best known for macabre stories.

Legend of Sleepy Hollow Rip Van Winkle : Legend of Sleepy Hollow Rip Van Winkle Washington Irving Author, diplomat. Wrote The Sketch Book, which included "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." He was the first American to be recognized in England (and elsewhere) as a writer.

Longfellow : Longfellow Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) Internationally recognized poet. Emphasized the value of tradition and the impact of the past on the present.

Leaves of Grass : Leaves of Grass Leaves of Grass (1855) was his first volume of poetry. He broke away from the traditional forms and content of New England poetry by describing the life of working Americans and using words like "I reckon", "duds", and "folks". He loved people and expressed the new democracy of a nation finding itself. He had radical ideas and abolitionist views - Leaves of Grass was considered immoral. Patriotic.

Hudson river Institute : Hudson river Institute In about 1825, a group of American painters, led by Thomas Cole, used their talents to do landscapes, which were not highly regarded. They painted many scenes of New York's Hudson River. Mystical overtones.

Democracy in America : Democracy in America Alexis de Tocqueville De Tocqueville came from France to America in 1831. He observed democracy in government and society. His book (written in two parts in 1835 and 1840) discusses the advantages of democracy and consequences of the majority's unlimited power. First to raise topics of American practicality over theory, the industrial aristocracy, and the conflict between the masses and individuals.

Horace Mann : Horace Mann Public education, Horace Mann Secretary of the newly formed Massachusetts Board of Education, he created a public school system in Massachusetts that became the model for the nation. Started the first American public schools, using European schools (Prussian military schools) as models.

Seneca Falls : Seneca Falls July, 1848 - Site of the first modern women's right convention. At the gathering, Elizabeth Cady Staton read a Declaration of Sentiment listing the many discriminations against women, and adopted eleven resolutions, one of which called for women's suffrage.

Emma Willard : Emma Willard Early supporter of women's education, in 1818 she published Plan for Improving Female Education, which became the basis for public education of women in New York. In 1821, she opened her own girls’ school, the Troy Female Seminary, designed to prepare women for college.

“Uncle Tom’s Cabin” : “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” Harriet Beecher Stowe She wrote the abolitionist book, Uncle Tom's Cabin. It helped to crystalize the rift between the North and South. It has been called the greatest American propaganda novel ever written, and helped to bring about the Civil War.

“a House Divided against itself cannot Stand’ : “a House Divided against itself cannot Stand’ Lincoln First Inaugural Address

“Malice Toward None” : “Malice Toward None” Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address

My Life : My Life Frederick Douglas Autobiography of the Life of Frederick Douglas The North Star

Lincoln Douglas Debates : Lincoln Douglas Debates Douglas debates of 1858 during Illinois Senatorial campaign A series of seven debates. The two argued the important issues of the day like popular sovereignty, the Lecompton Constitution and the Dred Scott decision. Douglas won these debates, but Lincoln's position in these debates helped him beat Douglas in the 1860 presidential election. Freeport Doctrine During the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Douglas said in his Freeport Doctrine that Congress couldn't force a territory to become a slave state against its will.

Gettysburg Address : Gettysburg Address Lincoln Realization of Declaration of Independence of all in the US

“Up From Slavery” : “Up From Slavery” Booker T. Washington

Atlanta Compromise : Atlanta Compromise Booker T. Washington

Charles Darwin : Charles Darwin Origin of Species Presented the theory of evolution, which proposed that creation was an ongoing process in which mutation and natural selection constantly give rise to new species. Sparked a long-running religious debate over the issue of creation.

Darwin Applied : Darwin Applied Social Darwinism Applied Darwin's theory of natural selection and "survival of the fittest" to human society -- the poor are poor because they are not as fit to survive. Used as an argument against social reforms to help the poor. Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919), The Gospel of Wealth Carnegie was an American millionaire and philanthropist who donated large sums of money for public works. His book argued that the wealthy have an obligation to give something back to society. Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) British, developed a system of philosophy based on the theory of evolution, believed in the primacy of personal freedom and reasoned thinking. Sought to develop a system whereby all human endeavours could be explained rationally and scientifically.

William Graham Sumner : William Graham Sumner What Social Classes Owe to Each Other Economist and sociologist.

Henry Ward Beecher (1813-1889) : Henry Ward Beecher (1813-1889) Minister who worked against slavery in Kansas Border War, promoted civil service reform.

Dwight L. Moody (1837-1899) : Dwight L. Moody (1837-1899) Evangelist who preached the social gospel. Moody Bible Institute – outreach to urban areas

Rev. Josiah Strong : Rev. Josiah Strong Enivisioned a "final competition of races," in which the Anglo-Saxons would emerge victorious.

Lester Frank Ward : Lester Frank Ward Sociologist who attacked social Darwinism in his book, Dynamic Sociology.

Looking Backwards : Looking Backwards Edward Bellamy, Looking Backwards, 2000-1887 1888 - Utopian novel which predicted the U.S. woudl become a socialist state in which the government would own and oversee the means of production and would unite all people under moral laws.

Progress and Poverty : Progress and Poverty Henry George Said that poverty was the inevitable side-effect of progress.

"Gilded Age" : "Gilded Age" A name for the late 1800s, coined by Mark Twain to describe the tremendous increase in wealth caused by the industrial age and the ostentatious lifestyles it allowed the very rich. The great industrial success of the U.S. and the fabulous lifestyles of the wealthy hid the many social problems of the time, including a high poverty rate, a high crime rate, and corruption in the government.

Pragmatism : Pragmatism William James Developed the philosophy of pragmatism. One of the founders of modern psychology, and the first to attempt to apply psychology as a science rather than a philosophy. Pragmatism A philosophy which focuses only on the outcomes and effects of processes and situations.

Edwin Lawrence Godkin : Edwin Lawrence Godkin Editor of The Nation Political writer who founded The Nation magazine, which called for reform.

William Dean Howells : William Dean Howells Editor of the Atlantic Monthly, and a champion of the realist movement in fiction writing.

Winslow Homer : Winslow Homer A Realist painter known for his seascapes of New England.

Joseph Pulitzer : Joseph Pulitzer A muckraker who designed the modern newspaper format (factual articles in one section, editorial and opinion articles in another section).

William Randolph Hearst : William Randolph Hearst Newspaper publisher who adopted a sensationalist style. His reporting was partly responsible for igniting the Spanish-American War.

Suffrage : Suffrage Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906) An early leader of the women's suffrage (right to vote) movement, co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stnaton in 1869. Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902) A suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women. Co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869. Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947) A suffragette who was president of the National Women's Suffrage Association, and founder of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. Instrumental in obtaining passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920. Alice Paul A suffragette who believed that giving women the right to vote would eliminate the corruption in politics.

Temperance : Temperance Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) A group of women who advocated total abstinence from alcohol and who worked to get laws passed against alcohol. Francis Willard Dean of Women at Northwestern University and the president of the Women's Christian Temperance Union. Carry A. Nation (1846-1901) A prohibitionist. She believed that bars and other liquor-related businesses should be destroyed, and was known for attacking saloons herself with a hatchet.

Uncle Remus : Uncle Remus Joel Chandler Harris (1848-1908) Wrote the "Uncle Remis" stories, which promoted black stereotypes and used them for humor.

Henry James : Henry James American writer who lived in England. Wrote numerous novels around the theme of the conflict between American innocence and European sophistication/corruption, with an emphasis on the psychological motivations of the characters. Famous for his novel Washington Square and his short story "The Turn of the Screw."

Red Badge of Courage : Red Badge of Courage Stephan Crane Writer who introduced grim realism to the American novel. His major work, The Red Badge of Courage is a psychological study of a Civil War soldier. Crane had never been near a war when he wrote it, but later he was a reporter in the Spanish-American War.

Bret Harte : Bret Harte Wrote humorous short stories about the American West, popularized the use of regional dialects as a literary device.

Mark Twain : Mark Twain Master of satire. A regionalist writer who gave his stories "local color" through dialects and detailed descriptions. His works include The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, "The Amazing Jumping Frog of Calaverus County," and stories about the American West.

Frontier Thesis : Frontier Thesis Frederick Jackson Turner American historian who said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was new land to move into. The frontier provided a place for homeless and solved social problems.

Safety Valve Thesis : Safety Valve Thesis Proposed by Frederick Jackson Turner Explained America's unique non-European culture, held that people who couldn't succeed in eastern society could move west for cheap land and a new start.

A Century of Dishonor : A Century of Dishonor Helen Hunt Jackson A muckracker whose book exposed the unjust manner in which the U.S. government had treated the Indians. Protested the Dawes Severalty Act. Dawes Severalty Act, 1887 Also called the General Allotment Act, it tried to dissolve Indian tribes by redistributing the land. Designed to forestall growing Indian proverty, it resulted in many Indians losing their lands to speculators.

Walter Rauschenbusch : Walter Rauschenbusch New York clergyman who preached the social gospel, worked to alleviate poverty, and worked to make peace between employers and labor unions.

Washington Gladden : Washington Gladden Congregationalist minister who followed the social gospel and supported social reform. A prolific writer whose newspaper cloumns and many books made him a national leader of the Social gospel movement.

The Theory of the Leisure Class : The Theory of the Leisure Class Thorstien Velben An economist, he believed that society was always evolving, but not that the wealthiest members of society were the "fittest." Attacked the behavior of the wealthy. Muckraker novel.

Church of Christian Scientists : Church of Christian Scientists Mary Baker Eddy (1871-1910) Founded the Church of Christian Scientists and set forth the basic doctrine of Christian Science.

Chautauqua Movement : Chautauqua Movement One of the first adult education programs. Started in 1874 as a summer training program for Sunday School teachers, it developed into a travelling lecture series and adult summer school which traversed the country providing religious and secular education though lectures and classes.

Booker T. Washington : Booker T. Washington ), Tuskegee Institute (1856-1915) An educator who urged blacks to better themselves through education and economic advancement, rather than by trying to attain equal rights. In 1881 he founded the first formal school for blacks, the Tuskegee Institute.

W.E.B. Dubois : W.E.B. Dubois A black orator and eassayist. Helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He disagreed with Booker T. Washington's theories, and took a militant position on race relations. "Talented Tenth" According to W. E. B. DuBois, the ten percent of the black population that had the talent to bring respect and equality to all blacks.

The Crisis : The Crisis The NAACP's pamphlet, which borrowed the name from Thomas Paine's speech about the American Revolution.

The Influence of Sea Power upon History : The Influence of Sea Power upon History Captain Alfred Thayler Mahan In 1890, he wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History. He was a proponent of building a large navy. He said that a new, modern navy was necessary to protect the international trade America depended on.

Frank Lloyd Wright : Frank Lloyd Wright Considered America's greatest architect. Pioneered the concept that a building should blend into and harmonize with its surroundings rather than following classical designs.

Ashcan School : Ashcan School Also known as The Eight, a group of American Naturalist painters formed in 1907, most of whom had formerly been newspaper illustrators, they believed in portraying scenes from everyday life in starkly realistic detail. Their 1908 display was the first art show in the U.S.

Cross of Gold : Cross of Gold William Jennings Bryan He said people must not be "crucified on a cross of gold", referring to the Republican proposal to eliminate silver coinage and adopt a strict gold standard.

Yellow Journalism : Yellow Journalism Term used to describe the sensationalist newspaper writings of the time. They were written on cheap yellow paper. The most famous yellow journalist was William Randolf Hearst. Yellow journalism was considered tainted journalism - omissions and half-truths.

Our Country : Our Country Josiah Strong

How the Other Half Lives : How the Other Half Lives Jacob Riis Early 1900's writer who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. Muckraker novel.

Shame of the Cities : Shame of the Cities Lincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities A muckraker novel concerning the poor living conditions in the cities.

The Octopus : The Octopus Frank Norris A leader of the naturalism movement in literature, he believed that a novel should serve a moral purpose. Wrote The Octopus in 1901 about how railroads controlled the lives of a group of California farmers. A muckraker novel.

History of the Standard Oil Company : History of the Standard Oil Company Ida Tarbell This 1904 book exposed the monpolistic practices of the Standard Oil Company. Strengthened the movement for outlawing monopolies. A muckraker novel.

The Bitter Cry of Children : The Bitter Cry of Children John Spargo Journalist and novelist, he wrote of the unfair treatment of children used as child labor. Stressed better education, better schools and teachers. A muckraker novel.

Women and Economics : Women and Economics Charlotte Perkins Gilman She urged women to work outside the home to gain economic independence. Attacked the traditional role of homemaker for women.

"progressive education", "learning by doing" : "progressive education", "learning by doing" John Dewey American philosopher and educator, he led the philosophical movement called Pragmatism. Influenced by evolution, he believed that only reason and knowledge could be used to solve problems. Wanted educational reforms.

The Jungle : The Jungle Upton Sinclair The author who wrote a book about the horrors of food productions in 1906, the bad quality of meat and the dangerous working conditions. Pure Food and Drug Act Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA.

Frederick Taylor : Frederick Taylor Scientific Management

Florence Kelley : Florence Kelley Founded the National Consumer's League, which wanted legislation to protect consumers from being cheated or harmed by big business. Protection of Women and Children

Margaret Sanger : Margaret Sanger American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor sections of New York City, she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy. Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood.

Richard Ely : Richard Ely He asserted that economic theory should reflect social conditions, and believed that the government should act to regulate the economy to prevent social injustice.

Fundamentalists : Fundamentalists Broad movement in Protestantism in the U.S. which tried to preserve what it considered the basic ideas of Christianity against criticism by liberal theologies. It stressed the literal truths of the Bible and creation.

Marcus Garvey : Marcus Garvey Universal Negro Improvement Association Black leader who advocated "black nationalism," and financial independence for Blacks, he started the "Back to Africa" movement. He believed Blacks would not get justice in mostly white nations.

Babbit : Babbit Sinclair Lewis He gained international fame for his novels attacking the weakness in American society. The first American to win the Nobel Prize for literature, Main Street (1920) was a satire on the dullness and lack of culture in a typical American town. Babbit (1922) focuses on a typical small business person's futile attempts to break loose from the confinements in the life of an American citizen.

Theodore Dreisler : Theodore Dreisler An American Tragedy Foremost American writer in the Naturalism movement, this book, written in 1925, criticized repressive, hypocritical society. It tells about a weak young man trying unsuccessfully to rise out of poverty into upper class society who is executed for the murder of his pregnant girlfriend. Sister Carrie

Ernest Hemingway : Ernest Hemingway Farewell to Arms He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954 and the Pulitzer Prize in 1952. A Farewell to Arms was written in 1929 and told the story of a love affair between an American ambulance driver and a British nurse in Italy during WW I.

T.S. Elliot : T.S. Elliot One of the most influential poets of the early 20th century, he had been born in St. Louis, Missouri, but moved to England after college and spent his adult life in Europe. The poem, written in 1922, contrasts the spiritual bankruptcy of modern Europe with the values and unity of the past. Displayed profound despair. Considered the foundation of modernist, 20th century poetry.

The Great Gatsby : The Great Gatsby F Scott Fitzgerald Most critics regard this as his finest work. Written in 1925, it tells of an idealist who is gradually destroyed by the influence of the wealthy, pleasure-seeking people around him.

The Grapes of Wratch : The Grapes of Wratch John Steinback

Iron Curtain : Iron Curtain Winston Churchill

Catcher in the Rye : Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger

Ayn Rand : Ayn Rand The Fountainhead She wrote this novel in 1943 to express her extreme conservative views and her belief that communism was inherently unworkable. Her philosophy was that society functions best when each individual pursues his or her own self-interest, called objectivism.

Howl : Howl Alan Ginsberg

On the Road : On the Road Jack Kerouac Beatniks

Letters from Birmingham Jail : Letters from Birmingham Jail Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

I have a Dream : I have a Dream Dr. Martin Luther King Jr Given August 1963 from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. March on Washington, 1963 August - 200,000 demonstrators converged on the Lincoln Memorial to hear Dr. King's speech and to celebrate Kennedy's support for the civil rights movement.

Feminine Mystique : Feminine Mystique Betty Friedan Depicted how difficult a woman's life is because she doesn't think about herself, only her family. It said that middle-class society stifled women and didn't let them use their talents. Attacked the "cult of domesticity." National Organization for Women (NOW) Inspired by Betty Frieden, a reform organization that battled for equal rights with men by lobbying and testing laws in court. NOW wanted equal employment opportunities, equal pay, ERA, divorce law changes, and legalized abortion. Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Proposed the 27th Amendment, calling for equal rights for both sexes. Defeated in the House in 1972. National Women's Political Caucus Established by Betty Frieden, encouraged women to seek help or run for political office.

Silent Spring : Silent Spring Rachel Carson An American marine biologist wrote in 1962 about her suspicion that the pesticide DDT, by entering the food chain and eventually concentrating in higher animals, caused reproductive dysfunctions. In 1973, DDT was banned in the U.S. except for use in extreme health emergencies.

The Greening of America : The Greening of America Charles Reich, Written in 1970 Predicted a coming revolution with no violence. It offers an interpretation of how the U.S. went wrong and predicts a rebirth of human values through a "new" generation.

Unsafe at Any Speed : Unsafe at Any Speed Ralph Nader Nader said that poor design and construction of automobiles were the major causes of highway deaths. He upset Congress by asking for legislation regulating car design and creation of national auto safety board, NATSA.

Pentagon Papers : Pentagon Papers Daniel Ellsberg Papers were part of a top-secret government study on the Vietnam War and said that the U.S. government had lied to the citizens of the U.S. and the world about its intentions in Vietnam.

Moral Majority : Moral Majority "Born-Again" Christians become politically active. The majority of Americans are moral people, and therefore are a political force.