SEERAH OF THE PROPHET : SEERAH OF THE PROPHET Beyond a shadow of doubt, the biography of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) represents a sublime divine message.
During time of darkness (ignorance) and polytheism to Paradise of light and monotheism.
Location of the Arab : Location of the Arab Arab means barrenless, waterless and treeless
Arabia was the center of the world at the time
Arab Tribes : Arab Tribes Divided into 3 groups:
Perishing Arabs eg: little history is known Ad, Thamûd, Tasam, Jadis, Emlaq, and others
Pure Arabs : originated from Ya‘rub bin Yashjub bin Qahtan so they were also called Qahtanian Arabs.
Arabized Arabs :originated from Ishmael (ASA) also called Adnanian Arabs.
Pure Arabs : Pure Arabs Lived in Yemen and 2 groups were very famous
Himyar and Kahlan.
A tribe of Himyar, known as Quda‘a, also left Yemen and dwelt in Samawa semi-desert on the borders of Iraq.
Kahlan tribes moved from Yemen to other parts of Arabian Peninsula.
Kahlan Tribes : Kahlan Tribes 4 types of Kahlan emigrated to other parts are:
Azd: emigrated northwards to Medina, Makkah, Tihama and Syria.
Lakhm and Judham: were the kings of Heerah.
Banu Tai’: Who also emigrated northwards to settle by the so- called Aja and Salma Mountains which was later named Tai’ Mountains.
Kinda: Who dwelt in Bahrain but were expelled to Hadramout and Najd and later the whole tribe soon faded away.
Arabized Tribes : Arabized Tribes The Arabized Arabs go back in ancestry to their great grandfather Abraham (Peace be upon him) from a town called “Ar” near Kufa on the west bank of the Euphrates in Iraq.
It is known that Abraham (Peace be upon him) left Ar for Harran and then for Palestine, which he made headquarters for his Message. When he went to Egypt, the Pharaoh tried to do evil to his wife Sarah, but Allâh saved her and the Pharaoh’s wicked scheme recoiled on him. He thus came to realize her strong attachment to Allâh, and, in acknowledgment of her grace, the Pharaoh rendered his daughter Hagar at Sarah’s service, but Sarah gave Hagar to Abraham as a wife.
Birth of Ishmael (ASA) : Birth of Ishmael (ASA) Abraham (ASA) returned to Palestine where Hagar gave birth to Ishmael. Sarah became so jealous of Hagar that she forced Abraham to send Hagar and her baby away to a plantless valley on a small hill in Hijaz, by the Sacred House, exposed to the wearing of floods coming right and left. He chose for them a place under a lofty tree above Zamzam near the upper side of the Mosque in Makkah where neither people nor water was available, and went back to Palestine leaving with his wife and baby a leather case with some dates and a pot of water. Not before long, they ran out of both food and water, but thanks to Allâh’s favour water gushed forth to sustain them for sometime. The whole story of Zamzam spring is already known to everybody
Ibraham(ASA) dream : Ibraham(ASA) dream Ibrahim(ASA) used to visit his wife and son from Palestine to Makkah.
Allâh, the Sublime, stated in the Noble Qur’ân that He had Abraham see, in his dream, that he slaughtered his son Ishmael, and therefore Abraham stood up to fulfill His Order:
“Then, when they had both submitted themselves (to the Will of Allâh), and he had laid him prostrate on his forehead (or on the side of his forehead for slaughtering); and We called out to him: “O Abraham! You have fulfilled the dream (vision)!” Verily! Thus do we reward the Muhsinûn (good-doers, who perform good deeds totally for Allâh’s sake only, without any show off or to gain praise or fame, etc. and do them in accordance to Allâh’s Orders). Verily, that indeed was a manifest trial — and We ransomed him with a great sacrifice (i.e. a ram)” [37:103-107]
Family tree of Ishmael (ASA) : Family tree of Ishmael (ASA)
Family tree of Ishmael (ASA) -Mudar Tribe : Family tree of Ishmael (ASA) -Mudar Tribe
Hadith : Hadith Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) said:
“Allâh selected Ishmael from the sons of Abraham, Kinana from the sons of Ishmael, Quraish from the sons of Kinana, Hashim from the sons of Quraish and He selected me from the sons of Hashim.” Al-‘Abbas bin ‘Abdul-Muttalib quoted the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) as saying:
“Allâh created mankind and chose me from the best whereof, He chose the tribes and selected me from the best whereof; and He chose families and selected me from the best whereof. I am the very best in person and family.”
Rulership in Yemen : Rulership in Yemen 650 B.C. – Makrib Sheba,Capital Sarwah, Built Dam of Marib
Until 115 B.C. – Kings of sheba, Capital Marib
Until 300 A.D – Conquered by Himyar, Capital Redan / Zifar. Decline and Fall.
Until Islam – Ethopians occupy Yemen from 340 – 378 A.D, Cracks on the dam and floods, Fall of civilisation
523 – 525 A.D – Christians of Najran – thrown alive by Jew in a ditch of Fire, Invaded by abbyssia – story of men of elephants later became a persian colony when the last ruler converted to Islam.
Rulership in Heerah : Rulership in Heerah
Rulership in Syria : Rulership in Syria Qudas reached the borders of Syria to settle down
They belonged to the family of Sulaih bin Halwan, of whose offspring were the sons of Duj‘am bin Sulaih known as Ad-Duja‘ima. Who were used by the Byzantines to protect their borders from Arab bedoins, raiders and persia
Rulership in Hijaz : Rulership in Hijaz Once Amr Al-Jurhami (Father-in-law) of Ishmael (ASA) Makkah moves to the tribe of Jurhami.
Bukhtanassar’s invasion left adnanides to flee to Yemen but on less pressure Maad returned to Makkah who was adnanide married a Jurham’s daughter and had a son Nizar.
Adnanides later invaded Jurham and Qudaa was the ruler.
Jurham tribe stayed in Makkah for 21 centuries before they fled to Yemen.
Mudar tribes enjoyed 3 privileges: such as Leading pilgrims from ‘Arafat to Muzdalifah and then from Mina to the ‘Aqabah Stoning Pillar. Secondly Al-Ifadah (leaving for Mina after Muzdalifah) on sacrifice morning , thirdly deferment of the sacred months
Reasons for the War : Reasons for the War After Jurham (Halil’s) death Qudsai was responsible for rulership over Makkah and custodianship of the Sacred House. Upon discussion with Quraish Qudsai sent Khuzaa and Bani Bakr tribes to leave Makkah.
Khuzaa claimed that Halal had wanted Qudsai to shoulder the ulershp and custodianship of Makkah and Al Kabbah.
Halil had appointed an agent to look after the custodianship of Al Kabbah hwihc was given to his daughter Hobba. Qudsai had traded the custodianship for a leather bag of wine which made the Juzaa not happy about the deal so did not allow the custodianship go closer to Qudsai. But later Qudsai with the help of Quraish and Kinana sent the Khuzaa away from Makkah.
After Qudsai, Qureish took over the cabsolute sutodianship and rulership of Makkah and Al kabbah.
An achievement of Qudsai was he built an nadwa house for meetings which helped the Quresh to have meetings at a later date.
Qudsai enjoyed some of the honours such as presiding in the annabwa house, issues on war, door keeping of Ala kabbah, providing water and food to the pilgrims,
Qudsai singled out his younger son to take upon the duties after him and the sons abided with the wishes of their father, however it was not the same with the gransons. The responsibilities were later divided between the two brother’s family. And finally the Hashim family it was shoulderred by the Grandfather of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) Abu Abdul Muttalib
Rulership in Pan-Arabia : Rulership in Pan-Arabia Two tribes ruled arabia, the parts of Heerah ruled by the Arabian king of Heerah and Syria ruled by Arabican Ghassanide King, however there were some parts which do not fall under these rulerships.
These tribes were autonomous they chose the heads of the tribes based on collective interests.
Heads of tribes enjoyed privileges during war and peace, total obedience from the tribe. They used to show off their generosity, wisdom and chivalry to the rivals .
They also had 1/4 portions in the spoils of war.
Political situation : Political situation The 3 tribes were chaotic and there was more opporession and unrest among people. The rule of master and slave was prevalent and autocrativ rulership brought about issues on rights of people etc.
People had no proper Kind nor someone who they can go for help and suggestions as a supporter or depend on anyone during hardships.
The rulers of Hijaz were greatly esteemed and respected by the arabs and considered as rulers. They also were looked upon as people from good religious leadership. They looked after the interest of Al Kabah and walked in the code of Ibrahim (ASA). Thye had departments to take care of special responsiblities, however they were very weak to carry forward this responsibility which was evident when they were invaded by Abyssinia.