Slide1 : Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Slide2 : On the Eve of the Revolution ?
Slide3 : Loyalist
Strongholds
Slide4 : Washington’s Headaches Only 1/3 of the colonists were in favor of a war for independence [the other third were Loyalists, and the final third were neutral].
State/colony loyalties.
Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army.
Poor training [until the arrival of Baron von Steuben.
Slide5 : Exports & Imports: 1768-1783
Slide6 : Military Strategies Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line].
Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down]
Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies. The Americans The British Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So.
Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally.
“Divide and Conquer” use the Loyalists.
Slide7 : Phase I: The Northern Campaign [1775-1776]
Slide8 : Bunker Hill (June, 1775) The British suffered over 40% casualties.
Slide9 : Phase II:
NY & PA [1777-1778]
Slide10 : New York City in Flames (1776)
Slide11 : Washington Crossing the Delaware Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851
Slide12 : Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War? A modern-day re-enactment
Slide13 : Phase III: The Southern Strategy [1780-1781]
Slide14 : Britain’s “Southern Strategy” Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South.
Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving.
The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!]
Good US General: Nathanial Greene
Slide15 : The Battle of Yorktown (1781) Count de Rochambeau Admiral De Grasse
Slide16 : Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown: Painted by John Trumbull, 1797 “The World Turned Upside Down!”
Slide17 :
Slide18 : North America After the Treaty of Paris, 1783
Slide19 :
Slide20 : Wholesale Price Index: 1770-1789
Slide21 : Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist Strongholds at the End of the War
Slide22 : Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation A unicameral Congress [9 of 13 votes to pass a law].
13 out of 13 to amend.
Representatives were frequently absent.
Could not tax or raise armies.
No executive or judicial branches.
Slide23 : State Constitutions Republicanism.
Most had strong governors with veto power.
Most had bicameral legislatures.
Property required for voting.
Some had universal white male suffrage.
Most had bills of rights.
Many had a continuation of state-established religions while others disestablished religion.
Slide24 : Occupational Composition of Several State Assemblies in the 1780s
Slide25 : Indian Land Cessions: 1768-1799
Slide26 : Disputed Territorial Claims Between Spain & the U. S.: 1783-1796
Slide27 : State Claims to Western Lands
Slide28 : Northwest Ordinance of 1785
Slide29 : The United States in 1787
Slide30 : American Exports, To & From Britain: 1783-1789
Slide31 : Annapolis Convention (1786) 12 representatives from 5 states [NY, NJ, PA, DE, VA]
GOAL address barriers that limited trade and commerce between the states.
Not enough states were represented to make any real progress.
Sent a report to the Congress to call a meeting of all the states to meet in Philadelphia to examine areas broader than just trade and commerce.
Slide32 : Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-7 Daniel Shays
Western MA
Small farmers angered by crushing debts and taxes.
Slide33 : Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-7
Slide34 : Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-7 There could be no stronger evidence of the want of energy in our governments than these disorders. -- George Washington