Slide 1 : 01 BBIPL Presents ANGIOSPERMIC FAMILIES
Floral Diagram (F.D.) : Floral Diagram (F.D.) It is ground plan of a flower or cross-section of flower is represented by means of F.D. or by this method, many characteristics of floral parts and symmetry can be represented in a graphic form.
Floral Diagram (F.D.) : Floral Diagram (F.D.) Floral Diagram (F.D.)
Cannot exhibit the nature of ovary
(epigynous or paragynous or hypogynous)
Systems of plant classifications : Systems of plant classifications Many systems of classification of plants have been proposed by different authors—those classifications may belong to one of the three types such as
(1) Artificial = Theophrastus, Linnaeus, John Ray
(2) natural and = de Candolle, Benthem and Hooker
(3) phylogenetic= Hutchinson, Engler and Prantl
Slide 6 : What is the position of ovary in a perigypous flower ?
2. How do you differentiate between hypogynous and epigynous ?
Slide 7 : 1. Half superior or half inferior.
A. 2. In hypogynous flowers the ovary in superior while in epigynous flower it is inferior.
Slide 8 : 3. What is the difference between axile and free central placentation?
Slide 9 : A. In axile placentation the ovules are arranged on a central axis but in free central placentation the ovules are borne on the central growth from the bottom of the ovary.
Slide 10 : 4. Name the family with descendingly imbricate aestivation of corolla
Slide 11 : A. Fabaceae or Papilionaceae.
Slide 12 : 5. When there are four petals arranged in the form of a cross, then what is the name given to such corolla?
Slide 13 : A. Cruciform corolla
Slide 14 : 6. When the filament of the stamen is attached to the back of the anther at a point, it is said to be.
Slide 15 : A. Versatile.
Slide 16 : 7. When the anthers are united into a bundle and the filaments are free the condition is known as?
Slide 17 : A. Syngenesious = feature of most advanced dicot family
Slide 18 : 8. What is the term given to the arrangement of sepals and petals with respect to each other in a floral bud?
Slide 19 : A. Aeastivation.
Slide 20 : 9. Differentiate the posterior and anterior sides of flower.
Slide 21 : A. Side of the flower towards the stem axis is called the posterior side and the side towards the bract is the anterior side .
Slide 22 : 10. Mention the plant which show Cohesion and adhesion of stamen
Slide 23 : A. Tridax.
Slide 24 : 11. Achlamydeous flwers are with?
Slide 25 : Brightly coloured enlarged petal like bracts called petaloid bracts and lacking sepala and petals.
Eg: Bougainvillea. Poinsettia, Euphorbia
Slide 26 : 12. What is the morphological nature of epicalyx. Mention family (any plant) that shows epicalyx.
Slide 27 : Epicalyx is morphologically equal to bracteoles. Eg: Malvaceae
Hibiscus rosa sinensis
Slide 28 : 13. What are the small modified bracts seen in the spikelet of graminae or poaceae?
Slide 29 : A. Glumes
Slide 30 : 14.In a flower there are four stamens of which two are short and the other two are long. Name such condition and family?
Slide 31 : A. Didynamous of Lamiaceae (Labiateae).
Slide 32 : 15. Of the six stamens of a flower two are short and the remaining four are long. What do you call such condition? Name the family.
Slide 33 : A. Tetradynamous.
Slide 34 : 16. What is synandrium? Mention any two plants which show such a structure
Slide 35 : A. Synandrium is a structure that is formed by the complete fusion of filaments and anther of an androecium.
(Eg. :Benincasa, Colocasia).
Slide 36 : 17. What is adelphy ?
Slide 37 : A. Fusion of filaments of a flower.
Slide 38 : Polyadelphy
Slide 39 : 18. What is meant by Cauliflory ?
Slide 40 : A. Production of flowers on old stem from dormant buds.
Slide 41 : 19. Name the composite structure formed by the union of anthers and the stigma?
Slide 42 : A. Gynostegium
Slide 43 : 19. The gynoecium of a flower has many carpels and they are completely free from one another. By what single term you call such condition?
Slide 44 : A. Apocarpous condition.
Slide 45 : 20. What fruit will form by apocarpous condition?
Slide 46 : A. Etaerio or fruitlets.
Major families : Major families Dicotyledonous :
Brassicaceae
Fabaceae
Asterceae
Solanaceae
Monocotyledonous:
Liliaceae
Poaceae
Brassicaceae : Brassicaceae The plants of this family are cosmopolitan in distribution, although mostly in temperate or cold regions.
Important plants of this family in India are- Brassica, Raphanus, lberis (Candytuft), Nasturtium etc. Phanerogams
Dicotyledones
Polypetalae
Thalamiflorae
Parietales
Nasturtium
Brassicaceae
Iberis amara : Iberis amara Brassica Brassicaceae
Chief Vegetative Features : Chief Vegetative Features Plants are mostly annual or perennial herbs.
A pungent watery juice is present in plants.
Tap root which becomes fleshy due to storage of food materials.
Presence of oil secreting glands containing Myrosin enzyme is the important anatomical feature. Brassicaceae is characterized by the presence of glucosinolates, which contain sulphur. When these compounds react with myrosinase (contained in specialized spherical myrosin cells) they release hot pungent mustard oils.
Cyanogenic (Capable of producing hydrogen cyanide) Brassicaceae
Floral features : Floral features Inflorescence
Generally racemose, corymb or Corymbose raceme, (raceme with pedicels of different length).
Flowers
Generally ebracteate, pedicillate, bisexual or hermaphrodite, actinomorphic (rarely
zygomorphic as in Iberis), hypogynous, tetramerous. Brassicaceae
Floral features : Floral features Calyx. Sepals 4, distinct and polysepalous.
Corolla. Petals 4, distinct, often forming a cross, often with an elongate claw and abruptly spreading limb, imbricate or convolute. Brassicaceae
Floral features : Androecium. Stamens (2– 6), or numerous, all ± the same length or the 2 outer shorter than the 4 inner long (tetradynamous); filaments elongate to rather short, distinct, or connate in pairs; pollen grains usually tricolporate. Floral features Brassicaceae
Tetradynamous condition : Tetradynamous condition
Floral features : Gynaecium. Carpels usually 2 connate ovary superior with parietal placentaion often connected by a false septum, replum (a thin partition lacking vascular tissue) that divides the ovary into 2 chambers, stigma capitate sometimes bilobed. Ovules 1 to numerous on each placenta and anatropous to campylotropous. Nectar disk or gland is usually present. Floral features Brassicaceae
Bilocular Parietal Placentation : Bilocular Parietal Placentation Brassicaceae
Floral features : Floral features Fruit
Siliqua (Dry dehiscent fruit formed by bicarpellary syncarpous gynaecium with replum) or silicula (when siliqua is condensed, e.g., Capsella) Brassicaceae
Silicula of Capsella : Silicula of Capsella Brassicaceae
Floral formula : Floral formula Brassicaceae
Slide 60 : Brassicaceae
Slide 61 : Oil secreting glands or cells in vegetative parts of the plants.
Inflorescence- Racemose corymb.
Cruciform (X-shaped) corolla- hence named Cruciferae
Tetradynamous condition of androecium.
Bicarpellary, syncarpous gynaecium with parietal placentation.
Presence of false septum or replum in ovary.
Fruit is siliqua. Distinguishing Features of the Family Brassicaceae
Economic Importance of Family : Economic Importance of Family The members of this family are sources of vegetables (food), oils, medicines, spices and some are ornamentals.
Vegetables (Food)
1. Brassica campestris var. sarson (Pili Sarson)-Tender shoots are used as source of vegetable (Sarson Ka Saag).
2. B. oleracea var. botrytis (Cauliflower or Phul gobhi)- Underdeveloped inflorescence is used as source of vegetable. Brassicaceae
B. oleracea var. botrytis : B. oleracea var. botrytis Brassicaceae
Slide 64 : B. oleracea var. capitata (Cabbage or Band gobhi)- Leafy buds are source of
vegetable.
B. oleracea var. caulorapa (gongylodes)- (Knol-Khol or Ganth gobhi)- Thickened
fleshy stem is source of vegetable. Brassicaceae
B. oleracea var. caulorapa : B. oleracea var. caulorapa B. oleracea var. capitata Brassicaceae
Slide 66 : 5. Brassica rapa (Turnip or Shalgam)- Fleshy roots are eaten.
6. Raphanus sativus (Radish or Mooli)- Fleshy roots and pods are sources of vegetable.
Oils
1. Brassica campestris Seeds are source of Colza oil (Sarson Ka Tel). Brassicaceae
Brassica rapa : Brassica rapa Brassicaceae
Slide 68 : 2. Brassica napus or B. campestris var. toria- Seeds are source of Indian rape oil or Tel toria.
3. Brassica juncea (Indian mustard or Rye)- Seeds produce oil.
4. Brassica alba and B. nigra- (White mustard and Black mustard or Kali Rye). Brassicaceae
Brassica juncea Rye : Brassica juncea Rye Brassica napus or B. campestris Brassicaceae
Slide 70 : 5. Eruca sativa (Taramira)-Taramira oil is obtained from seeds, which is used as a cooking medium.
After extraction of oil from all these seeds, oil cake is left, which is nutritious cattle feed and is also used as fertilizer. Brassicaceae
Arabidopsis thaliana , most worked out and used plant in Human Genome project and genetic engineering is a member of Brassicaceae. : Arabidopsis thaliana , most worked out and used plant in Human Genome project and genetic engineering is a member of Brassicaceae. Brassicaceae
Slide 72 : This family is divided in to 3 sub-families—
These 3 sub-families of Leguminosae thus can be distinguished on the basis of corolla and androecium. Fabaceae Phanerogams
Dicotyledones
Polypetalae
Calyciflorae
Rosales
Fabaceae