L 1 : L 1 Scope of Biology
The living world
Understanding life & processes A presentation of BBIPL
bisbioin@gmail.com : bisbioin@gmail.com Dr S Biswas & Dr Aman Biswas PMT
BIOLOGY CLASSES
Binomial Nomenclature : Binomial Nomenclature In 1753 Linnaeus substituted the polynomial nomenclature
Binomial Nomenclature : Binomial Nomenclature Two names
Genus name
or generic name
Species name
or specific name
Third element…..the author Species name
Generic names : Generic names Mangifera indica
What is a Generic name ? : What is a Generic name ? Latinized noun
Always with initial capital letter
Once used, can be abbreviated
Can be taken from any source (ICBN)
Hepatica for liver shaped leaves
Linnaea for Linnaeus
In italics or underlined when written
What do you understand by specific epithet ? : What do you understand by specific epithet ? From any source
Often adjective…distinguishing a character
Written in small letters
In italics or underlined when written
Author : Author Not underlined
Name of person
After generic and specific epithets
Trinomial nomenclature : Trinomial nomenclature Three worded
In addition…. a subspecies or a variety
Italicized or underlined
Infraspecific taxon is called race
It may consists of…
Species
Subspecies
Variety
Form
Let us consider some examples : Let us consider some examples Homo sapiens sapiens….. Human
Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephalus .. Bald eagle
Corvus splendens splendens … Indian crow
Corvus splendens protegatus… Srilankan crow
Corvus splendens isolens … Burmese crow
The taxonomic Hierarchy : The taxonomic Hierarchy C. Linnaeus
Mr. Flower Power Arranging organism into
an ascending series of groups
called hierarchial system of classification.
Slide 12 : In the Linnaen system, species are grouped into higher taxonomic categories.
Today we make use of at least these seven obligatory categories : Today we make use of at least these seven obligatory categories
Slide 14 : To remember the sequence of these categories you may memorize these sentences.
Keep Pots Clean Or Family Gets Sick
Another way to remember : Another way to remember King Philip Cut Open Five Green Snakes
Obligatory category : Obligatory category Species
Taxonomic studies take into consideration a group of individual organisms which can interbreed among themselves.
One is able to distinguish one species from the other closely related species based on the unique morphological differences.
Slide 17 : Few examples of species ….
Arabidopsis thaliana (mouse ear cress plant )
Slide 18 : Helianthus annus (sunflower)
Slide 19 : Mangifera indica
(mango)
Slide 20 : Solanum tuberosum (potato) and
Slide 21 : Panthera leo
(lion).
Slide 22 : In all the names…
thaliana,
annus,
indica,
tuberosum and
leo
represent the specific epithets
Slide 23 : While the first words….
Arabidopsis,
Helianthus,
Mangifera,
Solanum and
Panthera
are genera and represents the next level of taxon or category.
Slide 24 : Each genus may have one or more than one specific epithets
Canis lupus (for wolf)
Canis familiaris (for dog)
Slide 25 : Panthera tigris (for tiger) Panthera leo (for lion)
Slide 26 : Solanum melongena (egg plant). Solanum nigrum
(a weed)
Slide 27 : Human beings belong to the species - sapiens which is grouped in the genus Homo. Smile of a Homo sapiens.
Genus : Genus The aggregation of closely related species