Solaris 10 Administration

Solaris 10 Administration : Solaris 10 Administration By: Imtiaz Uddin (Neil) Email: imtiaz99@live.com

Index : Index Introduction Hardware & Compatibility Solaris 10 Install on Sun Sparc Booting/Shutdown Procedure Solaris 10 Packages & Patches File Systems Device Management User Management Performance Monitoring Security Backup & Restore Scheduling Jobs Network Management Solaris Volume Manager Jumpstart Users can ask any valid questions in the middle of the session – Enough time would be given for any technical / non-technical questions in the end !

Introduction to Solaris 10 : Introduction to Solaris 10 What is Solaris 10 ? An operating system which emerged from the UNIX operating system family built by Sun Microsystems Inc., Solaris 10 is a freeware UNIX operating system similar to the other UNIX operating systems Linux, AIX, HP-UX, VMware ESX. Easy to understand !

Hardware and Compatibility : Hardware and Compatibility Supports x86 (Intel based) and SPARC based servers Mostly deals with Sun entry level, Midrange and high end servers. Entry Level: Sun Ultra 80, V120, Netra Servers Midrange: Sun V240, V440, V890 High End: Sun Fire E6900, E10K, E25K

Popular Enterprise Sun Servers in Market : Popular Enterprise Sun Servers in Market Sun Fire E25K Sun Fire V440 Sun Fire T2000

Solaris 10 Install on SUN SPARC servers : Solaris 10 Install on SUN SPARC servers Boot the machine to the OK prompt Insert the Solaris 10 OS DVD and run the command: boot cdrom Follow the steps and give values like hostname, IP address, software type, File system sizes etc., Once the OS is installed and rebooted – perform the post installation tasks whichever applicable

Booting / Shutdown Procedure : Booting / Shutdown Procedure PROM runs post POST loads the secondary boot program known as UFSboot UFSboot loads the Solaris Mini kernel. Kernel loads the necessary OS modules Kernel initializes init and runs the /etc/rc.d/S** scripts (Startup scripts) We get the login screen

Solaris Packages / Patches : Solaris Packages / Patches What are Packages ? Packages are set of software tools which can be installed to peform various tasks. Eg: SUNWtop, SUNWzip, SUNWsan What are Patches ? Patches are a combination of packages which are built to enhance the OS performance levels

Solaris File Systems : Solaris File Systems What are File Systems ??? File systems are the partitions (Slices) or Directories which are used for storing data. Data could be application related or just user data. FS Types: ufs, nfs, tmpfs etc., Command for file system creation: #newfs

Solaris Device Management : Solaris Device Management Coming to Solaris – Disks are designed and formatted with partitions known as Slices, starting from 0 to 7., Where: 0 ? / (Root file system) 1 ? swap file system (Which is the system RAM) 2 ? Represents the layout of the whole disk 3 ? Unused file system 4 ? Unused file system

Solaris Device Management Contd., : 5 ? /usr (Holds all the commands and application data) 6 ? /var (Holds temporary log files) 7 ? /opt (Holds all the third party softwares “ Once a new disk is inserted in the Sun server, it is brought into the Solaris control and used for storing data after building a valid file system on it.” Solaris Device Management Contd.,

Solaris User Management : Solaris User Management Users and Groups are usually created on various other operating systems – Similarly users and groups are created in Solaris OS using useradd and groupadd commands. Administrative users like root have all the privileges while normal users cannot perform / run all the Solaris commands.

Performance Monitoring : Process Management - ps, prstat Memory Management – swap, /tmp Disk usages – df, du Other commands include: iostat, cfgadm, dmesg, vmstat, ps Performance Monitoring

Solaris 10: Security : Solaris 10: Security When it comes to security – Solaris has a much advanced security mechanism which makes the Solaris 10 OS more powerful and secure. There are many hidden features in the Solaris OS which are not visible to any normal users and needs lot of understanding to implement them.

Solaris 10: Security Contd… : Security features like: FTP, Telnet, Rlogin, some of the OS services being disabled and much more. Secure Shell (Sun SSH) – built-in utility in the Solaris 10 OS which allows a user to login to any sun server securely using the cryptographic security mechanism which doesn’t allow hacking or any private data loss. Solaris 10: Security Contd…

Solaris Backup & Restore : Solaris Backup & Restore Users can perform backups and restores in Solaris using the ufsdump and ufsrestore commands. Backups can be taken and restored from tape drives connected to the server directly or remotely using the above tools. Backup topologies include Full & Incremental.

Solaris Scheduling Jobs : Solaris Scheduling Jobs Solaris has a very nice feature of scheduling jobs with two of its built in tools: Cron (Schedule jobs at anytime) AT (Onetime schedule and execution of a job) Cron is mostly used and run using this command: crontab –e (e = edit)

Solaris 10: Network Management : Solaris 10: Network Management Sun servers come up with onboard network connections and also allow us to add more network adaptors to the server for advanced networking. Command: ifconfig –a (Shows network connections) “ Sun servers also support serial console access during server maintenance tasks and any upgrades when the server has no network connectivity.”

Solaris Volume Manager : Solaris Volume Manager Solaris has its built in utility known as Solaris Volume Manager also known as SVM. SVM helps users store their data in an organized way using the various storage concepts like RAID Mgmt. Raid Levels include: 0, 1, 1+0, Raid 5

Solaris Jumpstart Install : Solaris Jumpstart Install Jumpstart or Kickstart ??? Jumpstart is an advanced technique in the Solaris Operating system used for installing 10 – 50 servers at one shot ! Jumpstart install is of two types: Custom Install Webstart Flash Install

Solaris 10: Jumpstart Install Contd… : Custom Jumpstart: Uses less time with much automation. FLASH install: Uses less time with less automation and easy to understand. FLAR files (ISO images) are created from the OS and these flar files are pushed onto its clients needing the OS install. Solaris 10: Jumpstart Install Contd…

Examples of Datacenter Support : Examples of Datacenter Support Ensuring 24 / 7 mission critical server support. Monitoring servers for any performance issues. User needs to be created / modified. Security for server logins & data transfer. Hardware replacements (Eg: Disk replacement,CPU replacement, etc.,) Monitoring storage connected to the server locally or remotely. Adhoc backups and restores.

Slide 23 : QUESTIONS ??? QUESTIONS ??? Things which I have not covered: Service Management Facility Solaris Containers (Zones)

Sun Microsystems – We support Datacenters !! : Sun Microsystems – We support Datacenters !! Thank You & Bye !