Slide 1 : THE SEVENTEENTH AND EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES
Slide 2 : NATIVE AMERICANS IN PRE-COLUMBIAN NORTH AMERICA
Slide 3 : Between 1 million and 5 million Native Americans lived in modern Canada and the United States
Slide 4 : Tribes were independent of each other and often competed for the same natural resources
Slide 5 : Difficult to unite against Europeans
Slide 6 : THE EARLY COLONIAL ERA: SPAIN COLONIZES THE NEW WORLD
Slide 7 : Columbus returned to Spain and reported the existence of a rich New World with easy-to-subjugate natives
Slide 8 : During the next century, Spain was the colonial power
Slide 9 : Advanced weaponry and incredible ruthlessness of the conquistadors
Slide 10 : Spanish Armada made it difficult for other countries to send their own expeditions.
Slide 11 : conquistadors enslaved the natives and attempted to erase their culture and supplant it with Catholicism
Slide 12 : Europeans were "carriers" of small pox
Slide 13 : THE ENGLISH ARRIVE
Slide 14 : The “Lost Colony”
Slide 15 : Sir Walter Raleigh sponsored a settlement on Roanoke Island
Slide 16 : By 1590 the colony had disappeared
Slide 17 : In 1606 they settled Jamestown
Slide 18 : joint-stock company: a group of investors who bought the right to establish New World plantations from the king
Slide 19 : company was called the Virginia Company
Slide 20 : English gentlemen, were ill-suited to the many adjustments life in the New World required
Slide 21 : Captain John Smith imposed harsh martial law
Slide 22 : "He who will not work shall not eat."
Slide 23 : During the starving time of 1609 and 1610, some resorted to cannibalism
Slide 24 : Powhatan Confederacy taught the English what crops to plant and how to plant them
Slide 25 : 1614, Pocahontas, the daughter of the chief, married planter John Rolfe
Slide 26 : English forgot their debt to the Powhatan as soon as they needed more land
Slide 27 : Powhatan Confederacy was destroyed by English in 1644.
Slide 28 : John Rolfe introduced the cash crop of tobacco
Slide 29 : Indians showed him how
Slide 30 : Tobacco’s success largely determined the fate of the Virginia region
Slide 31 : Area came to be known as the Chesapeake (named after the bay)
Slide 32 : Why emigrate?
Slide 33 : Overpopulation in England had led to widespread famine, disease, and poverty
Slide 34 : Opportunity provided by indentured servitude
Slide 35 : Indentured servants received a small piece of property with their freedom, thus enabling them (1) to survive, and (2) to vote
Slide 36 : In 1619 Virginia established the House of Burgesses, in which any property-holding, white male could vote
Slide 37 : THE PILGRIMS AND THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COMPANY
Slide 38 : Protestant movement called Puritanism arose in England
Slide 39 : Wanted to purify the corrupt Anglican Church
Slide 40 : One Puritan group called Separatists left England and went to Holland
Slide 41 : In 1620 they set sail for Virginia Mayflower, went off course and they landed in modern-day Massachusetts
Slide 42 : Mayflower Compact created a legal authority and an assembly. It asserted that the government's power derives from the consent of the governed
Slide 43 : Pilgrims received life-saving assistance from local Native Americans
Slide 44 : 1629: a larger and more powerful colony called Massachusetts Bay was established by Congregationalists (Puritans who wanted to reform the Anglican church from within )
Slide 45 : Separatists and the Congregationalists did not tolerate religious freedom in their colonies, even though both had experienced and fled religious persecution.
Slide 46 : Roger Williams, a teacher in the Salem Bay settlement, taught that church and state should be separate Puritans banished Williams
Slide 47 : He moved to modern-day Rhode Island and founded a new colony
Slide 48 : Anne Hutchinson was a prominent proponent of antinomianism
Slide 49 : antinomianism faith and God's grace suffice to earn one a place among the "elect."
Slide 50 : She was tried for heresy, convicted, and banished
Slide 51 : The death of Cromwell (1658)
Slide 52 : English settlers in New England and the Chesapeake differed considerably
Slide 53 : New Englanders were definitely more religious
Slide 54 : OTHER EARLY COLONIES
Slide 55 : Connecticut Valley, a fertile region with lots of access to the sea
Slide 56 : Pequots attacked a settlement in Wakefield and killed nine colonists
Slide 57 : Massachusetts Bay Colony retaliated by burning the main Pequot village, killing 400, many of them women and children
Slide 58 : This was the “Pequot War”
Slide 59 : Proprietorships: owned by one person, who usually received the land as a gift from the king Connecticut was one such colony
Slide 60 : Maryland was another, granted to Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore
Slide 61 : Maryland became a haven of religious tolerance for all Christians, and it became the first major Catholic enclave in the New World
Slide 62 : New York was also a royal gift Some of the area was a Dutch settlement called New Netherland
Slide 63 : The Quakers received their own colony. William Penn, a Quaker, was a close friend of King Charles II, and Charles granted Penn what became Pennsylvania
Slide 64 : Carolina was also a proprietary colony, which ultimately split in two
Slide 65 : North Carolina, which was settled by Virginians, developed into a Virginia-like colony
Slide 66 : South Carolina was settled by the descendants of Englishmen who had colonized Barbados
Slide 67 : Their arrival truly marked the beginning of the slave era in the colonies.
Slide 68 : Triangular trade routes Slaves to sugar plantations, sugar to distillers in colonies, rum and such to Europe
Slide 69 : Eventually, most of the proprietary colonies were converted to royal colonies (owned by the crown)
Slide 70 : THE AGE OF SALUTARY NEGLECT (1650 TO 1750) Also “Benign Neglect”
Slide 71 : British too busy with other problems to keep close rein on colonies
Slide 72 : ENGLISH REGULATION OF COLONIAL TRADE Mercantilists believed that economic power was rooted in a favorable balance of trade. American colonies were seen primarily as markets for British and West Indian goods.
Slide 73 : Navigation Acts required the colonists to buy goods only from England and prohibited the colonies from manufacturing a number of goods that England already produced
Slide 74 : MAJOR EVENTS OF THE PERIOD Consult your “laundry list”
Slide 75 : LIFE IN THE COLONIES Population in 1700 was 250,000; by 1750, that number was 1,250,000
Slide 76 : Over 90 percent-lived in rural areas Children and women were completely subordinate to men! (Great Idea!!)
Slide 77 : Children's education had to be fit in around their work schedules
Slide 78 : Married women were not allowed to vote, own property, draft a will, or testify in court.
Slide 79 : Slaves often developed extended-kinship ties and strong communal bonds to cope with the misery of servitude and the possibility that their nuclear families might be separated by sale
Slide 80 : New England society centered on trade. Boston was the colonies' major port city
Slide 81 : The middle colonies-New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey-had more fertile land and so focused primarily on farming
Slide 82 : The lower South (the Carolinas) concentrated on such cash crops as tobacco and rice
Slide 83 : Majority of Southerners were subsistence farmers who had no slaves
Slide 84 : Colonies on the Chesapeake combined features of the middle colonies and the lower South
Slide 85 : Colonies were hardly a unified whole as they approached the events that led them to rebel