Solaris 10 Administration : Solaris 10 Administration By: Imtiaz Uddin (Neil)
Introduction to Solaris 10 : Introduction to Solaris 10 What is Solaris 10 ?
An operating system which emerged from the UNIX operating system family built by Sun Microsystems Inc.,
Solaris 10 is a freeware UNIX operating system similar to the other UNIX operating systems Linux, AIX, HP-UX, VMware ESX.
Easy to understand !
Hardware and Compatibility : Hardware and Compatibility Supports x86 (Intel based) and SPARC based servers
Mostly deals with Sun entry level, Midrange and high end servers.
Entry Level: Sun Ultra 80, V120, Netra Servers
Midrange: Sun V240, V440, V890
High End: Sun Fire E6900, E10K, E25K
Solaris 10 Install on SUN SPARC servers : Solaris 10 Install on SUN SPARC servers Boot the machine to the OK prompt
Insert the Solaris 10 OS DVD and run the command: boot cdrom
Follow the steps and give values like hostname, IP address, software type, File system sizes etc.,
Once the OS is installed and rebooted – perform the post installation tasks whichever applicable
Booting / Shutdown Procedure : Booting / Shutdown Procedure PROM runs post
POST loads the secondary boot program known as UFSboot
UFSboot loads the Solaris Mini kernel.
Kernel loads the necessary OS modules
Kernel initializes init and runs the /etc/rc.d/S** scripts (Startup scripts)
We get the login screen
Solaris 10 Packages / Patches : Solaris 10 Packages / Patches What are Packages ?
Packages are set of software tools which can be installed to peform various tasks.
Eg: SUNWtop, SUNWzip, SUNWsan
What are Patches ?
Patches are a combination of packages which are built to enhance the OS performance levels
Solaris 10: File Systems : Solaris 10: File Systems What are File Systems ???
File systems are the partitions (Slices) or Directories which are used for storing data. Data could be application related or just user data.
FS Types: ufs, nfs, tmpfs etc.,
Command for file system creation: #newfs
Solaris 10: Device Management : Solaris 10: Device Management Coming to Solaris – Disks are designed and formatted with partitions known as Slices, starting from 0 to 7., Where:
0 ? / (Root file system)
1 ? swap file system (Which is the system RAM)
2 ? Represents the layout of the whole disk
3 ? Unused file system
4 ? Unused file system
Solaris 10: Device Management : 5 ? /usr (Holds all the commands and application data)
6 ? /var (Holds temporary log files)
7 ? /opt (Holds all the third party softwares
“ Once a new disk is inserted in the Sun server, it is brought into the Solaris control and used for storing data after building a valid file system on it.” Solaris 10: Device Management
Solaris 10: User Management : Solaris 10: User Management Users and Groups are usually created on various other operating systems – Similarly users and groups are created in Solaris OS using useradd and groupadd commands.
Administrative users like root have all the privileges while normal users cannot perform / run all the Solaris commands.
Solaris 10: Security : Solaris 10: Security When it comes to security – Solaris has a much advanced security mechanism which makes the Solaris 10 OS more powerful and secure.
There are many hidden features in the Solaris OS which are not visible to any normal users and needs lot of understanding to implement them.
Solaris 10: Security Contd… : Security features like: FTP, Telnet, Rlogin, some of the OS services being disabled and much more.
Secure Shell (Sun SSH) – built-in utility in the Solaris 10 OS which allows a user to login to any sun server securely using the cryptographic security mechanism which doesn’t allow hacking or any private data loss. Solaris 10: Security Contd…
Solaris 10: Backup & Restore : Solaris 10: Backup & Restore Users can perform backups and restores in Solaris using the ufsdump and ufsrestore commands.
Backups can be taken and restored from tape drives connected to the server directly or remotely using the above tools.
Backup topologies include Full & Incremental.
Solaris 10: Scheduling Jobs : Solaris 10: Scheduling Jobs Solaris has a very nice feature of scheduling jobs with two of its built in tools:
Cron (Schedule jobs at anytime)
AT (Onetime schedule and execution of a job)
Cron is mostly used and run using this command: crontab –e (e = edit)
Solaris 10: Network Management : Solaris 10: Network Management Sun servers come up with onboard network connections and also allow us to add more network adaptors to the server for advanced networking.
Command: ifconfig –a (Shows network connections)
“ Sun servers also support serial console access during server maintenance tasks and any upgrades when the server has no network connectivity.”
Solaris Volume Manager : Solaris Volume Manager Solaris has its built in utility known as Solaris Volume Manager also known as SVM.
SVM helps users store their data in an organized way using the various storage concepts like RAID Mgmt.
Raid Levels include: 0, 1, 1+0, Raid 5
Solaris 10: Jumpstart Install : Solaris 10: Jumpstart Install Jumpstart or Kickstart ???
Jumpstart is an advanced technique in the Solaris Operating system used for installing 10 – 50 servers at one shot !
Jumpstart install is of two types:
Custom Install
Webstart Flash Install
Solaris 10: Jumpstart Install Contd… : Custom Jumpstart:
Uses less time with much automation.
FLASH install:
Uses less time with less automation and easy to understand. FLAR files (ISO images) are created from the OS and these flar files are pushed onto its clients needing the OS install. Solaris 10: Jumpstart Install Contd…
Slide 19 : QUESTIONS ??? QUESTIONS ???
Sun Microsystems – We support Datacenters !! : Sun Microsystems – We support Datacenters !! Thank You & Bye !