M3.10 PDC+++ : M3.10 PDC+++ At about the time humankind discovered agriculture, forests covered about 50% of the land area on planet Earth. Now they barely cover some 30%, & falling. This is now the single most urgent physical repairing of the environment we need to engage in, as forests are so vital for every aspect of life on Earth, safeguarding the vital cycles of air, water, earth, stabilizing the local & global climate, creating soil & habitats for a huge number of species, sustaining entire economies & our health. Forests play a key vital role on many levels as they are so basic & even primal for humans. In this class we get intimately acquainted with Forests, their make-up, how they work & especially we learn how to design Forest Gardens: our future human habitat, if we are to survive & thrive as humans of the an integral exploration PDC + + + M3.10 Forest Gardens
PowerPoint Presentation : Importance of Forests Forest Mythologies How to Design Edible Forests Examples of Forest Gardens Re-Storying - WoodLand of the Future M3.10 Forest Gardens an integral exploration
Wangari Maathai : Wangari Maathai "Until you dig a hole, plant a tree, you water it & you make it survive, you haven't done a thing. You're just talking" It's a matter of life and death for this country. The Kenyan forests are facing extinction and it is a man-made problem.
PowerPoint Presentation : Importance of Forests Forest Mythologies How to Design Edible Forests Examples of Forest Gardens Re-Storying - WoodLand of the Future M3.10 Forest Gardens an integral exploration
PowerPoint Presentation : 5 Forest importance Alter runoff Prevent soil erosion Negative ionization That atracts Positive ions Biomass, Interaccions Safeguard from the wind Increase rainfall, Modify Weather conditions Transpiration Products
PowerPoint Presentation : 6
Wind-Forest interaction : Wind-Forest interaction
Rain-Forest interaction : Rain-Forest interaction
PowerPoint Presentation : Rain-Forest interaction Trough gas exchange, forest keep and oxigenate atmosphere and an Active water-vapour cycle essential for life. Hot and dry air Cold and humid air Cooled and humidified Heated, dehumidified And released by the tree crowns Winds deflected over the forest cause compresion in the streamlines of the wind, So there are more water vapour per volume and the air is cooled. Both conditions are conducive to rain.
PowerPoint Presentation : The impact on the canopy Causes evaporation and don't Reach the ground directly Avoiding erosion Trees intercept rain. Till all Leaves are wet no droplet reach The ground.
Forest-weather interaction : Forest-weather interaction Condensation Rehumidification of streamlines Evaporation takes place in the costs and air currents carry the moist air when it hit the tops of the trees form water droplets. condensation can reach 80-86% of Total rainfals. Forest create clouds. This water is richer in nutrients that come from the forest. Transpiration The release of water through the Pores of trees and other plants
PowerPoint Presentation : temperature down 3-5 degrees C air humidity up 10% cloud cover up 11.5% rainfall up 25% 137 species of birds (up from 5) 9 species of primates 3000 people getting income Lestari project class 3.2
CO2 + H2O + sun/chlorophyll -> O2 + C6H12O6 : CO2 + H2O + sun/chlorophyll -> O2 + C6H12O6 Forest are Carbon sinks & Energy generators
PowerPoint Presentation :
PowerPoint Presentation : Importance of Forests Forest Mythologies How to Design Edible Forests Examples of Forest Gardens Re-Storying - WoodLand of the Future M3.10 Forest Gardens an integral exploration
The Garden of Eden : The Garden of Eden
the first famous Forest Garden of history? : the first famous Forest Garden of history? The Tree of Knowledge of Good & Evil The Tree of Life
the first famous Forest Garden of history? : the first famous Forest Garden of history? The Tree of Life
The Tree of Life : The Tree of Life BioDiversity & InterConnection
The Garden of the Hesperides : The Garden of the Hesperides
PowerPoint Presentation : Ladon the Dragon protects the Tree of the Golden Apples - the Tree of Life, or of Immortality - a wedding present from Gaia
PowerPoint Presentation : 22 Safeguards very precious, magical things
PowerPoint Presentation : Inspired ancient & modern artists & our imagination because primal & very attractive The Garden of the Hesperides
PowerPoint Presentation : Importance of Forests Forest Mythologies How to Design Edible Forests Examples of Forest Gardens Re-Storying - WoodLand of the Future M3.10 Forest Gardens an integral exploration
Forest Gardens/Edible Woodlands What are they? : Forest Gardens/Edible Woodlands What are they? ecosystems that imitate the structure & functioning of a natural forest but they provide us with food & other resources edible tree, bush & herb species are selected & other support species (wind protection, parasites, leguminous, mulch) Design: aims to become self-maintaining & we will have to do very little maintenance
PowerPoint Presentation : it is only by devolving responsability & self-regulating functions that a stable life system can evolve Policy of Responsibility (to devolve power) The role of a beneficial authority is to devolve function & responsability to life & to people; if it's successful, no more authority is needed. The role of a successful design is to create a system that self-regulates
PowerPoint Presentation : Edible Forest Forest Structure (various levels) Perennial Plants Soil not tilled LOTS of Diversity Products: Fruits, Nuts, Leaves, Wood, Medicine, Beauty Little Maintenance Work High Total Yield Habitat for WildLife
PowerPoint Presentation : Some inportant aspects of Edible Forests Covered Soil Niches for Fauna Aromatic Plants Polyculture Mulch Vegetable Cover Insects, toads, hedgehog, birds,… • Habitat • Food Plants • Water (ponds) • No cats (predators)
PowerPoint Presentation : The 7 Layers: Form or Structure of Edible Forests • Tall Trees • Lower Trees • Shrubs • Herbs • Roots • Soil Cover • Climbers
PowerPoint Presentation : Each one is different (no recepies) in general - use design principles & methodology: Observe, observe, OBSERVE, esp. good complete "client interviews" (careful with who is the 'client/clients' in each case) Accellerate Natural Succession Learn from / Imitate Nature Start very Small Incremental Design etc. Forest Gardens/Edible Woodlands How are they Created?
PowerPoint Presentation : How does the Edible Forest illustrate these Principles? - Stacking - High-Lows - Cycling Energy - Unlimited Imagination - Diversity - Connexion Strategies
PowerPoint Presentation : 32 How it can start “with whatever you've got” Observe the emergent Design or Deduction from Nature Establishing a system: an area is fenced & a mix of species is planted & protected from pasture animals. Only ducks, geese & some annual crops are harvested
PowerPoint Presentation : 33 Incremental Design The system evolves to a semi-mature stage. Chickens are introduced occasionally Observe, OBSERVE, observe adapting all the time, continuously
PowerPoint Presentation : 34 A mature system provides forrage, wood & animal products + is self-sufficient in production of mulch & fertilizer. A mature system requires maintenance more than an input of energy & has a variety of sellable yield. Only Maintenance
PowerPoint Presentation : But there are many other ways... depending on what you've got when starting Eg.. if you already have the canopy or the shrub layer if you need to start by fertilizing the soil & it's appropiate to use chicken tractors starting with guilds small or large scales start with a standard garden ...
PowerPoint Presentation : 36 In the old farm ... we focused on anti-erosio strategies * mini-max * an element (Event) fulfils multiple functions 1) news at the end of the day 2) food for goats 3) prune trees 4) observe finca / design together / client interview 5) sunset viewing 6) water storage 7) anti-erosion structures 8) wildlife refuges 9) wood stores (twigs) 10) physical excercise * problem is the solution goat rutine every day gets boring ... ... multifunction * fluctuations completely different situation to now ...
PowerPoint Presentation : But in the new farm ... we focused on designing the gardens (food!) Creating a Garden of Eden starting with OUR particular conditions & characteristics
PowerPoint Presentation : < The Vision > The Mission < Methodology Principles
PowerPoint Presentation : < 2005 < Chicken Tractored 2006 Starting > > 2006 > Lots of food > < Sara designed & implemented the first phase of the garden 2010 2009 < now Semi-Forest
PowerPoint Presentation : Importance of Forests Forest Mythologies How to Design Edible Forests > Part 2 Examples of Forest Gardens Re-Storying - WoodLand of the Future M3.10 Forest Gardens an integral exploration > Part 2