BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY : BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY Gildiane Queen E. Mantilla
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY : BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY The different branches of philosophy are: 1. metaphysics 2. epistemology 3. axiology 4. logic
Metaphysics : Metaphysics Metaphysics traces its origin from Aristotle who first introduced it as meta ta physika , “with the thing of nature” Metaphysics basically deals with the nature of being and reality.
PowerPoint Presentation : …It attempts to explain a person’s most fundamental concepts such as substance, existence, essence, truth space, time, causation, and the nature of God as well as… -the origin and purpose of the universe, -the nature and purpose of a person’s existence, -the problem of the relation of body and mind, -the problem of freedom, and other philosophical and universal entities. Metaphysics
PowerPoint Presentation : Metaphysics subdivisions: 1. Cosmology 2. Teleology [ 3. Ontology
PowerPoint Presentation : Cosmology Branch of metaphysics which tries to explain the theories, origin , and development of the nature of the cosmos (universe)
PowerPoint Presentation : 2. Teleology Branch of metaphysics which tries to elucidate on subjects pertaining to whether or not there is purpose in the universe.
PowerPoint Presentation : [ 3. Ontology Branch of metaphysics which deals with the meaning of existence, and tries to resolve the question of whether existence is identical with space, time, nature, spirit, or God.
PowerPoint Presentation : The term epistemology originates from the Greek word “episteme”, meaning “Knowledge” / “Science” “Logos”, which means “the study of” Fundamentally, epistemology is concerned with the study of knowledge. EPISTEMOLOGY
PowerPoint Presentation : This branch of philosophy tries to answer fundamental human questions such as What is knowledge? Where does knowledge come from? How do we acquire knowledge of right and wrong? How do we gain knowledge of God? How do we know whether God does or does not exist? EPISTEMOLOGY
PowerPoint Presentation : Epistemology subdivisions: 1. Agnosticism 2. Skepticism [ 3. A posteriori 4. A priori
PowerPoint Presentation : Agnosticism The doctrine that conclusive knowledge of ultimate reality is an outright impossibility It is applied generally to any theory of knowledge which claims that it is impossible for one to attain knowledge of something.
PowerPoint Presentation : 2. Skepticism The doctrine that any true knowledge is impossible or that all knowledge is uncertain. It also means having a questioning attitude toward the possibility of having any knowledge.
PowerPoint Presentation : 3. A posteriori The reasoning that experience comes first and knowledge afterwards. Latin, “ from behind-hand ” The term is used to determine knowledge that comes from experience [ experience →knowledge ]
PowerPoint Presentation : 4. A priori The reasoning that knowledge can be acquired through pure reason alone, independently and perhaps, before experience Latin, “ from beforehand ” [ knowledge → experience ]
PowerPoint Presentation : The area of philosophy that specifically deals with the problem of value. It seeks to rationalize questions like… What is value? What are the important values which are to be desired in living? Are these values rooted in reality? How can these values be realized in our daily experiences? Axiology
PowerPoint Presentation : Axiology subdivisions: 1. Ethics 2. Aestheticis
PowerPoint Presentation : Ethics The practical science that deals with the morality of human action or conduct. The term ethics traces its roots to the Greek word “ethos” , which means “a characteristic way of acting”
PowerPoint Presentation : 2. Aesthetics The science fundamentally concerned with beauty and standards of tests and values especially in art. It is also defined as the science of feeling or sensation. Greek word “Aesthetik”, which means “the one who perceives”
PowerPoint Presentation : Logic is the branch of philosophy that is concerned with the systematic treatment of the relation of ideas. The term “logic” could have been derived either from the Greek word “logia” which means “argument” “logike” meaning “art of reasoning” Logic
PowerPoint Presentation : It is the study of the science and art of correct thinking and correct reasoning. Curiously, this discipline traces its origin to Aristotle who was primarily concerned with ascribing deeper meaning meanings to objects and terms that he encountered. Logic
PowerPoint Presentation : Logic subdivisions: 1. Induction 2. Deduction [ 3. Syllogism 4. Dialectics
PowerPoint Presentation : Induction Reasoning that is done through the process of inferring a general law of principle from the observation of particular instances to a general conclusion.
PowerPoint Presentation : 2. Deduction Reasoning through a process which is the reverse of induction, that is, from a general principle to particulars included within the scope of that principle.
PowerPoint Presentation : 3. Syllogism Argumentation in which a conclusion is derived from the propositions called premises.
PowerPoint Presentation : 4. Dialectics A mean of discovering the truth by proceeding from an assertion or thesis to denial or antithesis finally reconciling the two through synthesis. The synthesis then forms a new thesis and the process is repeated until an ultimate universal synthesis is reacted.
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