Topic # 1What is Science? : Topic # 1What is Science? And what is NOT science?
Ways of Knowing : Ways of Knowing What are the ways that we know things?
How is Science different from other ways?
Is Science Better?
Ways of Knowing : Ways of Knowing Scientific Other Doing Science
Relying on Science done by other people
Math
Observation
Analysis
Experiment and Logic Religion – Divine Authority
Intuition – Internal Authority
Assumption – Human Authority
Belief
Untested theory
Slide 4 : Preconceptions The Scientific Method
History of Science – Part 1 : History of Science – Part 1 Part 1 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AZQ0ohV3fw
Egypt, India, Babylonians – Mathematics, Astronomy
Ancient Greece 3000 – 300 BC
Pre-Socratic Philosophers – first to analyze, not based on religious authorities
– 7th Century BC, Thales of Miletus – “the father of science”
Anaximander – life came from water/mud , humans evolved from lower
Empedocles – discovered air based on straw behavior
Democritus – theorized atoms (“uncutable”)
Eratosthenes – measured size of earth using 2 sticks
Pythagoras – school of applying math to nature
Hereclitus and Paramenidies – philosophy of science
Hippocrates and Galen – scientific approach to medicine
Archimedes – father of physics, calculus
Ptolomy – Earth is center of universe, very accurate
Aristotle - http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/aristotle.html, http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/classes/109N/lectures/aristot2.html, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTsLdRQf1XE
Middle Ages (Dark Ages) 400-1200 AD
Roman Empire had a few developments but science progressed very slowly
Most developments were in the Islamic world – medicine, astronomy, chemistry
Scholasticism tried to reconcile Greek (Aristotle) thought with biblical dogma
History of Science – Part 2 : History of Science – Part 2 Part 2-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vM9RUzYjArs&feature=relmfu
Renaissance (1400 to 1700 AD) – the universe is a rational, comprehensible
St. Thomas Aquinas – “natural theology” – knowing God by studying his creation
Francis Bacon and the Scientific Method – before Bacon, they used Aristotle as the authority on Science
Aristotle viewed things in terms of “telos”
Aristotle was wrong about a lot of things – he did not use the scientific method to test his theories
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYz_K3mwq6A (Aristotle vs. Galileo)
Boyle’s theory of gases
Harvey’s theory of blood circulation
Technology – microscope, telescope, thermometer, printing press, compass
History of Science – Part 3 : History of Science – Part 3 Part 3-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysPas7LKUZw&feature=related
The Scientific Revolution 1500-1600 AD
Astronomy -
Copernicus (1500) (heliocentric – from Aristarchos – 300 BC)
Tycho Brahe (1600)
Johannes Kepler (1600)
Bruno (1550) – postulated life on other planets
Descartes (1600)
Galileo (1500) – improved the telescope
Age of Enlightenment 1700-1900 AD
Isaac Newton (1700) – Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, Mechanism
Development of Modern Chemistry – Priestly, Lavoisier (1800)
Darwin (1850) and modern Biology, Linnaeus
Mendel (1850) - Genetics
History of Modern Science : History of Modern Science The movie “Einstein’s Big Idea”
Complete science history source books and links -http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/science/sciencesbook.asp
Interesting article on women scientists in history - http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/nov/21/royal-society-lost-women-scientists
Canadian Society for History of Science - http://www.yorku.ca/cshps1/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSRWPvCCzWE&feature=related – the Story of Science
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzFweBDef2A – Yale lecture on the Logic of Science
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSYEApgJkh0&feature=relmfu – Yale Organic Chem lecture - good overview of science history
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/science-technology-and-society/sts-003-the-rise-of-modern-science-fall-2010/lecture-notes/ - MIT
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AZQ0ohV3fw
Current Organization of Science : Current Organization of Science Organization -
http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2009/03/maps_of_knowled.php