MODERN TRENDS IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY : MODERN TRENDS IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
MODERN TRENDS IN ROADS CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY : MODERN TRENDS IN ROADS CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY ECONOMIC DEVELOPEMENT
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS
MODERN TREND IN WORLD DEVELOPEMENT : MODERN TREND IN WORLD DEVELOPEMENT Economic development
GDP( Gross Domestic Product) GROWTH
INDIAN GDP growth in past 3 Yrs. : INDIAN GDP growth in past 3 Yrs. Growth Rates of Real GDP(Base Year : 1999-2000) (Per cent) PREDICTION FOR 2007-2008 BY
ADB = 7.6
RBI = 7.5 TO 8.0
ROADS – For the movement of Goods and PeopleECONOMIC GROWTH- is directly related with the quicker movement of goods and people through better roads. : ROADS – For the movement of Goods and PeopleECONOMIC GROWTH- is directly related with the quicker movement of goods and people through better roads.
Slide 6 : PRESENT TREND IN INDIAN ROADS CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Size
India has an extensive road network of 3.3 million kms – the second largest in the world
Roads carry about 61% of the freight and 85% of the passenger traffic
Highways/Expressways constitute about 66,000 kms (2% of all roads) and carry 40% of the road traffic
The Government of India spends about Rs.18000 crores (US $ 4 billion) annually on road development
Slide 7 : PRESENT TREND IN INDIAN ROADS 4. The ambitious National Highway Development Project (NHDP) of the Government is at an advanced stage of implementation. Key sub-projects under the NHDP include:
a. The Golden Quadrilateral (GQ-5846 kms of 4 lane highways)
b. North-South & East-West Corridors (NSEW-7300 kms of 4 lane highways)
5. Program for 4-laning of about 14,000 km of National Highways is underway
The Golden Quadrilateral and NSEW projects : The Golden Quadrilateral and NSEW projects India has the second largest road network in the world
Outlook : Outlook Annual growth projected at 12-15% for passenger traffic, and 15-18% for cargo traffic
Over $50–60 billion investment is required over the next 5 years to improve road infrastructure
Potential : Potential Road development is recognized as essential to sustain India’s economic growth
The Government is planning to increase spends on road development substantially with funding already in place based on a cess on fuel
A large component of highways is to be developed through public-private partnerships
Several high traffic stretches already awarded to private companies on a BOT basis
Two successful BOT models are already in place – the annuity model and the upfront/lumpsum payment model
Potential : Potential 3. Investment opportunities exist in a range of projects being tendered by NHAI for implementing the NHDP
– contracts are for construction or BOT basis depending on the section being tendered.
4. A Rs.41,200 crores (US $ 5 billion) project plans to lay 6 lane roads over 6,500 kms of National Highways on the Design Build Finance and Operate (DBFO) basis – in Golden Quadrilateral and other high traffic stretches.
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT : RESOURCE MANAGEMENT USE OF NEW HIGHER CAPACITY EQUIPMENT
EXCAVATOR
MOTORGRADER
SOIL COMPACTOR
SENSOR PAVER
HOT MIXPLANT
WMM PLANT
CONCRETE BATCHING PLANT
TRANSIT MIXERS
BOOM PLACER
TRAILER TIPPERS
Latest Resources Applications : Latest Resources Applications Drum Mix Plant Available from 15 TPH to 120 TPH Capacity. Wet Mix Macadam PlantAvailable from 60 TPH to 240 TPH Capacity. Paver FinisherPaving width from 2.5 to 9.0 mtr., paving thickness up to 205 mm. Bitumen Pressure Distributor Spraying width from 2.4 to 9 mtr. by extension bar. Road Sweeper Standard sweeping width is 2.135 mtr.
Slide 14 : HISTORY OF ROADS The first indications of constructed roads date from about 4000 BC and consist of stone paved streets at Ur in modern-day Iraq and timber roads preserved in a swamp in Glastonbury, England.
Late 1800s Road BuildersThe road builders of the late 1800s depended solely on stone, gravel and sand for construction. Water would be used as a binder to give some unity to the road surface.
John Metcalfe, a Scot born in 1717, built about 180 miles of roads in Yorkshire, England (even though he was blind). His well drained roads were built with three layers: large stones; excavated road material; and a layer of gravel.
Slide 15 : HISTORY OF ROADS Modern tarred roads were the result of the work of two Scottish engineers, Thomas Telford and John Loudon McAdam. Telford designed the system of raising the foundation of the road in the center to act as a drain for water.
Thomas Telford (born 1757) improved the method of building roads with broken stones by analyzing stone thickness, road traffic, road alignment and gradient slopes. Eventually his design became the norm for all roads everywhere.
John Loudon Macadam (born 1756) designed roads using broken stones laid in symmetrical, tight patterns and covered with small stones to create a hard surface. McAdam's design, called "macadam roads," provided the greatest advancement in road construction.
MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS : MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS SOIL STABILISATION
SUB SURFACE DRAINAGE
USE OF MODIFIED BITUMEN
USE OF WATER BASED EMULSION
USE OF FLY ASH IN CONCRETE
REINFORCED EARTH WALL
QUALITY ASSURANCE CONCEPT
ECONOMICAL DESIGN USING MODERN TECHNOLOGY
MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS : MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS SOIL STABILISATION
using lime, concrete or ash to convert poorer soils into a strong impermeable medium.
SUB SURFACE DRAINAGE
Mapping subsurface drainage with infrared aerial photographs
Eg. Eddin’s Road,Ooty, CBE Airport
USE OF MODIFIED BITUMEN
Certain additives or blend of additives called as bitumen modfiers can improve properties of Bitumen and bituminous mixes. Bitumen treated with these modifiers is known as modified bitumen
Polymer modified bitumen (PMB)/ crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) should be used only in wearing course depending upon the requirements of extreme climatic variations
MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS : MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS The advantages of using modified bitumen are as follows
Lower susceptibility to daily and seasonal temperature variations
Higher resistance to deformation at high pavement temperature
Better age resistance properties
Higher fatigue life for mixes
Better adhesion between aggregates and binder
Prevention of cracking and reective cracking
MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS : MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS USE OF WATER BASED EMULSION
Bitumen emulsion is a liquid product in which bitumen is suspended in a finely divided condition in an aqueous medium and stabilised by suitable material
The bitumen content in the emulsion is around 60% and the remaining is water.
Rapid setting emulsions are used for surface dressing work
Medium setting emulsions are preferred for premix jobs and patch repairs work
Slow setting emulsions are preferred in rainy season
MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS : MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS USE OF FLY ASH IN CONCRETE
Fly ash, a residue of burning coal / lignite at thermal power stations, has generally been considered as a waste material is becoming resource material.
A meagre 3% utilisation of 40 million tonnes of Fly ash generation in 1994 has risen to 38% of 112 million tonne generated in 2004-05. The generation of fly ash is expected to increase to 170 million tonne by the end of XI five year plan.
Reduced heat of hydration.
Improved workability & Ease of pumping.
Superior microstructure leading to lower permeability.
Higher long term strength.
Better performance in aggressive environment.
Higher Electrical Resistivity leading to lesser chances of reinforcement corrosion
MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS : MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS Following fly ash based innovative and commonly produced building products are available in India
Cellular Light Weight Concrete (CLC) blocks.
Fly Ash Based Polymer Composites as Wood substitute.
Fly ash based Portland Pozzolana Cement.
Ready mixed fly ash concrete.
Fly ash Sand Lime Gypsum (Cement) Bricks/Blocks.
Clay Fly Ash Bricks
MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS : MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS ECONOMICAL DESIGN USING MODERN TECHNOLOGY
Reduce the factor of safety by understanding the objective
Having hollow cores in the beam, slabs and walls.
Situation specific design with available material should be done.
Long term view should be there in the design ie. For future capacity.
Slide 23 : Colored Concrete Colored concrete is a traditional concrete with “colored pigments”
Added to it during the production stage. It could be integrally colored ,stamped or dry shake(dry sprinkling as hardener.
Slide 24 : Shows continuous reduction in Frequency Rate