Science

© Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 26 KS3 Physics 7I Energy Resources © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 2 26 7I Energy Resources Contents The nature of energy Energy resources Fossil fuels Summary activities © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 3 26 Can you think of examples of each type of energy? There are many different types of energy: thermal light sound elastic gravitational kinetic electrical chemical nuclear Different types of energy © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 4 26 The nature of energy © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 5 26 Energy can be changed from one form to another. For example: Chemical energy in food is converted to thermal energy and kinetic energy by our bodies. Energy transfer What other energy transfers can you think of? Gravitational energy in a ball is converted to kinetic energy when it falls to the ground. © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 6 26  burning match  portable torch  microphone  radio  television  catapult  mobile phone  car chemical → heat and light chemical → heat and light sound → electrical electrical → sound and heat electrical → sound and light and heat elastic → kinetic and heat chemical → sound and microwaves (EM radiation) and heat chemical → kinetic and sound and heat In all these transfers the energy is not lost, it is conserved. Energy cannot be destroyed or created. What energy transfer takes place in each device? What is the energy transfer? © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 7 26 Converting energy activity © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 8 26 7I Energy Resources Contents The nature of energy Energy resources Fossil fuels Summary activities © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 9 26 Humans use chemical energy (from food) to live and function. However, in a modern society we also use large amounts of energy from other sources. Can you think of some activities requiring energy? Where does the energy for these types of activity come from? traveling and communicating over long distances; controlling our environment, e.g. air conditioning/heating; manufacturing and building many kinds of materials and products, e.g. roads, cars, buildings, prepared food. Using energy © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 10 of 26 17%41%32%8%2%gasoilcoalnuclearrenewablesEnergy resources can be divided into two types:  non-renewable (e.g. coal, oil, nuclear and natural gas);  renewable (e.g. wind, solar and hydroelectric power). Energy resources in the UK © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 11 of 26 There is a finite amount of fossil fuels on the Earth and they will eventually run out. Once fossil fuels are used they cannot be regenerated and used again, so they are called non-renewable. Non-renewable energy resources oil coal natural gas Oil, coal and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels. They were formed from biological deposits over the course of millions of years. © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 12 of 26 Renewable energy resources will not run out because they can easily be regenerated. Only 2% of the UK’s energy comes from renewable sources. Why do you think this is? Renewable energy sources Examples of renewable energy resources are:  wind power  solar power  tidal power  biomass © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 13 of 26 Renewable or non-renewable? © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 14 of 26 Energy and the Sun The Sun is the original source of most energy resources. Plants store the Sun’s energy through photosynthesis. Plants are eaten by animals, which are then eaten by other animals, so the energy is passed on. © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 15 of 26 Energy resources from the Sun coal wind biomass oil natural gas food waves © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 16 of 26 7I Energy Resources Contents The nature of energy Energy resources Fossil fuels Summary activities © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 17 of 26 Fossil fuels © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 18 of 26 About 300 million years ago, trees and other plants photosynthesized and stored the Sun’s energy. Dead plants fell into swampy water and the mud prevented them from rotting away. How coal was formed Over the years, the mud piled up and squashed the plant remains. After millions of years under this pressure, the mud became rock and the dead plants became coal. © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 19 of 26 Coal formation © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 20 of 26 Oil and gas are also biological in origin. Millions of years ago tiny animals lived in the sea. Like today, their ecosystem was dependent on heat and light from the Sun and photosynthesis by plants. When they died they fell into mud and sand at the bottom of the sea but did not rot away. Over millions of years, they were buried deeper by the mud and sand. The temperature and pressure (caused by the weight of the sediments and deep burial) changed the mud and sand into rock and the dead animals into crude oil and natural gas. This sample of crude oil was formed in southern England. Crude oil formed in other parts of the world can be very different in appearance and viscosity. How oil and gas were formed © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 21 of 26 Oil and gas formation © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 22 of 26 Fossil fuels summary © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 23 of 26 7I Energy Resources Contents The nature of energy Energy resources Fossil fuels Summary activities © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 24 of 26 Glossary energy – The ability to do work. It exists in different forms such as chemical, electrical, heat and light. energy transfer – Changing energy from one form to another. energy resource – A substance that is a source of energy. fuel – A substance that releases energy when it burns. fossil fuel – A fuel that is formed from the remains of dead plants and animals, such as coal, oil and natural gas. non-renewable – An energy resource that cannot be replaced and will eventually run out. renewable – An energy resource that can be replaced and will not run out. © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 25 of 26 Anagrams © Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 2006 26 of 26 Multiple-choice quiz