German in 7 lessons. Lesson 4. Subordinate clause.

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Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons English edition by Yuriy Bereza http://german.eustudy.ru/en 22 Lesson 4. Subordinate clause. Before you start, download audio lesson with extended explanation: http://german.eustudy.ru/en/audiofiles/eng_germ/Unterricht4_voll.mp3 Today we’ll talk about why you do different things in your life. For example: Even now, you are here because you want to learn German. And maybe you’ve just moved to a big city where you can find a good job. So, let’s consider phrases like: 1. I learn German because I’m going to Germany. 2. I work very hard so that my family has enough money. 3. He hopes that he’ll go to China in 2 months. 4. She’s not sure whether she’ll be able to live in Moscow. 5. We’d like to ask first when he’ll have time? 6. I’m going to call you tomorrow if you don’t object. Such phrases consist from two parts. For example: I learn German because I’m going to Germany. This sentence has two parts (sentences) as well: the main one – I learn German, and the dependent one (called subordinate clause) – I’m going to Germany. According to German grammar rules, the verb always remains on the second place in the declarative sentence: I learn German. – Ich lerne Deutsch. I am going to Germany. – Ich fahre nach Deutschland. In the main sentence we follow the above mentioned “iron” rule: Ich lerne Deutsch. In the subordinate clause you should place the verb in the very end of the sentence, NOT on the second place! Ich nach Deutschland fahre. Then, we link these two parts with the conjunction weil – because – and build up a correct German sentence (complex sentence). Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons English edition by Yuriy Bereza http://german.eustudy.ru/en 23 I learn German because I’m going to Germany. – Ich lerne Deutsch, weil Ich nach Deutschland fahre. You remain home because you does not speak German well yet. – Sie bleiben zu Hause, weil Sie noch nicht gut Deutsch sprechen. (bleiben – to remain, noch nicht – not yet) Unfortunately, I am not coming because I am driving my sister to the railwaystattion – Leider komme ich nicht, weil ich meine Schwester zum Bahnhof fahre. (leider – unfortunately, meine Schwester – my sister, der Bahnhof – railway-station, fahren – to drive, to go (by any vehicle)) What should we do if there are two verbs in the dependant part (subordinate clause)? If we have two verbs in the subordinate clause (it’s called compound predicate): ich möchte nach Deutschland fahren (I would like to go to Germany), we should put the verb which is usually on the second place (the conjugated one) – möchte – in the very end of the sentence: ich nach Deutschland fahren möchte. I learn German because I would like to go to Germany. – Ich lerne Deutsch, weil ich nach Deutschland fahren möchte. You remain home because you can not speak German well yet. – Sie bleiben zu Hause, weil Sie noch nicht gut Deutsch sprechen können. (Many Russians can hear this sentence at the German embassy when they try to get a visa ☺) Unfortunately, I can not come because I should drive my sister to the railwaystaatio – Leider kann ich nicht kommen, weil ich meine Schwester zum Bahnhof fahren soll. How to say «I learn German so that the Germans can understand me»? These two sentences are combined by means of the conjunction damit – so that: I learn German so that the Germans can understand me. – Ich lerne Deutsch, damit mich die Deutschen verstehen können. (die Deutschen – the Germans, verstehen – to understand) Say it one more time so that they don’t forget it. – Sag es noch einmal, damit sie es nicht vergessen. (noch einmal – one more time, once again, vergessen – to forget) I tell you this story so that you don’t do my mistake. – Ich erzähle dir diese Geschichte, damit du meinen Fehler nicht machst. (diese Geschichte – this story, erzählen – to tell, to narrate, der Fehler – mistake) The teacher repeats the rule once again so that all students understand it. – Der Lehrer wiederholt die Regel noch einmal, damit alle Studenten sie verstehen. (wiederholen – to repeat, die Regel – rule, verstehen – to understand) Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons English edition by Yuriy Bereza http://german.eustudy.ru/en 24 Exercise 1. Weil or Damit? 1. Karl arbeitet am Wochenende, seine Familie genug Geld hat. (am Wochenende – on week-end, seine Familie – his family, genug – enough, das Geld – money) 2. Ich kann nicht mitkommen, ich sehr beschäftigt bin. (mitkommen – to come along, beschäftigt sein – to be busy) 3. Stefanie kauft ein Auto, ihr der Weg zum Büro nicht so viel Zeit nimmt. (kaufen – to buy, das Auto – car, ihr – her, der Weg zum Büro – the way to the office, zu viel Zeit – so much time, nehmen – to take) 4. Ich kaufe immer grünen Tee, ich schwarzen Tee nicht gut finde. (grün – green, schwarz – black, der Tee – tee) 5. Erik studiert an der Uni, er mehr Geld verdient. (an der Uni studieren – to study at the university) 6. Monika lernt Deutsch, sie nach Deutschland gehen will. 7. Monika lernt Deutsch, sie nach Deutschland gehen kann. 8. Wir sprechen über unsere Probleme, sie nicht größer werden. (über Probleme sprechen – to talk about problems, größer – bigger, werden – to become) 9. Wir gehen in den Park, es heute so schön ist. 10. Die Eltern nehmen einen Babysitter, sie heute Abend ausgehen können. (nehmen – to take, ausgehen – to go out, der Abend – evening) Check up! → http://german.eustudy.ru/en/Unterricht4Aufgabe1_antwort.php Exercise 2. Weil or Damit? 1. Ich lerne Deutsch, ich deutsche Verwandte habe. (Verwandte – relatives) 2. Ich lerne Deutsch, ich mit meinen Verwandten sprechen kann. (sprechen mit – to speak with, to talk to) 3. Ich studiere an der Uni, ich eine bessere Arbeit finden kann. (besser – better) 4. Ich studiere an der Uni, ich eine gute Ausbildung brauche. (brauchen – to need, die Ausbildung – education) 5. Er kauft einen Computer, er Computers interessant findet. (interessant – interesting, finden – to find) 6. Er kauft einen Computer, er im Internet surfen kann. (im Internet surfen – Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons English edition by Yuriy Bereza http://german.eustudy.ru/en 25 to surf the Internet) 7. Wir fahren nicht mit dem Rad, wir es nicht nach Hause tragen. (mit dem Rad fahren – to ride a bicycle, nach Hause – home (direction), tragen – to carry) 8. Wir fahren nicht mit dem Rad, es Winter ist. (der Winter – winter) Check up! → http://german.eustudy.ru/en/Unterricht4Aufgabe2_antwort.php Question Wozu? – what for? If we use conjunctions weil and damit, we have a subject both in the main and the subordinate clause: Ich mache das, weil ich das richtig finde (I do it because I find it right). But after wozu-question we won’t have any subject in the second part even in English: What do you do sport for? – Wozu treiben Sie Sport? I do sport to remain healthy. Ich treibe Sport, um gesund zu bleiben. I would like to go to Germany to earn money for my study. – Ich möchte nach Deutschland fahren, um Geld für mein Studium zu verdienen. He would like to know more to find a job. – Er möchte mehr wissen, um einen Job zu finden. Would you like to save money to fly to the USA? – Möchtest du Geld sparen, um in die USA zu fliegen? (sparen – to save, fliegen – to fly) You’ve certainly noticed that we don’t have any subject in the subordinate part of the sentence. Such constructions are very popular in German and very simple at the same time. Complex sentences like: I know that the train arrives at 9 sharp. – Ich weiß, dass der Zug Punkt 9 ankommt. (Punkt 9 – at 9 sharp, ankommen – to arrive) He’s not sure whether he’ll fly to Germany in two days. – Er ist nicht sicher, ob er in zwei Tagen nach Deutschland fliegt. We’ll do this when you say. – Wir machen es, wann du sagst. I’ll talk to him if you don’t object. – Ich spreche mit ihm, wenn du nichts dagegen hast. What should we do with them? How should we compose them? – Remember: For the subordinate clause the rule is anyway the same: the verb goes to the very end of the sentence. If we have two verbs, the conjugated verb should be the last one. Olena Shypilova – German for beginners in 7 Lessons English edition by Yuriy Bereza http://german.eustudy.ru/en 26 Let’s summarize our pleasing results If you did it and if you’ve understood that German is ABSOLUTELY simple, we’d love to invite you to our next lesson and look forward to see you at our site again. Additional materials on the topic Watch a video-clip about how the Germans (often!) make mistakes themselves when composing complex sentences: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8glSCGXTZs. In the video a German teacher draws a very illustrative scheme and shows that verb should be before the point in a complex sentence. The sentence in the video contains a mistake: Wir sind der beste Radiosender, weil bei uns gibt es die beste Musik – We are the best radio station because at ours there is the best music. Idiom es gibt means there is/are: es gibt überall gute Leute – there are good people everywhere, es gibt einen Baum im Garten – there is a tree in the garden. Its part gibt is the he-form of the verb geben (to give). As a part of that idiom it has no selfmeaanin but remains still a verb and thus, should be in the end of the sentence. Anyway, remember the idiom es gibt; it will surely enlarge your vocabulary. Watching the video, just listen to the Germans speaking, and focus on the sentence structures, don’t try to translate or to understand everything. If you’ll be able to recognize words or phrases you’ve learned, you can be proud of yourself – you’re doing right! For us it’s rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail (contact@eustudy.ru).

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Today we’ll talk about why you do different things in your life. For example:

Even now, you are here because you want to learn German.
And maybe you’ve just moved to a big city where you can find a good job.

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