: Writing essays
Practice By Olga Kozar
Let’s review : 1) Unpack the topic=
Underline the key words/ find Topic and Focus/
rewrite in your own words
2) Brainstorm and decide what you think
3) Find main arguments
4) Decide on the structure ( 2 or 3 paragraphs)
5) Extend the ideas ( point—reason—example) Let’s review
: What we should eat:
Practice time : Practice time It is morally unacceptable to experiment on non-human animals to develop products and medicines that benefit human beings.
To what extend do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Give reasons to support your answer. Underline the key words
Rewrite in your own words
Brainstorm
Look at your notes and decide what your position is
Decide on the structure
2 or 3 paragraphs
Find the points( arguments) : Find the points( arguments) For
Helps to reduce human suffering
Promotes advances in medicine
Potential gain for humanity Against
Animals are valuable
Experiments on animals are not a reliable guide to human reactions
There are other ways to test new medicine
Extend each point : Extend each point Reduce human suffering
+ Reason
Example Reason
( why am I saying it?) :
Helping people suffer less is our first priority
Example:
Cancer/ AIDS..
Extend / 2 : Extend / 2 Promote advances in medicine Reason
( why am I saying it?) :
We need new methods
( effectiveness/ cost)
Example:
Make it more affordable to poorer nations/ people on a budget
Extend / 3 : Extend / 3 Potential gain for humanity Reason
( why am I saying it?) :
Need to act now to prepare for the future
Example:
New illnesses/ health conditions –not researched before—AIDS this century
Extend / 4 : Extend / 4 Animals are beings of value in themselves, not the means to human ends Reason
(Why am I saying it? )
We are all created equal / animal life is just as valuable as human
Example:
Monkeys/ people
Similar Emotions/ feelings/
Extend 5 : Extend 5 Experiments on animals are not a reliable guide to human reactions Reason
Why am I saying it?
People and animals have different physiology
Example:
Mice/ humans
Extend ideas 6 : Extend ideas 6 There are other ways to test new medicine Reason:
Why am I saying it?
Alternative ways—tissue/ computer models…
Example:
Animal/ vs genetically