FOOD CROPS : FOOD CROPS
RICE : RICE Kharif crop
Tropical and sub - tropical crop.
Can be grown in varying conditions.
More than 4000 varieties are grown in India
VARIETIES : VARIETIES
REQUIREMENTS : REQUIREMENTS TEMPERATURE:
160 - 320 C
AVERAGE 240 C
Requires plenty of sunshine.
Rainfall:
150-200cm
Flooded fields
Slight rain before ripening is good.
Soil: deep fertile clayey or friable loam.
METHODS OF CULTIVATION : METHODS OF CULTIVATION
DISTRIBUTION : DISTRIBUTION REGION WISE:
LOWER AND MIDDLE GANGETIC PLAIN
BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY
EAST AND WEST COASTAL REGIONS
STATEWISE:
WEST BENGAL,
PUNJAB,
U.P
ANDHRA PRADESH
TAMIL NADU
BIHAR
WHEAT : WHEAT Important food crop for north and north west India.
India is Fourth largest producer of wheat.
Temperate crop (rabi).
Rich in proteins vitamins and carbohydrates.
REQUIREMENTS : REQUIREMENTS TEMPERATURE:
100 - 150 C
Requires cool climate with moderate rainfall.
Rainfall:
50-100cm
Slight rain before ripening is ideal.
Frost at flowering and hailstorm at time of ripening is harmful.
Soil: well drained, fertile, friable loamy, alluvial soils of clayey composition.
VARIETIES : VARIETIES Common Bread Variety (Triticum Vilgare)
Durum/Macaroni Wheat
Emmer (Triticum Dicocum)
Indian Dwarf Wheat
DISTRIBUTION : DISTRIBUTION UTTAR PRADESH
PUNJAB
HARYANA
MADHYA PRADESH
RAJASTHAN
BIHAR
GUJARAT
MAHARASHTRA
PULSES : PULSES Important part of Indian diet.
Rabi crop
Leguminous crops
Best rotational crops
Serve as excellent forage(food for cattle)
Important pulses: Gram and Tur.
Others: urad(black gram), moong(green gram), masoor (lentil), matar (peas) and moth.
GRAM : GRAM Rabi crop.
Soil: loamy soil is ideal
Requires mild cool and dry climate.
Temperature: 200 - 250 C
Rainfall : 50 – 100 cm.
Uses:
used for preparing sweet and savories.
Its green leaves are used as vegetable.
Grain is used to feed horses and cattle.
DISTRIBUTION : DISTRIBUTION MAJOR STATES:
UTTAR PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRADESH
RAJASTHAN
HARYANA
MAIZE : MAIZE Kharif crop.
In Tamil Nadu its rabi crop.
Food as well as fodder crop.
Grown under semi arid climatic conditions and over inferior soils.
India is sixth largest producer.
REQUIREMENTS : REQUIREMENTS Temperature: 210 - 270 C. up to 350 C.
Frost is injurious. Requires atleast 4 ½ frost free months.
Rainfall: 50-100 cm
Cool and dry weather helps in ripening.
Uses:
Food crop: chappatis, roasted corns, popcorn.
Used in confectionary as corn flour and corn flakes.
Excellent fodder for the cattle
DISTRIBUTION : DISTRIBUTION MADHYA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
KARNATAKA
RAJASTHAN
UTTAR PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRADESH
MILLETS : MILLETS Warm weather grasses grown in areas where wheat and rice cannot be grown.
Kharif crop.
Grain provides food for poor.
Stalk and stem are used as fodder for the cattle.
Are hardy, drought and heat resistant crops.
MILLETS : MILLETS
JOWAR : JOWAR Also known as Sorghum
Both kharif and rabi crop.
Soils: medium regur, clayey black soils.
Temperature: 260 - 330 C
Rainfall: 30 to 100 cm
Excessive rain and drought are harmful
Uses:
Making roti.
Straw is used as fodder
Areas: Maharastra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat.
BAJRA (BULL RUSH MILLET) : BAJRA (BULL RUSH MILLET) Kharif crop. Sown as rotation or mixed crop
Soil: variety of soils.
Temperature: 250 - 350 C
Rainfall: less than 100cm
Bright sunshine after light showers is useful in early stages.
Uses:
Making roti, fodder for cattle, thatching roof.
Areas:
Rajasthan,
Maharastra,
Gujarat, U
Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.
RAGI (BUCK WHEAT) : RAGI (BUCK WHEAT) Kharif crop.
Soils: red, light black and sandy soils, well drained alluvial soils.
Temperature: 200 - 300 C
Rainfall: 50-100cm
Uses: food and fodder.
Areas:
Leading producers: Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
Others: Maharastra and Uttar Pradesh.