6.03 Theory of Flight - Secondary Controls

6.03 Secondary Controls and the Effects of Controls : 6.03 Secondary Controls and the Effects of Controls 40 min BC Online Ground School: Air Law Ref: FTGU pg 15, 28, 29

Slide 2 : 1. What control surface causes roll? 2. What movement does the elevator create? 3. Which axis does yaw act around? 4. Name the 2 types of fuselage construction.

Slide 3 : MTPs Trim Spoilers and Dive Breaks Flaps Secondary Effects of Controls Coordination

Slide 4 : What: adjustable device located on the trailing edge of control surfaces Purpose – alleviates pressure on the controls Other types of trim are bungees connected to the control column Most often only on the elevator

Slide 5 : The trim tab moves in the opposite direction as the control surface

Slide 6 : Trim in a glider No trim tabs Types - side trim (bungee) - stick trim (ratchet) Bungee Trim

Slide 7 : Spoilers and Dive Brakes Primarily used in glider flying Spoilers – are hinged plates on top of the wing disrupt the airflow over the wing to “spoil” the lift (Top) Dive Brakes – increase drag (Bottom) NASA applet - http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/spoil.html

Slide 8 : Purpose – allows the pilot to control the rate of decent during final approach and landing - Spoilers and dive brakes increase drag and decrease lift

Slide 9 : Flaps Increase the camber of the wing This increases the lift and the drag Known as a high lift device Allows the aircraft to have a steeper approach path with a decreased stall speed Allows glider pilot to fly slower in a thermal

Slide 10 : Types of flaps

Slide 11 : The air movement over control surfaces when they are moved causes adverse effects When you yaw you get Roll When you roll you get Adverse yaw

Slide 12 : Roll from yaw When rudder is applied, the wing on the outside of the turn moves faster, which causes it to experience more lift Faster = more lift

Roll from yaw : YAW LEFT FASTER MORE LIFT CAUSES ROLL TO THE LEFT Roll from yaw

Slide 14 : Adverse Yaw from roll When ailerons are applied the plane has a tendency to yaw away from the lower wing because of aileron drag. The wing that rises experiences more lift, but also more induced drag.

Adverse yaw from roll : Right aileron UP MORE LIFT MORE DRAG Left aileron DOWN LESS LIFT LESS DRAG ROLL CAUSES ADVERSE YAW Adverse yaw from roll

Slide 16 : To turn the aircraft without causing unnecessary drag, aileron and rudder must be used. Using too much rudder will cause a “skidding turn”. Using too little (or opposite) rudder will cause a “slipping turn”.

Slide 17 : You slip in and skid out. Think of driving and skidding around a corner.

Slide 18 : How is adverse yaw created? Why is there roll when an airplane is yawed? What are the purpose of flaps? Name 2 types of trim. What is trim used for? What is the difference between slipping and skidding?

Slide 19 : Draw on the airplane where the following go: Flaps Spoilers Elevator Trim tab Aileron Trim tab

What we have learned today… : What we have learned today… Trim Spoilers Flaps Secondary Effects Coordination