Microorganisms and Water Pollution

MICROORGANISMS & WATER POLLUTION : MICROORGANISMS & WATER POLLUTION MAJID MOHIUDDIN

Slide 2 : IMPORTANCE: Every thing originated in the water & everything is sustained by water. All life on earth depends on water. Man uses water for many purposes. - drinking - irrigation - fisheries - industrial processes - transportation - waste disposal

Slide 3 : IMPORTANCE OF WATER For life Inorganic constituent of living matter. Medium for Growth: Second natural medium Contain mineral nutrients and dissolved oxygen. Organic matter = Microbial Population. Microbial population higher in Rivers near thickly populated cities than village. PH, Temperature range & inorganic phosphate & situation of the lake. Availability of possible factors (Zinc & Coppers)- limits growth of Microbes. & Poor quantity of nitrate and nitrogen. Calcium-harmful for algae.

Slide 4 : Water in Nature Water exist in 3 states Gas Solid Liquid Lithosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere

Ocean Polar Ice CapsGlaciersIce fieldsInland surface water – Lakes and River : Ocean Polar Ice CapsGlaciersIce fieldsInland surface water – Lakes and River

Slide 6 : Ocean – 97% of the Hydrosphere.

Slide 7 : Polar ice caps Ice fields Glaciers 2% in the form of ice

Inland surface water 0.02% : Inland surface water 0.02% Lake River

Slide 9 : TYPES OF WATER Atmospheric water: Rain water & Snow water (dust, soot & suspended particles & Air borne bacteria) Surface water: Mountain, river water also. (organic matter, Soil microflora). Saprophytic Spp. & Protozoa. Ground water: Water percolates (few bacteria & little amount of organic matter). (Microbes cannot multiply) Stored water: Pounds, Reservoirs, Lakes & Ocean. Microbial Population decreases X Area X Types of vegetation X Seasons X Individual chemical components X Total inorganic Salt contents. Protozoa Presents.

Atmospheric water Rain water & Snow water (dust, soot & suspended particles & Air borne bacteria) : Atmospheric water Rain water & Snow water (dust, soot & suspended particles & Air borne bacteria)

Surface water: Mountain, river water also. (organic matter, Soil microflora). Saprophytic Spp. & Protozoa. : Surface water: Mountain, river water also. (organic matter, Soil microflora). Saprophytic Spp. & Protozoa. Mountain water River water

Ground water: Water percolates (few bacteria & little amount of organic matter). (Microbes cannot multiply) : Ground water: Water percolates (few bacteria & little amount of organic matter). (Microbes cannot multiply)

Stored water : Stored water Pond Reservoirs Lakes Ocean

Slide 14 : Classified Based on Suitability for support of living matter. Stored Water: Eutrophic Lake: Well nourished Oligotrophic Lake: Poorly nourished Dystrophic Lake: High Organic matter of special type – Lake dark and acidic.

Slide 15 : Classified Based on Suitability for support of living matter. Stored Water: Eutrophic Lake

Slide 16 : Classified Based on Suitability for support of living matter. Stored Water: 2. Oligotrophic Lake: Poorly nourished

Slide 17 : Classified Based on Suitability for support of living matter. Stored Water: 3.Dystrophic Lake: High Organic matter of special type – Lake dark and acidic.

Slide 18 : Water Impurities Sea water ( about 3% dissolved mineral impurities) Connote water (Produced with some crude oils, sometimes 20 to 30% dissolved salts) Brackish water ( Industrial waste water) Measured in Parts Per Million (ppm) - 10,000 ppm = 0.015%

Slide 19 : MICROORGANISMS IN WATER Phytoplankton Zooplankton Periphyton (Biotecton) Benthos (Zoobenthos) Saprotrophs (Bacteria and Fungi) - Pleosaprophytic Zone - Mesosaprophytic Zone - Oligosaphrophytic Zone 6. Sea water Microorganism

Slide 20 : Phytoplankton: - Floating microscopic autotrophs - Cyanobacteria, algae (Chlorophyceae & Bacillariophyceae) Classified based on Size: - Ultraplankton 0.5 to 10 m - Nannoplankton 10 to 50 m - Microplankton 50 to 500 m - Net plankton - Macroplankton 500 m Primary Producers – indicates water quality Biological treatment of Organic wastes in water .

Slide 21 : 2. Zooplankton: Heterogenous assemblage of minute floating animal forms found in water. Locomotary structures Primary consumers Dominating Members Protozoa, Ronifera, Copepoda Cladocera Ostracod.

Slide 22 : 3. Periphyton (Biotecton) are the organisms (both plant and animal) attached or clinging to the submerged plant or other surfaces projecting above the bottom An organism may remain as periphyton throughout its life or during some period of its life cycle. Animals may be an obligatory or a facultative periphyton.

Periphytons : Periphytons

Slide 24 : 4. Benthios (Zoobenthos) The heterogenous assemblage of organisms attached or resting on the bottom or living in the bottom sediments of a body of water. Phytobenthos- Benthic Plants. Zoobenthos – Benthic Animals.

Slide 25 : Phytobenthos- Benthic Plants

Slide 26 : Phytobenthos- Benthic Plants

Zoobenthos – Benthic Animals : Zoobenthos – Benthic Animals

Slide 28 :

Slide 29 : 5. Saprotrophs (Bacteria & Fungi): mud water. Saprophytism Pleosaprophytic Zone: Heavily Polluted Zone of water reservoir and contains sufficient amount of Organic residues of plants and animals. Mesosaprophytic Zone: Less polluted due to high rate of mineralisation and oxidation of organic matter. Oligosaphrophytic zone: pure and clear water

Slide 30 : Microorganisms in sea: Heliophilic (sunlight) Barophilic (high hydrostatic pressure) Psychrophilic (low temperature) All are decomposed by decomposed by bacteria and other microbes. Contains bacteria, aerobic cellulose fermenters, fibriocolytic bacteria ad sulphuroxidizing bacteria, Blue green algae, green algae and diatoms.

Slide 31 : WATER POLLUTION Change in quality or composition By Waste disposal and other human activities Less suitable or Harmful for drinking, domestic, agricultural recreational, fisheries or other purposes. Water Pollution: The adding to water of any substance, or the changing of water’s physical and chemical characteristics in any way which interferes with its use for legitimate purpose.

Slide 32 : It contain impurities of various kinds- both dissolved and suspended Dissolved gases (H2S, CO2, NH3, N2) Dissoved minerals (Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium) Suspended impurities ( clay, silt, sand and mud) Microorganisms.

Slide 33 : Some different types of Water Pollution Microbiological Chemical Oxygen depleting substances Nutrients Suspended matter

Slide 34 : Sources of Water Pollution: Natural Sources: Rain, Snowfall, Leaching, river, etc. Anthropogenic Sources: Industrial sources Domestic Sources Agricultural Sources Mining Sources Physical Pollutants (thermal and radioactive substances).

Slide 35 : Industrial Sources: Tanneries Sugar mills Pulp and Paper mills, Distilleries, Oil refineries etc. Tanneries Sugar mills Pulp and Paper mills Distilleries, Oil refineries

Slide 36 : 2. Domestic Sources: From Houses Commercial buildings Institutions Important Pollutants are Biodegradable Organic matter, coliforms and pathogens.

Slide 37 : 3. Agricultural Sources: Soil and silt removed by erosion Agricultural run off Synthetic fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides Plant residue.

Slide 38 : Classification of Water Pollution: (based on nature of its origin) Point Sources From pipes and sewage treatment plants and industrial facilities. Non Point Sources Urban storm water run off, run off from farm fields, acid rain, etc.

Slide 39 : Classified based on their environmental or health effects: Infectious agents. Oxygen demanding wastes Plant nutrients Inorganic pollutants Toxic organic chemicals Sediment Thermal pollutants Radioactive pollutants.

Slide 40 : Wastewater Characterization: Physial Chemical Biological 1.Physical Characteristics: Colour Odour Turbidity Temperature Solids

Slide 41 : 2.Chemical Characteristics: PH Alkalinity Inorganic constituents like chlorides, heavy metals, nitrogen, Phosphorus, etc. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 3.Biological Characteristics Bacteria Algae Protozoa Viruses Coliforms

Slide 42 : END MAJID MOHIUDDIN