Presenting the Internet

PRESENTING THE INTERNET : PRESENTING THE INTERNET The Internet and the World Wide Web

What is the Internet : What is the Internet The Internet is a global communications system that links thousands of individual networks together. Internet is a network of networks (networked networks = internetworked ? Internet). Because of the Internet any computer on any network can communicate with any other computer on any network Presenting the Internet 2

THE HISTORY OF THE INTERNET : THE HISTORY OF THE INTERNET It started in 1969, when the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Dept. of Defense (DoD) began connecting computers at different universities and defense contractors. The network was called ARPANET. Goals: Creating large comp. networks that could survive a nuclear attack or a natural disaster. Sharing computer resources in remote locations. Presenting the Internet 3

THE HISTORY OF THE INTERNET - Continues… : THE HISTORY OF THE INTERNET - Continues… National Science Foundation (NSF), another federal agency, joined the giant network project. NSFnet – new, higher-capacity network. The link between ARPANET, NSFnet, and other networks was called INTERNET. The process of connecting separate networks is called internetworking, which is where INTERNET takes its name. NSFnet made Internet available for academic research, but not for private business. Presenting the Internet 4

BACKBONE : BACKBONE A Network backbone is the central structure that connects other elements of the network. Private businesses had access to the private portions of the Internet, so it became possible for them to distribute business and commercial information. Today: Internet is a huge, cooperative community with no central ownership. The Internet Society and the World Wide Web Consortium propose standards for Internet use. Presenting the Internet 5

Internet’s Major Services : Internet’s Major Services The World Wide Web Electronic Mail (E-mail) News File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Online Services Chat Instant messaging ISP- Internet Service Provider, is a company that provides local or regional access to the Internet backbone. Presenting the Internet 6

Understanding the WWW : Understanding the WWW The World Wide Web (Web or WWW) was created in 1989, in Switzerland, Europe. Goal: to access any document that was stored on a network, without having to search indexes. How: they linked all documents that were stored in different locations on a single computer. WWW differs from the INTERNET WWW is just an Internet service for accessing documents. The Internet is a gigantic network Presenting the Internet 7

CURIOSITY: Pronunciation of "www" : CURIOSITY: Pronunciation of "www" In English, "www" (pronounced "double you double you double you") is the longest possible three-letter acronym to pronounce, requiring nine syllables. In New Zealand, the pronunciation is sometimes shortened to "dub dub dub". In Chinese, the World Wide Web is commonly translated to wàn wéi wang (???), which satisfies "www" and literally means "ten-thousand dimensional net". Presenting the Internet 8

How the Web Works : How the Web Works Hypertext is a format in which Web documents are created. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a protocol (set of rules) that supports hypertext A hypertext doc is a specially encoded file that uses HTML (Hypertext Mark-up Language) HTML is also used to embed hypertext links (also called hyperlinks or just links) HTTP and hyperlinks are the foundations of WWW. Presenting the Internet 9

Web Browsers : Web Browsers A Web browser is a software application designed to find hypertext documents on the Web and open them on your computer. Some web browsers are: Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Netscape Google Chrome Opera SeaMonkey Wyzo Camino (for Macintosh OS ) Presenting the Internet 10

URLs : URLs URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a special format which enables the HTTP to use Internet addresses. URL look like this: Type://address/path Type: type of server Address: address of server Path: location within the folder structure Presenting the Internet 11

Slide 12 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_wide_web Presenting the Internet 12

www… : www… http://www.jjay.cuny.edu/ocps/ Presenting the Internet 13 Internet server that uses HTTP This is the address – John Jay College This site is on the World Wide Web Browser follows the URL’s path to this folder (The Office of Continuing and Professional Studies) at John Jay Website

Navigating the Web : Navigating the Web Presenting the Internet 14 Using URLs Type the URL in the address bar of the browser Click the hyperlink of a URL Store the URL in your browser’s Favorites (Bookmarks) list, then select it from the list. Using Hyperlinks Simply click on a hyperlink (text, image, button) on the web page. Hyperlinks usually are underlined.

Searching the WebDirectories : Searching the WebDirectories Suppose you want to find some Web sites that provide info for digital cameras. Launch your Web browser. In the address bar type: http://dir.webring.com and press Enter On the WebRing home page, click the Photography category. Click Cameras Makes and Models subcategory. Choose Sony and Canon and then preview the sites shown. Presenting the Internet 15

Searching the WebSearch Engines : Searching the WebSearch Engines Search engines are more useful tools to search the Web, because they allow you to search by keywords. Some search engines are: Google Mamma Lycos Ask.com Dogpile Live search Yahoo search Balckboard?Course Docs?Topic 2?Web Guide 2 Presenting the Internet 16

Using Boolean Operators in Searching the Web : Using Boolean Operators in Searching the Web Basic Boolean operators are: AND, OR, and NOT. Named after George Boole (British, 19th cent). Printer AND color (includes both terms) Printer OR color (includes either or both) Printer NOT color (searches for printers, but not for color) Some Search engines allow use of multiple operators. (gun OR knife) AND police Presenting the Internet 17

Sponsored vs. Nonsponsored Links : Sponsored vs. Nonsponsored Links Sponsored links are those listings that pay the Search Engine to place their name at the top of the list of the search results. Sponsored links have become controversial because they are not always most relevant to the user’s needs. Some search engines put the sponsored links in a special way—putting them in boxes or separate lists—so users can identify them. Presenting the Internet 18