Adolescence : Adolescence Gohar-i-Nayab
Introduction : Introduction Human development is the scientific study of how people change over time.
Adolescence : Adolescence Adolescence is the transition between childhood and adulthood
It involves biological, cognitive and socio-emotional changes.
It is a period during which the child has achieved sexual maturity but has not yet taken on the roles and responsibilities of an adult.
Adolescence in Pre-Industrialized Societies: Primitive Transitions : Adolescence in Pre-Industrialized Societies: Primitive Transitions Passage from childhood to adulthood is marked by ritual held in four stages:
First Step: : First Step: The child is separated from the group. This is a common taboo during this period there is no contact between mother and the child, sister and brother. (normally opposite sex)
Second Step: : Second Step: Prior induction into adulthood, children are trained in behavior expected of adults.
Training sessions (Example Avatar)
Third Step: : Third Step: The step is the phase of initiation, the actual ritual that marks passage from childhood to adulthood. The initiation ceremony is often accompanied by feasting, a time for celebration, but usually a time of suffering and pain. The ceremony includes fasting, scarification (the inflicting of wounds with resulting scars) and circumcision.
Slide 8 :
Final Step: : Final Step: The final step is the rite of induction (absorption into the tribe) in which person becomes a full-fledged adult member of the tribe.
Adolescence in an industrialized Societies: Contemporary Transitions : Adolescence in an industrialized Societies: Contemporary Transitions No formal rites of passage.
The young ones are exempted from the separation, training, the initiation, and the induction.
They are all put through the period labeled as adolescence.
Physical Development in Adolescence : Physical Development in Adolescence Maturity is attained.
Both sexes undergo and adolescent growth shoot: sharp growth in height, weight and muscular and skeletal development.
Puberty : Puberty
What happens in Puberty? : What happens in Puberty? Hormonal changes beginning in middle childhood on the average 2 years earlier for girls than boys.
Biological changes: Flash Animation
Psychological Impact of Puberty Events : Psychological Impact of Puberty Events Early maturing boys and late maturing girls or Visa versa.
Menuarche and Spermarche
experience emotional and social difficulties.
Lets watch a movie clip
Freud v/s Eriskson : Freud v/s Eriskson
Psychosexual stage: The Genital Stage : Psychosexual stage: The Genital Stage A time sexual reawakening.
The source of pleasure in this stage is someone outside of the family.
Unresolved conflicts with parents reemerge during adolescence.
When these are resolved, the individual is capable of developing a mature love relationship and function as an adult.
Psychosocial stage: Identity vs identity confusion : Psychosocial stage: Identity vs identity confusion Adolescents at this stage find out who they are and what are they all about, and where they are going in life.
They confront with many new roles vocational and romantic.
Young people who successfully resolve the psychological conflicts of identity versus identity confusion construct a solid self definition consisting of self values and goals.
Identity? : Identity? Identity is formed through developing a map ‘circuit’ in the mind and is based on how others respond to them. identity is a self portrait.
Various forms of identities : Various forms of identities Vocational / career identity: The career and work path the person wants to follow.
Political identity: Whether the person is conservative, liberal or in the middle.
Religious identity: This is person’s spiritual beliefs.
Relationship identity: Whether a person is single, married, divorced and so on.
Intellectual identity: The extent to which a person is motivated to achieve and is intellectual.
Sexual identity: Whether a person is homo, hetero or bi sexual.
Cultural indentity: Which part a person belongs identifies his or her cultural heritage.
Cognitive development in adolescent: : Cognitive development in adolescent: Piaget formal operational stage: abstract thinking ability.
People in this stage of formal operation can engage in hypothetical deductive reasoning .
They no longer require concrete things and events as objects of though. Instead they can come up with new logical rules through internal reflection.
Social and Emotional Development in adolescents: : Social and Emotional Development in adolescents: Adolescents spend most of times with their peers, who play an important role in their development.
Friendship become more intimate and relationships develop with peers of the other sex.
Because of social pressure many adolescents become sexually active sooner (Papalia & Olds, 1992). Thus peer pressure adds extra compliance needs. Peers are individuals who are of the same age of maturity and are a source of information beyond the family.
Self Understanding : Self Understanding The term ‘self’ refers to the sense of who we are and how we are similar to and distinct from others.
In adolescence self conception are more differentiated and better organized then children.
Intimacy versus Isolation : Intimacy versus Isolation In Erikson’s sixth developmental stage an individual faces the developmental task of forming intimate relationship with others, if intimacy is not developed and individual may be left with isolation because they need nurturing for self assurance rather than cticism from others.
Problems faced by adolescences: : Problems faced by adolescences: self identity.
emotional and social difficulties.
withdrawal and low self confidence.
deficiency in physical development.
emotional disturbance.
Role of teacher in Adolescence : Role of teacher in Adolescence Nourisher or potter – calm the storm.
The teacher can follow many strategies to foster peer interactions.
A teacher can morally develop an adolescent by moulding childrens values and promoting in them character education.
A nurturing attitude based on choices helps adolescent student give self worth.
Your Classroom Equation : Your Classroom Equation Trust + Emotional Warmth +Moral development = Self Worth.
Slide 27 : Thankyou for listening