Slide 1 : Aldehyde and Ketones Structure of Carbonyl Compound SP2, Trigonal Coplanner, Sigma and Pi bond, -M, +I Polar DM Nomenclature:- 1. Common 2.IUPAC 1.{Formic Acid-ic=Formyl+Aldehyde}Common
2. Methane+al=Methanal
3. Di alkyl ketone, Alkyl-Aryl Ketone, Alphabetical Ketone
4. 2-Propanone, Butanone etc
5. 2-Hydroxy Benzaldehyde, 2-Phenyl Acetaldehyde or 2-Phenyl ethanal Presented By:- Ritesh Kesharwani Sir Mona Modern Hr.Sec.School Sarangarh Chhattisgarh ( http:// mona.250free.com)
Slide 2 : Aldehyde and Ketones Isomerism in Aldehyde and Ketones
Aldehyde:- (CnH2nO)
Chain, isomerism
Aldehyde:- (CnH2nO)
Chain,Position Functional,Tutomerism, Metamerism isomerism Presented By:- Ritesh Kesharwani Sir Mona Modern Hr.Sec.School Sarangarh Chhattisgarh ( http:// mona.250free.com)
Slide 3 : Aldehyde and Ketones Preparation of Aldehyde and Ketones Presented By:- Ritesh Kesharwani Sir Mona Modern Hr.Sec.School Sarangarh Chhattisgarh ( http:// mona.250free.com) 1.Oxidation of Aldehyde:-
Exa:- RCH2OH------(K2Cr2O7+H2SO4)---------- RCHO
2.Dehydrogenation of Alcohal:-
Exa:- RCH2OH------(Cu/300’C)---------- RCHO
3.Ca Salt of Fatty Acid :-
4.Decomposition of Fatty Acid:-
Slide 4 : Aldehyde and Ketones Presented By:- Ritesh Kesharwani Sir Mona Modern Hr.Sec.School Sarangarh Chhattisgarh ( http:// mona.250free.com) 5.Rosenmund reduction:- 6.Grignard Reagent:- 7.Hydration of acetylene:- 8.Ozonolysis of alkene:- 9.Oxidation of Toluene:- 10.Gotterman Reaction:- 11.Gotterman Koch Reaction:- Preparation of Aldehyde and Ketones
Slide 5 : Aldehyde and Ketones Chemical Properties of Aldehyde and Ketone Presented By:- Ritesh Kesharwani Sir Mona Modern Hr.Sec.School Sarangarh Chhattisgarh ( http:// mona.250free.com) 1.Aldehyde is more active than Ketone.
2.Formaldehyde is more active than acetyldehyde.
3.Acetyldehyde is more active than ketone.
4. - I Group increase reactivity.
5. + I Group decrease reactivity.
6.Bulky group decreases reactivity( Stearic Hindrance).
7.Aromatic Carbonyls less active than Ketones due to + R.
8.C6H5CHO > C6H5COCH3 > C6H5COC6H5.
Slide 6 : Aldehyde and Ketones Chemical Properties of Aldehyde and Ketone Presented By:- Ritesh Kesharwani Sir Mona Modern Hr.Sec.School Sarangarh Chhattisgarh ( http:// mona.250free.com) 1. Nucleophilic Addition reaction:- Examples of Nucleophilic Addition reaction:-
HCN, NaHSO3, RMgX, NH3, ROH.
Slide 7 : Aldehyde and Ketones Chemical Properties of Aldehyde and Ketone Presented By:- Ritesh Kesharwani Sir Mona Modern Hr.Sec.School Sarangarh Chhattisgarh ( http:// mona.250free.com) 2. Nucleophilic Addition and Condensation reaction:- Example:- Hydrazene, Phenyl Hydrazene, Semicarbazide, 2,4-DinitrophenylHydrazene. // Aldoxime //
Slide 8 : Aldehyde and Ketones Chemical Properties of Aldehyde and Ketone Presented By:- Ritesh Kesharwani Sir Mona Modern Hr.Sec.School Sarangarh Chhattisgarh ( http:// mona.250free.com) 3.1 Oxidation of Aldehyde 1.Tolen Reagent………. 2.Fehling Reagent……….(CuSO4+Na K Tartarate) 3.Beniduct Reagent……….(CuSO4+Na K Citrate) 4.Shief Reagent. 5. Bromine Water.
Slide 9 : Aldehyde and Ketones Chemical Properties of Aldehyde and Ketone Presented By:- Ritesh Kesharwani Sir Mona Modern Hr.Sec.School Sarangarh Chhattisgarh ( http:// mona.250free.com) 3.2 Oxidation of Ketone 1. ( required strong oxdizer K2Cr2O7 etc) Popoff’s Rule:- ( Oxidation of mixed ketone) (HNO3) 2.Oxidation by SeO2 ( CH2---- CO)
Slide 10 : Aldehyde and Ketones Chemical Properties of Aldehyde and Ketone Presented By:- Ritesh Kesharwani Sir Mona Modern Hr.Sec.School Sarangarh Chhattisgarh ( http:// mona.250free.com) 4.Reduction reaction (Aldehyde- 1*Alcohal, Ketone--- 2*Alcohal) 1.Catalytic reducation RCHO------ RCH2OH (1*Alcohal)
RCOR ----- RCHOHR (2*Alcohal) 2.With NaBH4 ( does not react with c=c) usefull for unsaturated c=o 3.Zn/Hg HCl (reduce C=O to CH2) 4. With Hydrazene ( NH2-NH2){ Wolf-Kishner reduction}
Slide 11 : Aldehyde and Ketones Chemical Properties of Aldehyde and Ketone Presented By:- Ritesh Kesharwani Sir Mona Modern Hr.Sec.School Sarangarh Chhattisgarh ( http:// mona.250free.com) 5. Reducation with Mg-Hg ( Pinacol) 6. Halogenation Reaction :-
Slide 12 : Aldehyde and Ketones Chemical Properties of Aldehyde and Ketone Presented By:- Ritesh Kesharwani Sir Mona Modern Hr.Sec.School Sarangarh Chhattisgarh ( http:// mona.250free.com) 7. Special reaction :- (7.1 Aldol Condensation){ @h} 7. Special reaction :- (7.2 Cliesen Condensation) { Arm+Alph}
Slide 13 : Aldehyde and Ketones Chemical Properties of Aldehyde and Ketone Presented By:- Ritesh Kesharwani Sir Mona Modern Hr.Sec.School Sarangarh Chhattisgarh ( http:// mona.250free.com) 7. Special reaction :- (7.3Canizaro Reaction ) 7. Special reaction :- (7.4 Tischencho Reaction ) 8. Other reaction :- (8.1 Reaction with PCl5 )
Slide 14 : Aldehyde and Ketones Chemical Properties of Aldehyde and Ketone Presented By:- Ritesh Kesharwani Sir Mona Modern Hr.Sec.School Sarangarh Chhattisgarh ( http:// mona.250free.com) 8. Other reaction :- (8.2 Reaction with CHCl3 ) 8. Other reaction :- (8.3 Perkin Reaction )
Slide 15 : Aldehyde and Ketones Chemical Properties of Aldehyde and Ketone Presented By:- Ritesh Kesharwani Sir Mona Modern Hr.Sec.School Sarangarh Chhattisgarh ( http:// mona.250free.com) 8. Other reaction :- (8.4 Knovengal Reaction )