Addressing the Network – IPv4 : Addressing the Network – IPv4 Network Fundamentals – Chapter 6
Objectives : Objectives Explain the structure of IP addressing and demonstrate the ability to convert between 8-bit binary and decimal numbers.
Given an IPv4 address, classify by type and describe how it is used in the network
Explain how addresses are assigned to networks by ISPs and within networks by administrators
Determine the network portion of the host address and explain the role of the subnet mask in dividing networks.
Given IPv4 addressing information and design criteria, calculate the appropriate addressing components.
Use common testing utilities to verify and test network connectivity and operational status of the IP protocol stack on a host.
Key Terms : Key Terms Public Addresses
Private Addresses
Classful Addressing
Classless Addressing
ANDing
Octet ICMP
Broadcast address
Network address
Dotted Decimal
Multicast
Unicast
And many more…
IP Address – Dots and Decimals : IP Address – Dots and Decimals The dotted decimal structure of a binary IP address breaks down into what parts? Octets
Network/Host
IP Addressing Structure : IP Addressing Structure The 32-bit IP address is divided into 8-bit groups known as Octets
To work with IP addressing, you need to be comfortable with binary or Base 2
The good news – you only have to memorize 8 binary values (next slide)
Converting IP Between Binary & Decimal : Converting IP Between Binary & Decimal Practice converting 8-bit binary to decimal
Sample Method for Conversion : Sample Method for Conversion Convert decimal to 8-bit binary
“Special” IP Addresses : Host bits cannot be all Zero’s or One’s
These bit combinations are reserved for special use “Special” IP Addresses Directed versus Limited Broadcast
Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses : Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Determine the network, broadcast and host addresses for a given address and prefix combination Address of 192.168.0.0 and Subnet Mask* of 255.255.255.0 *What is the purpose of the Subnet Mask?
Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses : Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Historic methods for assigning addresses used “classed” addresses
What is the Address Class? : 11 1. 176.186.14.112 176 = 10110000 =
2. 197.76.210.100 197 = 11000101 =
3. 129.118.32.189 129 = 10000001 =
4. 113.26.172.106 113 = 01110001 =
5. 201.200.100.90 201 = 11001001 =
6. 47.145.148.211 47 = 00101111 = What is the Address Class?
Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses : Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Current addressing methods are known as “classless”
Ignores the traditional octet boundaries in defining networks
Classless Internet Domain Routing (CIDR)
Uses a slash notation to indicate bit boundaries
Routers can use summarization for upstream devices
Enables use of Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM)
Provides more flexibility in assigning IPv4 address space Examples:
10.2.0.0 /16
172.16.1.0 /24
192.168.0.32 /28
Types of Destination Addresses : Network Layer addresses can be used for different roles Types of Destination Addresses
Public vs. Private IP Address Ranges : Public vs. Private IP Address Ranges RFC 1918 includes range 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.0.0
Additional non-Routed Address Ranges : Additional non-Routed Address Ranges Class B network reserved by Microsoft for APIPA
Assign an IP Address per Device : Assign an IP Address per Device IP addresses must be unique on the network
Can be Private or Public addresses
IP addresses must be unique to be routed on the Internet (Public only)
Choose Best Method for Assigning Address : Static IP addressing – manually assigned by admin
Dynamic IP addressing – assigned via DHCP Choose Best Method for Assigning Address
Assigning Addresses to devices : Assigning Addresses to devices There are no rules to assigning IP addresses
However, standardization helps with troubleshooting!!
Assigning Addresses to Entities : Assigning Addresses to Entities Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
Regional Internet Registries
ISP’s You
Assigning Addresses to Organizations : Assigning Addresses to Organizations Last mile providers
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