Writing a literature review (Basic)

Writing a literature review (Basic) : Writing a literature review (Basic) Hery Yanto The WiZiQ Free Online Class May 16, 2011 – 10.30PM HST

What is this presentation about? : : What is a literature review? : How to write a good literature review? Agenda: What is “literature review”? Elements of a literature review Basic steps on writing a literature review Examples of literature reviews What is this presentation about?

What is “literature review”? : “A literature review is an account of what has been published on a topic by accredited scholars and researchers. ” The purpose of writing the literature review is to “convey your reader what knowledge and ideas have been established on a topic, and what their strengths and weakness are.” (By Taylor, retrieved from http://www.utoronto.ca/writing) What is “literature review”?

What is “literature review”? : The integrative literature review is a distinctive form of research that generated new knowledge about the topic reviewed. It is a form of research that reviews, critiques, and synthesizes representative literature on a topic in an integrated way such that new frameworks and perspectives on the topic are generated. (2011 Student Research Conference: Exploring Opportunities in Research, Policy, and Practice) What is “literature review”?

What is “literature review”? : A literature review can be just a simple summary if the resources, but it usually has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis. A summary is a recap of the important information of the source, but a synthesis is a re-organization, or reshuffling, of that information. It might give a new interpretation of old material or combine new with old interpretations. Or it might trace the intellectual progression of the field, including major debates. ... The literature review may evaluate the sources and advise the reader on the most pertinent or relevant. (The Writing Center, Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) What is “literature review”?

Elements of a literature review : Topic or issue and themes or subtopics Overview of issue, subject relates with the issue, theory, and research methodology Pro and cons on the topic and author position Gap identified from researching the topic Elements of a literature review

Basic Steps on writing a literature review : Define a topic and subtopics Search resources Read and annotate important ideas from resources Organize annotation in a mind map or a table Decide focus to write Write the first draft Revise the draft – probably may ask for review from peer/colleague Write final paper and check the paper formatting to style/writing manual (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.) Basic Steps on writing a literature review

#1: Define a topic and subtopics : Example #1: Topic: ESL learners reading skills Subtopic: 1) Characteristics of ESL learners 2) Reading problems of ESL leaners 3) Teaching reading for ESL learners 4) Technology and learning for ESL learners #1: Define a topic and subtopics

#1: Define a topic and subtopics : Example #2: Topic: People living with HIV Subtopic: What are public opinions about people living with HIV? How to change stigma and misperception in public opinion about people living with HIV? Why people living with HIV need support from family and friends? How a support group can develop a positive thinking of people living with HIV? #1: Define a topic and subtopics

#2: Search resources : School or public library (offline and online) Google Scholar – Advanced search References listed on Wikipedia – NOT the Wikipedia Worldcat.org Mendeley.com Your personal journal subscription #2: Search resources

#3: Read and annotate important idea from the resource : Phase #1: Skim and Scan Use keyword or phrase to locate recourses on your search engine/database Read title, abstract, and the conclusion (journal article) or read title, short review, and table of content (book) Phase #2: Read carefully Go over the entire reading that you chosen from phase#1 Use highlight or annotate important ideas from the paper You may use Cornell note or other note taking techniques to annotate important ideas (PDF-XChange Reader, Google Docs, and Wikispace are some technologies that you can use to take your digital note) #3: Read and annotate important idea from the resource

#4: Organize your annotation in a mind map or table : Mind Mapping Word Processor has drawing tools that you can use to draw your idea Wikispace, Google Docs, and blog (LiveJournal, Blogger, Wordpress, etc.) are good options for listing ideas Free Mind Mapping Online Tools is available to use. For examples: bubbl.us, mindmeister.com, mindomo.com (Look at more here: http://mashable.com/2007/11/03/mindmapping/) #4: Organize your annotation in a mind map or table

#4: Organize your annotation in a mind map or table : Organize annotation in a table For example: Topic: _______________ Subtopic #1: ________________________ Reference List: 1. 2. 3. 4. #4: Organize your annotation in a mind map or table

#5: Decide focus to write : Based on your mind map or tables, you know what information you can get and what you cannot get. Maybe you will consider to delete one or two of your subtopics; or you will have to change the subtopic. Consider about how you want to organize your paper (chronological, methodological, thematic, etc.) #5: Decide focus to write

#6: Write your first draft : Keep in mind that this is a first draft. It doesn’t have to be perfect. Start with briefly introducing your idea, topic, and subtopics Use subtitles for every subtopics that you write. Avoid using your own opinions in this paper (summarize, synthesize, criticize) #6: Write your first draft

#7: Revise your draft : After having your first draft, let it down for a night or more. Revisit your draft and read it from the beginning to the end. While reading it, do some revision and editing. Having peers for proving feedbacks is highly recommended #7: Revise your draft

#8: Write final paper and check the formatting : Use your revised draft as a final paper. Write it based on requirements of submission. Refer to writing/style manual to check the formatting (font size, margin, heading-subheading, citation style, reference list, etc.) #8: Write final paper and check the formatting

Examples of Literature Review : Example #1: Currently, there are no suitable evidences to prove that e-book will replace p-book. The increasing demands of e-book is not decreasing the e-book purchased (Vasileiou, Hartley, & Rowley, 2009). However, e-book has become a new business as well as a new media (Fischer & Lugg, 2001; Vasileiou, Hartley, & Rowley, 2009). The number of e-book sellers, e-book reader devices, e-book software/apps, and e-book distributed freely on the web are increasing (Anderson, 2009; Vasileiou, Hartley, & Rowley, 2009). CyberRead and BooksOnBoard are examples of new e-book sellers. These sellers have to work hard on competing with power house in this industry, such as Amazon and Barner & Nobel (B&N). The E-matic and Miroad are two new e-book reader devices available as options for reading e-books besides Kindle, Nook, and Sony Reader. The variability of personal devices for reading e-books expanded by free e-book reader apps for iPhone, iPad, PC/Mac Computer, and Android. The free downloadable journal articles, for examples, Global Media Journal, International Journal of Communication, and AIDS Research, added to the improvement of e-book technologies. Examples of Literature Review

Examples of Literature Review : Example #2 With the improvement of web based information system, customer reviews can be done online (Cheung, Lee, & Rabjohn, 2008; Mudambi & Schuff, 2010). These online reviews are important for companies as well as the prospective customers (Mudambi & Schuff, 2010). Customer reviews are valuable for companies to improve the quality of products or services (Hsu, Chan, Liu, & Chen, 2008; Mudambi & Schuff, 2010). From the customer prespective, the reviews are for them to decide whether they are going to use the products or not (Preece, 2010). A great number of researches had been done for online customer reviews on commercial products, such as books, cosmetics, retail business, hotels and travels (Cheung, Lee, & Rabjohn, 2008; Mudambi & Schuff, 2010; Wu, Wei, Liu, Au, Cui, & Zhou, 2010, Nusair, & Kandampully, 2008). However, despite its future significant to benefit people to gain entertainment, performance, and educational values, researches about customer reviews on mobile-wireless apps are rarely found. Examples of Literature Review

Summary : Literature review is a form of research. Topic and subtopics are important elements to determine for writing a literature review. A good literature review can help scholars to answer their curiosity about problems in their field before doing a field research. Summary

Thank You : Contact information: Hery Yanto The University of Hawaii at Manoa herythe@hotmail.co.uk http://www.wiziq.com/uhmherythe Thank You