Ancient Civilizations

Ancient Civilizations : Ancient Civilizations 3500B.C.E. to C.E.500

The Fertile Crescent : The Fertile Crescent A piece of land stretching from eastern Mediterranean sea to the Persian Gulf Between Tigris & Euphrates Rivers Soil is rich, great for farming. Area is shaped like a crescent. Mesopotamia (Land between the rivers) to the east Mediterranean section to the west

Sumer (3500 B.C.E.) : Sumer (3500 B.C.E.) First People in the Fertile Crescent Skilled Builders & Artists Army is supplied with weapons Metals, stones, & wood were obtained by trading Kings were treated as gods Developed cuneiform(writing) Studied math & science ( a year has 360 days) First to use a wheel in farming, trade, and warfare

Egypt (3000 B.C.E.) : Egypt (3000 B.C.E.) Only civilization to continue to today 2700-2100 Old Kingdom:Great Pyramids & Sphinx are built 2100-1800 Middle Kingdom: Irrigation & canals built; conquered by invaders 1600-1100 New Kingdom: conquered many lands, became a great empire, begins to decline

Egypt : Egypt Made paper from papyrus Invented the calendar Built Great Pyramids Invented shadoof ( a crane-like device) Used a loom to weave cloth Invented hieroglyphics

Babylonia (2000 B.C.E.) : Babylonia (2000 B.C.E.) First to build temples to honor their gods Hammurabi’s Code (law) Nebuchadrezzar II (mentioned in the Bible for the first time) Astrology, movement of planets & stars effects human life Astrology lead to the discovery of Astronomy

Slide7 : This Code of Hammurabi reveals: 1. A stern sense of justice - proclaiming the principle of "an eye for an eye" and demanding severe punishment for crimes - bribery, theft, dishonest weights and measures, and damage to another's property. 2. A sharp division of classes - providing harsher punishment for an offense against a noble or priest than for the same offense against a common person - an artisan, merchant, farmer, or slave 3. A fair treatment of women - permitting them to own property and engage in business. However, the code strictly regulated the behavior of women. It expected a woman to remain in her husband's home and be dependent on him. A husband, however, had a legal duty to support his wife. The code also gave a father nearly unlimited authority over his children. The Babylonians believed that an orderly household headed by a strong father was necessary for a stable empire. 4. An advanced business society- establishing regulations for protecting property and business contracts, limiting interest on loans, and setting wages for workers.

Hebrew (1800 B.C.E.) : Hebrew (1800 B.C.E.) Monotheistic Exodus Ten commandments Recorded the Bible High moral behaviors, set new standards Prophets fought for justice of the weak & poor

Hittite Empire ( 1750 B.C.E.) : Hittite Empire ( 1750 B.C.E.) Among the first to use iron for weapons & tools Signed the first treaties

Assyria (1350 B.C.E.) : Assyria (1350 B.C.E.) Built first system of roads Began provincial governments Established first library

Phoenicia ( 1200 B.C.E.) : Phoenicia ( 1200 B.C.E.) Invented an alphabet Developed artistic skills ( carving ivory & stained glass) Traded goods all over the Mediterranean, spreading their goods & ideas and those of whom they trade with.

Persia ( 550 B.C.E.) : Persia ( 550 B.C.E.) Conquers Asia Minor & Fertile Crescent Divided huge empire into provinces Built roads & canals to improve trade Wrote the Avesta ( a religious book based on the beliefs of prophet Zoroaster) Conquered by Alexander the Great (Greece)

Ancient Greece(500 B.C.E.) : Ancient Greece (500 B.C.E.) The Golden Age of Athens Or The Golden Age of Pericles

Contributions of Greece : Contributions of Greece First democracy Scientific approach to medicine First dramas Rules of Geometry Philosophy Literature & Poetry Written Histories City-States/voting Hippocrates Euripides & Sophocles Euclid & Elements Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Homer & Sappho

More Contributions of Greece : More Contributions of Greece Studied & classified plants Created magnificent buildings & sculpture Architecture uses columns (Doric, Corinthian, and Ionic)

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Democracy : Democracy Democracy- a form of government in which the people rule Direct Democracy- citizens participate directly in passing the laws Representative Democracy- representatives are chosen to represent the people

Democracy : Democracy Only males 18 or older can attend assembly & vote No women No slaves No males from other countries

Peloponnesian War : Peloponnesian War Between Sparta & Athens Fought for control of Greece Lasted 27 years Sparta won!

Sparta v Athens : Sparta v Athens Women equal to men Taught to be loyal to the state & obey orders Mandatory military service for 60 years Loyalty over all else Subservient women Taught to question existence (philosophy) Choice of occupations Logic First & foremost

King Philip II of Macedonia : Defeated the Greek city-states after they were weakened by the Peloponnesian War. He united all the city-states under one rule, along with Macedonia. Philip II was murdered (awwwwww…) King Philip II of Macedonia

Alexander the Great : Alexander the Great Became king after his father was murdered Between age 20 & 22, he defeated King Darius and the Persian Empire Alexander’s Empire was now largest in the world! ( It extended from Greece to India, including Alexandria in Egypt) He died at age 32.

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Slide26 : http://kszczepaniak.myteacher.dvusd.com/stories/storyReader$126 http://home.cfl.rr.com/crossland/AncientCivilizations/Middle_East_Civilizations/Sumerians/sumerians.html