HTML5

HTML5 Elements Table of Contents 1. 1 Introduction 1. 1.1 Background 2. 1.2 Audience 3. 1.3 Scope 4. 1.4 History 5. 1.5 Design notes 1. 1.5.1 Serializability of script execution 2. 1.5.2 Compliance with other specifications 6. 1.6 HTML vs XHTML 7. 1.7 Structure of this specification 1. 1.7.1 How to read this specification 2. 1.7.2 Typographic conventions 8. 1.8 A quick introduction to HTML 9. 1.9 Conformance requirements for authors 1. 1.9.1 Presentational markup 2. 1.9.2 Syntax errors 3. 1.9.3 Restrictions on content models and on attribute values 10. 1.10 Recommended reading 2. 2 Common infrastructure 1. 2.1 Terminology 1. 2.1.1 Resources 2. 2.1.2 XML 3. 2.1.3 DOM trees 4. 2.1.4 Scripting 5. 2.1.5 Plugins 6. 2.1.6 Character encodings 2. 2.2 Conformance requirements 1. 2.2.1 Dependencies 2. 2.2.2 Extensibility 3. 2.3 Case-sensitivity and string comparison 4. 2.4 UTF-8 5. 2.5 Common microsyntaxes 1. 2.5.1 Common parser idioms 2. 2.5.2 Boolean attributes 3. 2.5.3 Keywords and enumerated attributes 4. 2.5.4 Numbers 1. 2.5.4.1 Non-negative integers 2. 2.5.4.2 Signed integers 3. 2.5.4.3 Real numbers 4. 2.5.4.4 Percentages and lengths 5. 2.5.4.5 Lists of integers 6. 2.5.4.6 Lists of dimensions 5. 2.5.5 Dates and times 1. 2.5.5.1 Months 2. 2.5.5.2 Dates 3. 2.5.5.3 Times 4. 2.5.5.4 Local dates and times 5. 2.5.5.5 Global dates and times 6. 2.5.5.6 Weeks 7. 2.5.5.7 Vaguer moments in time 6. 2.5.6 Colors 7. 2.5.7 Space-separated tokens 8. 2.5.8 Comma-separated tokens 9. 2.5.9 References 10. 2.5.10 Media queries 6. 2.6 URLs 1. 2.6.1 Terminology 2. 2.6.2 Dynamic changes to base URLs 3. 2.6.3 Interfaces for URL manipulation 7. 2.7 Fetching resources 1. 2.7.1 Protocol concepts 2. 2.7.2 Encrypted HTTP and related security concerns 3. 2.7.3 Determining the type of a resource 8. 2.8 Common DOM interfaces 1. 2.8.1 Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes 2. 2.8.2 Collections 1. 2.8.2.1 HTMLCollection 2. 2.8.2.2 HTMLAllCollection 3. 2.8.2.3 HTMLFormControlsCollection 4. 2.8.2.4 HTMLOptionsCollection 3. 2.8.3 DOMTokenList 4. 2.8.4 DOMSettableTokenList 5. 2.8.5 Safe passing of structured data 6. 2.8.6 DOMStringMap 7. 2.8.7 DOM feature strings 8. 2.8.8 Exceptions 9. 2.8.9 Garbage collection 9. 2.9 Namespaces 3. 3 Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents 1. 3.1 Documents 1. 3.1.1 Documents in the DOM 2. 3.1.2 Security 3. 3.1.3 Resource metadata management 4. 3.1.4 DOM tree accessors 5. 3.1.5 Creating documents 6. 3.1.6 Loading XML documents 2. 3.2 Elements 1. 3.2.1 Semantics 2. 3.2.2 Elements in the DOM 3. 3.2.3 Global attributes 1. 3.2.3.1 The id attribute 2. 3.2.3.2 The title attribute 3. 3.2.3.3 The lang and xml:lang attributes 4. 3.2.3.4 The xml:base attribute (XML only) 5. 3.2.3.5 The dir attribute 6. 3.2.3.6 The class attribute 7. 3.2.3.7 The style attribute 8. 3.2.3.8 Embedding custom non-visible data with the data-* attributes 4. 3.2.4 Element definitions 1. 3.2.4.1 Attributes 5. 3.2.5 Content models 1. 3.2.5.1 Kinds of content 1. 3.2.5.1.1 Metadata content 2. 3.2.5.1.2 Flow content 3. 3.2.5.1.3 Sectioning content 4. 3.2.5.1.4 Heading content 5. 3.2.5.1.5 Phrasing content 6. 3.2.5.1.6 Embedded content 7. 3.2.5.1.7 Interactive content 2. 3.2.5.2 Transparent content models 3. 3.2.5.3 Paragraphs 6. 3.2.6 Annotations for assistive technology products (ARIA) 3. 3.3 APIs in HTML documents 4. 3.4 Interactions with XPath and XSLT 5. 3.5 Dynamic markup insertion 1. 3.5.1 Opening the input stream 2. 3.5.2 Closing the input stream 3. 3.5.3 document.write() 4. 3.5.4 document.writeln() 5. 3.5.5 innerHTML 6. 3.5.6 outerHTML 7. 3.5.7 insertAdjacentHTML() 4. 4 The elements of HTML 1. 4.1 The root element 1. 4.1.1 The html element 2. 4.2 Document metadata 1. 4.2.1 The head element 2. 4.2.2 The title element 3. 4.2.3 The base element 4. 4.2.4 The link element 5. 4.2.5 The meta element 1. 4.2.5.1 Standard metadata names 2. 4.2.5.2 Other metadata names 3. 4.2.5.3 Pragma directives 4. 4.2.5.4 Other pragma directives 5. 4.2.5.5 Specifying the document's character encoding 6. 4.2.6 The style element 7. 4.2.7 Styling 3. 4.3 Scripting 1. 4.3.1 The script element 1. 4.3.1.1 Scripting languages 2. 4.3.1.2 Restrictions for contents of script elements 3. 4.3.1.3 Inline documentation for external scripts 2. 4.3.2 The noscript element 4. 4.4 Sections 1. 4.4.1 The body element 2. 4.4.2 The section element 3. 4.4.3 The nav element 4. 4.4.4 The article element 5. 4.4.5 The aside element 6. 4.4.6 The h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6 elements 7. 4.4.7 The hgroup element 8. 4.4.8 The header element 9. 4.4.9 The footer element 10. 4.4.10 The address element 11. 4.4.11 Headings and sections 1. 4.4.11.1 Creating an outline 5. 4.5 Grouping content 1. 4.5.1 The p element 2. 4.5.2 The hr element 3. 4.5.3 The pre element 4. 4.5.4 The blockquote element 5. 4.5.5 The ol element 6. 4.5.6 The ul element 7. 4.5.7 The li element 8. 4.5.8 The dl element 9. 4.5.9 The dt element 10. 4.5.10 The dd element 11. 4.5.11 The figure element 12. 4.5.12 The figcaption element 13. 4.5.13 The div element 6. 4.6 Text-level semantics 1. 4.6.1 The a element 2. 4.6.2 The em element 3. 4.6.3 The strong element 4. 4.6.4 The small element 5. 4.6.5 The s element 6. 4.6.6 The cite element 7. 4.6.7 The q element 8. 4.6.8 The dfn element 9. 4.6.9 The abbr element 10. 4.6.10 The time element 11. 4.6.11 The code element 12. 4.6.12 The var element 13. 4.6.13 The samp element 14. 4.6.14 The kbd element 15. 4.6.15 The sub and sup elements 16. 4.6.16 The i element 17. 4.6.17 The b element 18. 4.6.18 The mark element 19. 4.6.19 The ruby element 20. 4.6.20 The rt element 21. 4.6.21 The rp element 22. 4.6.22 The bdo element 23. 4.6.23 The span element 24. 4.6.24 The br element 25. 4.6.25 The wbr element 26. 4.6.26 Usage summary 7. 4.7 Edits 1. 4.7.1 The ins element 2. 4.7.2 The del element 3. 4.7.3 Attributes common to ins and del elements 4. 4.7.4 Edits and paragraphs 5. 4.7.5 Edits and lists 8. 4.8 Embedded content 1. 4.8.1 The img element 1. 4.8.1.1 Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images 1. 4.8.1.1.1 General guidelines 2. 4.8.1.1.2 A link or button containing nothing but the image 3. 4.8.1.1.3 A phrase or paragraph with an alternative graphical representation: charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, illustrations 4. 4.8.1.1.4 A short phrase or label with an alternative graphical representation: icons, logos 5. 4.8.1.1.5 Text that has been rendered to a graphic for typographical effect 6. 4.8.1.1.6 A graphical representation of some of the surrounding text 7. 4.8.1.1.7 A purely decorative image that doesn't add any information 8. 4.8.1.1.8 A group of images that form a single larger picture with no links 9. 4.8.1.1.9 A group of images that form a single larger picture with links 10. 4.8.1.1.10 A key part of the content 11. 4.8.1.1.11 An image not intended for the user 12. 4.8.1.1.12 An image in an e-mail or private document intended for a specific person who is known to be able to view images 13. 4.8.1.1.13 Guidance for markup generators 14. 4.8.1.1.14 Guidance for conformance checkers 2. 4.8.2 The iframe element 3. 4.8.3 The embed element 4. 4.8.4 The object element 5. 4.8.5 The param element 6. 4.8.6 The video element 7. 4.8.7 The audio element 8. 4.8.8 The source element 9. 4.8.9 Media elements 1. 4.8.9.1 Error codes 2. 4.8.9.2 Location of the media resource 3. 4.8.9.3 MIME types 4. 4.8.9.4 Network states 5. 4.8.9.5 Loading the media resource 6. 4.8.9.6 Offsets into the media resource 7. 4.8.9.7 The ready states 8. 4.8.9.8 Playing the media resource 9. 4.8.9.9 Seeking 10. 4.8.9.10 User interface 11. 4.8.9.11 Time ranges 12. 4.8.9.12 Event summary 13. 4.8.9.13 Security and privacy considerations 10. 4.8.10 The canvas element 1. 4.8.10.1 Color spaces and color correction 2. 4.8.10.2 Security with canvas elements 11. 4.8.11 The map element 12. 4.8.12 The area element 13. 4.8.13 Image maps 1. 4.8.13.1 Authoring 2. 4.8.13.2 Processing model 14. 4.8.14 MathML 15. 4.8.15 SVG 16. 4.8.16 Dimension attributes 9. 4.9 Tabular data 1. 4.9.1 The table element 2. 4.9.2 The caption element 3. 4.9.3 The colgroup element 4. 4.9.4 The col element 5. 4.9.5 The tbody element 6. 4.9.6 The thead element 7. 4.9.7 The tfoot element 8. 4.9.8 The tr element 9. 4.9.9 The td element 10. 4.9.10 The th element 11. 4.9.11 Attributes common to td and th elements 12. 4.9.12 Processing model 1. 4.9.12.1 Forming a table 2. 4.9.12.2 Forming relationships between data cells and header cells 13. 4.9.13 Examples 10. 4.10 Forms 1. 4.10.1 Introduction 1. 4.10.1.1 Writing a form's user interface 2. 4.10.1.2 Implementing the server-side processing for a form 3. 4.10.1.3 Configuring a form to communicate with a server 4. 4.10.1.4 Client-side form validation 2. 4.10.2 Categories 3. 4.10.3 The form element 4. 4.10.4 The fieldset element 5. 4.10.5 The legend element 6. 4.10.6 The label element 7. 4.10.7 The input element 1. 4.10.7.1 States of the type attribute 1. 4.10.7.1.1 Hidden state 2. 4.10.7.1.2 Text state and Search state 3. 4.10.7.1.3 Telephone state 4. 4.10.7.1.4 URL state 5. 4.10.7.1.5 E-mail state 6. 4.10.7.1.6 Password state 7. 4.10.7.1.7 Date and Time state 8. 4.10.7.1.8 Date state 9. 4.10.7.1.9 Month state 10. 4.10.7.1.10 Week state 11. 4.10.7.1.11 Time state 12. 4.10.7.1.12 Local Date and Time state 13. 4.10.7.1.13 Number state 14. 4.10.7.1.14 Range state 15. 4.10.7.1.15 Color state 16. 4.10.7.1.16 Checkbox state 17. 4.10.7.1.17 Radio Button state 18. 4.10.7.1.18 File Upload state 19. 4.10.7.1.19 Submit Button state 20. 4.10.7.1.20 Image Button state 21. 4.10.7.1.21 Reset Button state 22. 4.10.7.1.22 Button state 2. 4.10.7.2 Common input element attributes 1. 4.10.7.2.1 The autocomplete attribute 2. 4.10.7.2.2 The list attribute 3. 4.10.7.2.3 The readonly attribute 4. 4.10.7.2.4 The size attribute 5. 4.10.7.2.5 The required attribute 6. 4.10.7.2.6 The multiple attribute 7. 4.10.7.2.7 The maxlength attribute 8. 4.10.7.2.8 The pattern attribute 9. 4.10.7.2.9 The min and max attributes 10. 4.10.7.2.10 The step attribute 11. 4.10.7.2.11 The placeholder attribute 3. 4.10.7.3 Common input element APIs 4. 4.10.7.4 Common event behaviors 8. 4.10.8 The button element 9. 4.10.9 The select element 10. 4.10.10 The datalist element 11. 4.10.11 The optgroup element 12. 4.10.12 The option element 13. 4.10.13 The textarea element 14. 4.10.14 The keygen element 15. 4.10.15 The output element 16. 4.10.16 The progress element 17. 4.10.17 The meter element 18. 4.10.18 Association of controls and forms 19. 4.10.19 Attributes common to form controls 1. 4.10.19.1 Naming form controls 2. 4.10.19.2 Enabling and disabling form controls 3. 4.10.19.3 A form control's value 4. 4.10.19.4 Autofocusing a form control 5. 4.10.19.5 Limiting user input length 6. 4.10.19.6 Form submission 11. 4.11 APIs for the text field selections 1. 4.11.1 Constraints 1. 4.11.1.1 Definitions 2. 4.11.1.2 Constraint validation 3. 4.11.1.3 The constraint validation API 4. 4.11.1.4 Security 2. 4.11.2 Form submission 1. 4.11.2.1 Introduction 2. 4.11.2.2 Implicit submission 3. 4.11.2.3 Form submission algorithm 4. 4.11.2.4 URL-encoded form data 5. 4.11.2.5 Multipart form data 6. 4.11.2.6 Plain text form data 3. 4.11.3 Resetting a form 4. 4.11.4 Event dispatch 12. 4.12 Interactive elements 1. 4.12.1 The details element 2. 4.12.2 The summary element 3. 4.12.3 The command element 4. 4.12.4 The menu element 1. 4.12.4.1 Introduction 2. 4.12.4.2 Building menus and toolbars 3. 4.12.4.3 Context menus 4. 4.12.4.4 Toolbars 5. 4.12.5 Commands 1. 4.12.5.1 Using the a element to define a command 2. 4.12.5.2 Using the button element to define a command 3. 4.12.5.3 Using the input element to define a command 4. 4.12.5.4 Using the option element to define a command 5. 4.12.5.5 Using the command element to define a command 6. 4.12.5.6 Using the accesskey attribute on a label element to define a command 7. 4.12.5.7 Using the accesskey attribute on a legend element to define a command 8. 4.12.5.8 Using the accesskey attribute to define a command on other elements 13. 4.13 Links 1. 4.13.1 Introduction 2. 4.13.2 Links created by a and area elements 3. 4.13.3 Following hyperlinks 4. 4.13.4 Link types 1. 4.13.4.1 Link type "alternate" 2. 4.13.4.2 Link type "archives" 3. 4.13.4.3 Link type "author" 4. 4.13.4.4 Link type "bookmark" 5. 4.13.4.5 Link type "external" 6. 4.13.4.6 Link type "help" 7. 4.13.4.7 Link type "icon" 8. 4.13.4.8 Link type "license" 9. 4.13.4.9 Link type "nofollow" 10. 4.13.4.10 Link type "noreferrer" 11. 4.13.4.11 Link type "pingback" 12. 4.13.4.12 Link type "prefetch" 13. 4.13.4.13 Link type "search" 14. 4.13.4.14 Link type "stylesheet" 15. 4.13.4.15 Link type "sidebar" 16. 4.13.4.16 Link type "tag" 17. 4.13.4.17 Hierarchical link types 1. 4.13.4.17.1 Link type "index" 2. 4.13.4.17.2 Link type "up" 18. 4.13.4.18 Sequential link types 1. 4.13.4.18.1 Link type "first" 2. 4.13.4.18.2 Link type "last" 3. 4.13.4.18.3 Link type "next" 4. 4.13.4.18.4 Link type "prev" 19. 4.13.4.19 Other link types 14. 4.14 Common idioms without dedicated elements 1. 4.14.1 The main part of the content 2. 4.14.2 Tag clouds 3. 4.14.3 Conversations 4. 4.14.4 Footnotes 15. 4.15 Matching HTML elements using selectors 1. 4.15.1 Case-sensitivity 2. 4.15.2 Pseudo-classes 5. 5 Loading Web pages 1. 5.1 Browsing contexts 1. 5.1.1 Nested browsing contexts 1. 5.1.1.1 Navigating nested browsing contexts in the DOM 2. 5.1.2 Auxiliary browsing contexts 1. 5.1.2.1 Navigating auxiliary browsing contexts in the DOM 3. 5.1.3 Secondary browsing contexts 4. 5.1.4 Security 5. 5.1.5 Groupings of browsing contexts 6. 5.1.6 Browsing context names 2. 5.2 The Window object 1. 5.2.1 Security 2. 5.2.2 APIs for creating and navigating browsing contexts by name 3. 5.2.3 Accessing other browsing contexts 4. 5.2.4 Named access on the Window object 5. 5.2.5 Garbage collection and browsing contexts 6. 5.2.6 Browser interface elements 7. 5.2.7 The WindowProxy object 3. 5.3 Origin 1. 5.3.1 Relaxing the same-origin restriction 4. 5.4 Session history and navigation 1. 5.4.1 The session history of browsing contexts 2. 5.4.2 The History interface 3. 5.4.3 The Location interface 1. 5.4.3.1 Security 4. 5.4.4 Implementation notes for session history 5. 5.5 Browsing the Web 1. 5.5.1 Navigating across documents 2. 5.5.2 Page load processing model for HTML files 3. 5.5.3 Page load processing model for XML files 4. 5.5.4 Page load processing model for text files 5. 5.5.5 Page load processing model for images 6. 5.5.6 Page load processing model for content that uses plugins 7. 5.5.7 Page load processing model for inline content that doesn't have a DOM 8. 5.5.8 Navigating to a fragment identifier 9. 5.5.9 History traversal 1. 5.5.9.1 Event definitions 10. 5.5.10 Unloading documents 1. 5.5.10.1 Event definition 11. 5.5.11 Aborting a document load 6. 5.6 Offline Web applications 1. 5.6.1 Introduction 1. 5.6.1.1 Event summary 2. 5.6.2 Application caches 3. 5.6.3 The cache manifest syntax 1. 5.6.3.1 Some sample manifests 2. 5.6.3.2 Writing cache manifests 3. 5.6.3.3 Parsing cache manifests 4. 5.6.4 Downloading or updating an application cache 5. 5.6.5 The application cache selection algorithm 6. 5.6.6 Changes to the networking model 7. 5.6.7 Expiring application caches 8. 5.6.8 Disk space 9. 5.6.9 Application cache API 10. 5.6.10 Browser state 6. 6 Web application APIs 1. 6.1 Scripting 1. 6.1.1 Introduction 2. 6.1.2 Enabling and disabling scripting 3. 6.1.3 Processing model 1. 6.1.3.1 Definitions 2. 6.1.3.2 Calling scripts 3. 6.1.3.3 Creating scripts 4. 6.1.3.4 Killing scripts 4. 6.1.4 Event loops 1. 6.1.4.1 Definitions 2. 6.1.4.2 Processing model 3. 6.1.4.3 Generic task sources 5. 6.1.5 The javascript: protocol 6. 6.1.6 Events 1. 6.1.6.1 Event handlers 2. 6.1.6.2 Event handlers on elements, Document objects, and Window objects 3. 6.1.6.3 Event firing 4. 6.1.6.4 Events and the Window object 5. 6.1.6.5 Runtime script errors 2. 6.2 Timers 3. 6.3 User prompts 1. 6.3.1 Simple dialogs 2. 6.3.2 Printing 3. 6.3.3 Dialogs implemented using separate documents 4. 6.4 System state and capabilities: the Navigator object 1. 6.4.1 Client identification 2. 6.4.2 Custom scheme and content handlers 1. 6.4.2.1 Security and privacy 2. 6.4.2.2 Sample user interface 3. 6.4.3 Manually releasing the storage mutex 7. 7 User interaction 1. 7.1 The hidden attribute 2. 7.2 Activation 3. 7.3 Scrolling elements into view 4. 7.4 Focus 1. 7.4.1 Sequential focus navigation and the tabindex attribute 2. 7.4.2 Focus management 3. 7.4.3 Document-level focus APIs 4. 7.4.4 Element-level focus APIs 5. 7.5 Assigning keyboard shortcuts 1. 7.5.1 Introduction 2. 7.5.2 The accesskey attribute 3. 7.5.3 Processing model 6. 7.6 The contenteditable attribute 1. 7.6.1 User editing actions 2. 7.6.2 Making entire documents editable 7. 7.7 Spelling and grammar checking 8. 7.8 Drag and drop 1. 7.8.1 Introduction 2. 7.8.2 The DragEvent and DataTransfer interfaces 3. 7.8.3 Events fired during a drag-and-drop action 4. 7.8.4 Drag-and-drop processing model 1. 7.8.4.1 When the drag-and-drop operation starts or ends in another document 2. 7.8.4.2 When the drag-and-drop operation starts or ends in another application 5. 7.8.5 The draggable attribute 6. 7.8.6 Security risks in the drag-and-drop model 9. 7.9 Undo history 1. 7.9.1 Definitions 2. 7.9.2 The UndoManager interface 3. 7.9.3 Undo: moving back in the undo transaction history 4. 7.9.4 Redo: moving forward in the undo transaction history 5. 7.9.5 The UndoManagerEvent interface and the undo and redo events 6. 7.9.6 Implementation notes 10. 7.10 Editing APIs 8. 8 The HTML syntax 1. 8.1 Writing HTML documents 1. 8.1.1 The DOCTYPE 2. 8.1.2 Elements 1. 8.1.2.1 Start tags 2. 8.1.2.2 End tags 3. 8.1.2.3 Attributes 4. 8.1.2.4 Optional tags 5. 8.1.2.5 Restrictions on content models 6. 8.1.2.6 Restrictions on the contents of raw text and RCDATA elements 3. 8.1.3 Text 1. 8.1.3.1 Newlines 4. 8.1.4 Character references 5. 8.1.5 CDATA sections 6. 8.1.6 Comments 2. 8.2 Parsing HTML documents 1. 8.2.1 Overview of the parsing model 2. 8.2.2 The input stream 1. 8.2.2.1 Determining the character encoding 2. 8.2.2.2 Character encodings 3. 8.2.2.3 Preprocessing the input stream 4. 8.2.2.4 Changing the encoding while parsing 3. 8.2.3 Parse state 1. 8.2.3.1 The insertion mode 2. 8.2.3.2 The stack of open elements 3. 8.2.3.3 The list of active formatting elements 4. 8.2.3.4 The element pointers 5. 8.2.3.5 Other parsing state flags 4. 8.2.4 Tokenization 1. 8.2.4.1 Data state 2. 8.2.4.2 Character reference in data state 3. 8.2.4.3 RCDATA state 4. 8.2.4.4 Character reference in RCDATA state 5. 8.2.4.5 RAWTEXT state 6. 8.2.4.6 Script data state 7. 8.2.4.7 PLAINTEXT state 8. 8.2.4.8 Tag open state 9. 8.2.4.9 End tag open state 10. 8.2.4.10 Tag name state 11. 8.2.4.11 RCDATA less-than sign state 12. 8.2.4.12 RCDATA end tag open state 13. 8.2.4.13 RCDATA end tag name state 14. 8.2.4.14 RAWTEXT less-than sign state 15. 8.2.4.15 RAWTEXT end tag open state 16. 8.2.4.16 RAWTEXT end tag name state 17. 8.2.4.17 Script data less-than sign state 18. 8.2.4.18 Script data end tag open state 19. 8.2.4.19 Script data end tag name state 20. 8.2.4.20 Script data escape start state 21. 8.2.4.21 Script data escape start dash state 22. 8.2.4.22 Script data escaped state 23. 8.2.4.23 Script data escaped dash state 24. 8.2.4.24 Script data escaped dash dash state 25. 8.2.4.25 Script data escaped less-than sign state 26. 8.2.4.26 Script data escaped end tag open state 27. 8.2.4.27 Script data escaped end tag name state 28. 8.2.4.28 Script data double escape start state 29. 8.2.4.29 Script data double escaped state 30. 8.2.4.30 Script data double escaped dash state 31. 8.2.4.31 Script data double escaped dash dash state 32. 8.2.4.32 Script data double escaped less-than sign state 33. 8.2.4.33 Script data double escape end state 34. 8.2.4.34 Before attribute name state 35. 8.2.4.35 Attribute name state 36. 8.2.4.36 After attribute name state 37. 8.2.4.37 Before attribute value state 38. 8.2.4.38 Attribute value (double-quoted) state 39. 8.2.4.39 Attribute value (single-quoted) state 40. 8.2.4.40 Attribute value (unquoted) state 41. 8.2.4.41 Character reference in attribute value state 42. 8.2.4.42 After attribute value (quoted) state 43. 8.2.4.43 Self-closing start tag state 44. 8.2.4.44 Bogus comment state 45. 8.2.4.45 Markup declaration open state 46. 8.2.4.46 Comment start state 47. 8.2.4.47 Comment start dash state 48. 8.2.4.48 Comment state 49. 8.2.4.49 Comment end dash state 50. 8.2.4.50 Comment end state 51. 8.2.4.51 Comment end bang state 52. 8.2.4.52 DOCTYPE state 53. 8.2.4.53 Before DOCTYPE name state 54. 8.2.4.54 DOCTYPE name state 55. 8.2.4.55 After DOCTYPE name state 56. 8.2.4.56 After DOCTYPE public keyword state 57. 8.2.4.57 Before DOCTYPE public identifier state 58. 8.2.4.58 DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state 59. 8.2.4.59 DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state 60. 8.2.4.60 After DOCTYPE public identifier state 61. 8.2.4.61 Between DOCTYPE public and system identifiers state 62. 8.2.4.62 After DOCTYPE system keyword state 63. 8.2.4.63 Before DOCTYPE system identifier state 64. 8.2.4.64 DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state 65. 8.2.4.65 DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state 66. 8.2.4.66 After DOCTYPE system identifier state 67. 8.2.4.67 Bogus DOCTYPE state 68. 8.2.4.68 CDATA section state 69. 8.2.4.69 Tokenizing character references 5. 8.2.5 Tree construction 1. 8.2.5.1 Creating and inserting elements 2. 8.2.5.2 Closing elements that have implied end tags 3. 8.2.5.3 Foster parenting 4. 8.2.5.4 The "initial" insertion mode 5. 8.2.5.5 The "before html" insertion mode 6. 8.2.5.6 The "before head" insertion mode 7. 8.2.5.7 The "in head" insertion mode 8. 8.2.5.8 The "in head noscript" insertion mode 9. 8.2.5.9 The "after head" insertion mode 10. 8.2.5.10 The "in body" insertion mode 11. 8.2.5.11 The "text" insertion mode 12. 8.2.5.12 The "in table" insertion mode 13. 8.2.5.13 The "in table text" insertion mode 14. 8.2.5.14 The "in caption" insertion mode 15. 8.2.5.15 The "in column group" insertion mode 16. 8.2.5.16 The "in table body" insertion mode 17. 8.2.5.17 The "in row" insertion mode 18. 8.2.5.18 The "in cell" insertion mode 19. 8.2.5.19 The "in select" insertion mode 20. 8.2.5.20 The "in select in table" insertion mode 21. 8.2.5.21 The "in foreign content" insertion mode 22. 8.2.5.22 The "after body" insertion mode 23. 8.2.5.23 The "in frameset" insertion mode 24. 8.2.5.24 The "after frameset" insertion mode 25. 8.2.5.25 The "after after body" insertion mode 26. 8.2.5.26 The "after after frameset" insertion mode 6. 8.2.6 The end 7. 8.2.7 Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset 8. 8.2.8 An introduction to error handling and strange cases in the parser 1. 8.2.8.1 Misnested tags: 2. 8.2.8.2 Misnested tags:

3. 8.2.8.3 Unexpected markup in tables 4. 8.2.8.4 Scripts that modify the page as it is being parsed 3. 8.3 Serializing HTML fragments 4. 8.4 Parsing HTML fragments 5. 8.5 Named character references 9. 9 The XHTML syntax 1. 9.1 Writing XHTML documents 2. 9.2 Parsing XHTML documents 3. 9.3 Serializing XHTML fragments 4. 9.4 Parsing XHTML fragments 10. 10 Rendering 1. 10.1 Introduction 2. 10.2 The CSS user agent style sheet and presentational hints 1. 10.2.1 Introduction 2. 10.2.2 Display types 3. 10.2.3 Margins and padding 4. 10.2.4 Alignment 5. 10.2.5 Fonts and colors 6. 10.2.6 Punctuation and decorations 7. 10.2.7 Resetting rules for inherited properties 8. 10.2.8 The hr element 9. 10.2.9 The fieldset element 3. 10.3 Replaced elements 1. 10.3.1 Embedded content 2. 10.3.2 Images 3. 10.3.3 Attributes for embedded content and images 4. 10.3.4 Image maps 5. 10.3.5 Toolbars 4. 10.4 Bindings 1. 10.4.1 Introduction 2. 10.4.2 The button element 3. 10.4.3 The details element 4. 10.4.4 The input element as a text entry widget 5. 10.4.5 The input element as domain-specific widgets 6. 10.4.6 The input element as a range control 7. 10.4.7 The input element as a color well 8. 10.4.8 The input element as a check box and radio button widgets 9. 10.4.9 The input element as a file upload control 10. 10.4.10 The input element as a button 11. 10.4.11 The marquee element 12. 10.4.12 The meter element 13. 10.4.13 The progress element 14. 10.4.14 The select element 15. 10.4.15 The textarea element 16. 10.4.16 The keygen element 17. 10.4.17 The time element 5. 10.5 Frames and framesets 6. 10.6 Interactive media 1. 10.6.1 Links, forms, and navigation 2. 10.6.2 The title attribute 3. 10.6.3 Editing hosts 7. 10.7 Print media 11. 11 Obsolete features 1. 11.1 Obsolete but conforming features 1. 11.1.1 Warnings for obsolete but conforming features 2. 11.2 Non-conforming features 3. 11.3 Requirements for implementations 1. 11.3.1 The applet element 2. 11.3.2 The marquee element 3. 11.3.3 Frames 4. 11.3.4 Other elements, attributes and APIs 12. 12 IANA considerations 1. 12.1 text/html 2. 12.2 text/html-sandboxed 3. 12.3 application/xhtml+xml 4. 12.4 text/cache-manifest