Welcome -Introduction to Medical Terminology for : Welcome -Introduction to Medical Terminology for Medical Typists .
Medical Transcriptionists
Health care professionals
Medical Terminology is a language of its own built up of : Medical Terminology is a language of its own built up of Word roots
Prefixes and
Suffixes
Mostly borrowed from Latin and Greek.
How medical words are formed.. : How medical words are formed.. We start with a…..
How medical words are formed.. : How medical words are formed.. Then we add either a …
How medical words are formed.. : How medical words are formed.. Or a suffix or both …
How medical words are formed.. : How medical words are formed..
Before adding a suffix to the root... : Before adding a suffix to the root... We change the root a little bit to make it easier to pronounce the word.
We do it mostly by adding the letter... : We do it mostly by adding the letter...
When we add the letter “o” to the root, it is now called a.... : When we add the letter “o” to the root, it is now called a.... When the letter “o” is added to the root, it is now called…
Let’s go over what we have learnt so far… : Let’s go over what we have learnt so far…
Elements of a Medical Term: : Elements of a Medical Term: Root
Suffix
Prefix
Combining Vowel ( usually O )
Combining Form ( root + vowel)
Combining Form - Example 1. : Combining Form - Example 1. Gastr/o = stomach
Root = Gastr ( difficult to pronounce..)
combining vowel = o
Combining FORM = Gastr/o
Remember to use the stroke / to indicate that it is the combining form.
Combining Form. Example 2 : Combining Form. Example 2 Cardi = ( root ) = heart
O = combining vowel
Cardi/o
Root + combining vowel = Combining Form.
Quiz time... : Quiz time... . How do you Combine the root (cardi) , meaning “heart,”
with the suffix (-logy ), meaning “study of,”
to form a word meaning “study of the heart.”.
The Answer... : The Answer... Cardi + o = cardio
Cardio + logy = cardiology.
Three rules about making combining forms... : Three rules about making combining forms... Rule #1. How to use words Ending in “x“ ?
E.g. Pharynx
Say, you want to make a word that means “relating to the pharynx..”
The suffix for “relating to “ is (- al ) or (-eal )
How to you make the word? Try..
Pharynx + o + al ???
Pharynxoal?
That sounds a bit odd ...
Rule #1... : Rule #1... In this case we change
x to g
Pharyn + g + eal =
Pharyngeal
A quick quiz... : A quick quiz... coccyx .. (pronounced /ˈkɒksɪks/, KOK-siks; plural: coccyges), means the tail bone.
How do you make the word “ Relating to coccyx“ ….?
The Answer... : The Answer... Coccyx
Change x to g
Add - eal
Coccygeal.
Rule #2If a vowel comes before the x, : Rule #2If a vowel comes before the x, such as (ax ) or (ix),
you change the (x ) to a (c).
E.g. thorax (chest)
We want to make a new word that means “ relating to the chest”
The suffix for “ relating to is : - ic
Can we use : thoraxic – ( that is not easy on the tongue..)
The correct word is : thoracic
A quick quiz... : A quick quiz... How do you make the word that means “ relating to the cervix” ?
The answer ... : The answer ... Cervix
Change (x) to (c)
A suffix that means “ relating to or pertaining to “ is (-al)
So we have : cervical
Rule #3 :Suffixes Beginning with rh : Rule #3 :Suffixes Beginning with rh When you add a suffix beginning with (-rh) to a root,
the r is doubled
E.g. hem/o (blood) +
-rhage (bursting forth)
= hemorrhage (a bursting forth of blood)
A quick quiz.. : A quick quiz.. men/o = (menses)
How do you make the word that means : menstrual flow
11Revision Quiz : 11Revision Quiz Aden/o - Gland
- oma = tumour or mass.
What is a tumour of a gland ?
Adenoma
16 : 16 Carcin/o = cancerous, cancer.
Build the term for “ A cancerous tumour.”
Slide 27 : If the suffix “itis “ = “ inflammation”
What is the medical term for :
“inflammation of a gland”
( mind the pronunciation…)
12. : 12. Derm/o and Dermat/o both mean “The skin”
What is the word for inflammation of the skin ?
13 : 13 Arthr/o = joint.
What is the term for inflammation of a joint ?
15 : 15 Enter/o = intestines ( usually the small intestines )
Build the term for :
Inflammation of the small intestines.
15. : 15. Bi/o = life
The suffix “ – opsy” means “ the process of viewing “,
what is the medical term when
“ Living tissue is (removed from the body and ) viewed under a microscope.” ?
7. : 7. Cerebr/o = cerebrum = largest part of the brain.
- al = pertaining to
What is the term for “ pertaining to the brain ? “
17. : 17. Cephal/o = head
Make the medical term to mean :
“Pertaining to the head”
10. : 10. Cyst/o = urinary bladder; a sac or a cyst
-scopy = process of visual examination.
What is : Cystoscopy ?
13Quiz… : 13Quiz… If “ hypo” means “under, below”
Make up the term that means
“ relating to under the skin..”
11. : 11. Cyt/o = Cell
What is the term for the Study of Cell ?
19. : 19. Gynec/o = woman, female
What is the study of women ?
20 : 20 Hemat/o
Hem/o = blood
What is the study of blood ?
21. : 21. Hepat/o = liver
What is “ inflammation of the liver ?”
33. : 33. Rhin/o = nose
What is “ inflammation of the nose “ ?
14. : 14. Encephal/o = brain
Build the medical term for :
“A record of the electricity in the brain.”
24. : 24. Neur/o = nerve
What is “ The study of nerves?”
23. : 23. Nephr/o = kidney
What is “ inflammation of the kidney?’
And “ study of the kidney ? “
32. : 32. Ren/o ( also ) = kidney
What is the term for “relating to kidney” ?
Reno ( Latin) + al
Nephro ( Greek ) +
A few common Suffixes… : A few common Suffixes… Suffix Meaning Example Meaning
1. – ac
2. – al
3.- algia
4.- cyte
5.– ectomy
6.– emia
7.– genic
8. - gram
9. - ic ; - ical
10. –ion
suffixes Contd. : suffixes Contd. 11. -ist
12. - itis
13. -logy
14. -oma
15. - opsy
16. - osis
17 -pathy
18. - scope
19. - scopy
20. - sis
21. - tomy
And now, for some ..Prefixes : And now, for some ..Prefixes 1. a -, an- = no, not, without
Make up a term to mean : without blood !
12 : 12 Pro - = before
Knowledge before ?
13. : 13. Re - = back, backward, again
What is to cut back ?
15. : 15. Sub - = below, under
Sub hepatic
15. : 15. Trans- = across, through
Transhepatic = ?
9. : 9. Hypo- = deficient, below, less than normal.
What is the term for : low sugar level ?
14 : 14 Retro - = behind
retrocardiac
11 : 11 Peri- = surrounding, around
Peri cardium
-um = structure
5. : 5. Epi - = above, upon
Epigastric
Epidermis
7. : 7. Exo - = out
Exocrine glands
10. : 10. In- = into, in
Example ?
6. : 6. Ex - = out
Example ?
8. : 8. Hyper- = excessive, above, more than normal.
Hyper glyc emia
Glyc/o = means sugar.
Slide 60 :
A long break… : A long break… What is a prediction about the outcome of an illness ( made after the diagnosis has been determined ) called ?
Slide 62 :
26. : 26. Ophthalm/o = eye
A quick break…
What is an ophthalmoscope ?
28. : 28. Path/o = disease
He examines biopsy samples microscopically and examines a dead body to determine the cause of death.
Who is he ?
13. : 13. Electr/o = electricity
Gram = record
Build the term for :
“A record of the electricity in the heart.”
17. : 17. Gastr/o = stomach
-ectomy = excision or removal
-tomy = incision or cutting into
Quiz time.... : Quiz time.... . Combine the word parts (dia-), meaning “through,”
and (-rhea ), meaning “flow,”
to form a word meaning “passage of fluid stool.”.
Quiz 4 : Quiz 4 An acronym is formed from
a. a proper name
b. Latin or Greek
c. two or more roots
d. the first letter of each word in a phrase
Quiz 3 : Quiz 3 5. Which of the following is a compound word?
a. intestinal
b. pharmacy
c. urogenital
d. muscular
Quiz 5 : Quiz 5 MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. This term represents a(n)
a. combining form
b. acronym
c. prefix
d. suffix
Compound Words : Compound Words contain more than one root.
eyeball, bedpan, frostbite, and wheelchair
cardiovascular (pertaining to the heart and blood vessels),
urogenital (pertaining to the urinary and reproductive systems),
lymphocyte (a white blood cell found in the lymphatic system).
9. : 9. Crin/o = secrete , to form and give off
Endocrine glands
Endo = within
Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly within(into) the blood stream.
Quiz : what is the term for the glands that secret to the outside of the body ( e.g. salivary glands.)
16. : 16. Erythr/o – red
Erythrocyte
-cyte = cell
Erythrocytes carry oxygen in the blood.
An acronym : An acronym is an abbreviation formed from the first letter of each word in a phrase.
Some everyday acronyms are ASAP (as soon as possible), ATM (automated teller machine), and a computer's RAM (random access memory).
Acronyms have become popular for saving time and space in naming objects, organizations, and procedures.
22. : 22. Leuk/o = white
Make up the word for “ white blood cells”
27 : 27 Oste/o = bone
What is inflammation of the bones ?
What is the term for arthritis of the bones ?
25. : 25. Onc/o = tumour ( American: tumor )
What is the term for a specialist who studies tumours ?
22. : 22. Iatr/o = treatment
- genic = pertaining to producing; produced by or produced in;
Iatrogenic conditions are unexptected side effects that result from the treatment by a physician.
18. : 18. Gnos/o = knowledge
Dia = complete
-sis = state of
A …………………..is made after sufficient information has been made about a patient’s condition. It is a state of complete knowledge. !
30 : 30 Psycho = mind
Make up two terms…
2. : 2. Auto - = self
How do you explain the construction of the term : “ autopsy “ ??
Examination of a dead body with one’s own eyes..!!
4. : 4. Endo - = within
endocrinologist
3. : 3. Dia - = through, complete
What is “ complete knowledge” ?
35 : 35 Sect / o = to cut
If re = back,
What is a “ resection” ?
34. : 34. Sarc/o = flesh
What is a “ sarcoma” ?
29. : 29. Ped /o = child
What is the term for “ relating to children?”
37 : 37 Ur / o = urinary tract, urine
Who is the surgeon who operates on the organs of the urinary tract and the organs of the male reproductive system ?
31. : 31. Radi/o = x –rays
Make up a term …
36. : 36. Thromb/ o = clot, clotting
Thrombocytes = cells that help in blood clotting.
To become a Medical Typist/ Transcriptionist you need to learn.... : To become a Medical Typist/ Transcriptionist you need to learn.... Medical Terminology.
Word.
Style
Common Medical Documents