AFRICA : AFRICA
Slide 2 : 1 billion people—Africa—majority of population still farm as a way of living
Africa—3 times the size of U.S.
Mount. Kilmanjaro—largest mountain in Africa
--near equator
--snow year round
Mount Kilmanjaro : Mount Kilmanjaro
Slide 4 : --Climate—Africa has almost every climate and regions vary in geography
However 80% of Africa is Tropical
--rainforest located in the middle of Africa
area between the Tropic of Capricorn and Cancer is called the Tropics
TRIBAL DIFFERNCES : TRIBAL DIFFERNCES There are 1,000’s of tribes in Africa
--Tribal allegiance (loyalty) is stronger than allegiance to your country
--Many conflicts due to tribes and differences (civil war)
Slide 6 : Great Rift Valley—Great Farmland on eastern part of the continent of Africa
4,000 miles long—developed from break in the earths crust
History of Western Africa : History of Western Africa Mansa Musa—Ruled area of Mali in the 1300’s
Salt was worth more then gold
Expanded empire through the Gold
Salt trade
Brought religion of Islam to the Western area
Aski Muhammed : Aski Muhammed --led West Africa Empire (Songhani) reach its peak of power
--encouraged Islamic Learning and Teaching
--Timbuktu (City in the Mali Region)
center of learning
trade/commerce—Muslim University created
Mosque—Muslim Church built in area
Timbuktu : Timbuktu
Eastern Africa : Eastern Africa City-state—large town controls surrounding area that have established its own government
Effects of Eastern Africa trading with Asia : Effects of Eastern Africa trading with Asia Linked people to India & Middle East
Swahili—blend of Arab & African languages
Islam—brought by Muslim traders into Africa. affected, language, learning
Slavery : Slavery Europeans explored coast of Africa
New sea route
Search for gold
Triangular Trade : Triangular Trade Europeans were the 1st to create a massive scale slave system
Needed laborers to work in Americas
Triangular Trade : Triangular Trade
Effects of Slave Trade : Effects of Slave Trade --put African against African
--destroyed villages
--took healthy young men & women
--created large powerful states for African Tribes
Slide 16 : Mirambo—ruler of Nyamwezi—Created large powerful State in East Africa
--traded guns for slaves
Tippu Tib—ruled empire of Congo
--traded slaves for ivory
Slide 17 : Diaspora—scattering of a people
Spread ideas, customs, and beliefs
Abolition—Movement to end Slavery
Slide 18 : Freed Blacks
Colonies set up in Africa for the return of Native people that were once slaves
--Sierra Leone—British colony
--Liberia—U.S. colony
Slide 19 : Imperialism—control of one country of the political, economic, & cultural life of another country or region
1800’s Europeans wanted
raw materials (cotton, gum, food)
trade and adventure
economic competition with European countries
Map of Africa during Imperialism : Map of Africa during Imperialism
Slide 21 : David Livingstone—British Doctor & Missionary founded Victoria Falls
--help promote business and Christianity in Africa
King Leopold II—King of Belgium—had control of Congo Free State---wanted to prevent French expansion
Berlin Conference : Berlin Conference divided Africa up among European countries ignoring the Africans needs and wants
Slide 23 : MAIN REASON AFRICANS LOST TO EUROPEANS WAS ADVANCED WEAPONS AND TECHNOLOGY
INDEPENDENCE AND NATIONALISM : INDEPENDENCE AND NATIONALISM Is Nationalism typical in Africa?
Pan-Africanism—unifying all of Africa
1950 only four nations independent : 1950 only four nations independent Liberia
Ethiopia
Egypt
South Africa
How did African nations gain Independence : How did African nations gain Independence Tribal groups put away differences and united to fight of their European imperializers
Most won through peaceful means
-strikes
-protests
-boycott—refusal to buy certain goods or
services
Once a country gains Independence : Once a country gains Independence Civil War
Regional and Ethnic Rivalry
Ex- Congo—independent in 1960
14 million people, but 200 people groups
A recipe for conflict
Internal fighting—disrupts food production
After civil war is finished governments set up : After civil war is finished governments set up Dictatorships
Democratization
Socialism—the government owns and operates major businesses. The country directs the economy—to meet the needs of food, housing, and healthcare
South Africa : South Africa 70 % black
16 % white
14 % mixed or other
1910—1994 small white minority rule
Apartheid : Apartheid Legal separation of blacks and whites, mixed or any other non-white
Rules were set up because of fear
Started with White Dutch farmers
Blacks could not vote
Bantustan—black Ethnic homeland established by South African Government
Blacks were required to have a pass book when leaving their bantustan
Slide 31 :
Sharpeville massacre : Sharpeville massacre Peaceful demonstration where police opened fire
Why South Africa government changed policies : Why South Africa government changed policies Economic sanctions (other countries refused to trade or do business with South Africa)
Protests from organizations such as the U.N., O.A.U., Olympic Committee
Nelson Mandela : Nelson Mandela In prison for 27 years for opposing the South African governments racial policies
1st black president of South Africa
F.W. deKlerk : F.W. deKlerk White President before Nelson Mandela
Ended Apartheid in South Africa and freed Nelson Mandela from prison
1994 election for coalition government both black and white
African Art & Literature : African Art & Literature Griot—African storyteller
3 Themes
Universe has a moral order
Respect for the environment
Conflict between traditional customs and modern ways
Slide 37 : African sculpting popular around the world
Has influenced western art ( Picasso)
Music (percussion)
Fashion (Nigeria)
Arts and Music styles vary from region to region in Africa