Lesson 20 - Notes and Exercises

Exercise تَمْرِينٌ Look up the meaning of the phrases made up of the highlighted words, using an English translation of the Qur’an. (١ وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَاكَ سَبْعًا مِنَ الْمَثَانِي وَالْقُرْآنَ الْعَظِيمَ (15: 87) (٢ وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ عَلَى حَرْفٍ فَإِنْ أَصَابَهُ خَيْرٌ اطْمَأَنَّ بِهِ وَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ فِتْنَةٌ انْقَلَبَ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ خَسِرَ الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةَ ذَلِكَ هُوَ الْخُسْرَانُ الْمُبِينُ (22: 11) (٣ لَقَدْ كَانَ لِسَبَإٍ فِي مَسْكَنِهِمْ آيَةٌ جَنَّتَانِ عَنْ يَمِينٍ وَشِمَالٍ كُلُوا مِنْ رِزْقِ رَبِّكُمْ وَاشْكُرُوا لَهُ بَلْدَةٌ طَيِّبَةٌ وَرَبٌّ غَفُورٌ (34: 15) (٤ فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَأُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةِ وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنْ نَاصِرِينَ (3: 56) (٥ فَإِنْ كَذَّبُوكَ فَقُلْ رَبُّكُمْ ذُو رَحْمَةٍ وَاسِعَةٍ وَلا يُرَدُّ بَأْسُهُ عَنِ الْقَوْمِ الْمُجْرِمِينَ (6: 147) (٦ فِي جَنَّةٍ عَالِيَةٍ (88: 10) (٧ وَلَقَدْ هَمَّتْ بِهِ وَهَمَّ بِهَا لَوْلا أَنْ رَأَى بُرْهَانَ رَبِّهِ كَذَلِكَ لِنَصْرِفَ عَنْهُ السُّوءَ وَالْفَحْشَاءَ إِنَّهُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا الْمُخْلَصِينَ (12: 24) ~*~ For each phrase, check the following aspects of the individual words: Definiteness Gender Number Case ending What do you notice? Descriptive Phrase vs. Nominal Sentence If mawsoof is definite and sifah is indefinite then it changes from a phrase to a jumlah ismiyyah (consisting of mubtada’ and khabr). Example: The severe punishment - اَلعَذَابُ الشَّدِيدُ ‘Adhaab is the mawsoof and shadeed is the sifah. The punishment is severe - اَلْعَذَابُ شَدِيدٌ ‘Adhaab is the mubtada’ and shadeed is the khabr. Description with Idaafah Consider the following examples: The house of the man - بَيتُ الرَّجُلِ The big house of the man - بَيتُ الرَّجُلِ الْكَبِيرُ The house of the big man - بَيتُ الرَّجُلِ الْكَبِيرِ The small house of the big man - بَيتُ الرَّجُلِ الْكَبِيرِ الصَّغِيرُ The big house of the small man - بَيتُ الرَّجُلِ الْكَبِيرُ الصَّغِيرِ ~*~ The sifah need not come directly after the mawsoof. The descriptions always come after the idaafah, not in between. The sifah must agree with the mawsoof – that is the clue for you to know which word it is describing. The word order of the adjectives is not important. Exercise تَمْرِينٌ Question 1 Translate to English. (١ اَلْقُرآنُ الْمَجِيدُ (٢ سِرَاجٌ مُنِيرٌ (٣ ضَلَالٌ بَعِيدٌ (٤ شِهَابٌ مُبِينٌ (٥ اَلْفَوزُ الْعَظِيمُ (٦ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ (٧ اَلأرضُ الْمَيتَةُ Question 2 Translate to Arabic. A noble angel The accursed devil A great day One god The wise Book The straight road A new creation Question 3 Identify the sifah and the mawsoof. Then translate them. (١ وَاسْتَفْتَحُوا وَخَابَ كُلُّ جَبَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ (14: 15) (٢ وَإِنْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلا عِنْدَنَا خَزَائِنُهُ وَمَا نُنَزِّلُهُ إِلا بِقَدَرٍ مَعْلُومٍ (15: 21) (٣ هُوَ الَّذِي يُرِيكُمُ الْبَرْقَ خَوْفًا وَطَمَعًا وَيُنْشِئُ السَّحَابَ الثِّقَالَ (13: 12) (٤ وَلَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَمَّا ظَلَمُوا وَجَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَمَا كَانُوا لِيُؤْمِنُوا كَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْقَوْمَ الْمُجْرِمِينَ (10: 13) (٥ مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ كَرَمَادٍ اشْتَدَّتْ بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِي يَوْمٍ عَاصِفٍ لا يَقْدِرُونَ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا عَلَى شَيْءٍ ذَلِكَ هُوَ الضَّلالُ الْبَعِيدُ (14: 18) (٦ اللَّهُ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَقْدِرُ وَفَرِحُوا بِالْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا فِي الآخِرَةِ إِلا مَتَاعٌ (13: 26) (٧ إِلا عِبَادَكَ مِنْهُمُ الْمُخْلَصِينَ (15: 40) Extra: Open the Qur’an and see how many sifah and mawsoof constructions you can identify. Note: Word order is opposite of how it is in English! Agrees with mawsoof 1. Definiteness 2. Gender 3. Number 4. Case ending Must agree with the mawsoof in four things: صِفَةٌ وَ مَوْصُوفٌ Description غَفُورٌ is the sifah رَبٌّ is the mawsoof Example: رَبٌّ غَفُورٌ A forgiving Lord Comes second Comes first مَوْصُوفٌ The Thing Described صِفَةٌ The Description Used to describe something Consists of two parts: