Narration(Direct and Indirect speech) in Hindi

श्री गणेशाय नमः [2011-12 Batch] [Narration] [Chart no. 3]Rules for changing of narration:Ram says, “I am going to school.”=====Here Ram says is Reporting verb and I am going to school is reported speech.The whole sentence is called Direct speech.Indirect speech: Ram says that he is going to school.LEVEL 1: निमनलिरिवत जगह मे Tense मे कोई परिवतॆन नही होगा :Universal Truth: Exam. Teacher said, “The earth is round.”------Teacher said that the earth is round.2)Reporting verb यानी Inverted comma के बाहर वाला वाकय Future or present tense हो: Exam. Rhihana says to me, “I am going to market.”Rhihana tells me that she is going to market.LEVEL 2: यदि Reporting verb past tense मे हो तो निमनलिखित परिवॆतन होगा: A) V1V2: Exa. Ram said, “I eat a mango.”Ram said that he ate a mango. B) IS/ARE/AM+V(ING)-WAS/WERE+V(ING):: Exam.-Jennifer said to me, “I am eating a mango.”Jennifer told me that she was eating a mango. C)Has/Have/+V3Had+V3:: Exa.-Raaz said to me ,”I have done my homework.”Raaz told me that he had done his homework. D)V2Had+V3:: Exa.Ram said, “I killed a snake.”Ram said that he had killed a snake. E)WasHad been :: Exa.Urbi said to me,”I was reading a book.”Urbi told me that she had been reading a book. F)Will/Shall/Can/MayWould/should/could/might Manasi said to me,”I can solve the problem’.-Manasi told me that she could solve the problem.LEVEL 3:Special Rules: A)Case of address (i) यदि inverted comma के अंदर किसी का नाम हो तो वह inverted comma के पहले आ जाता है और saidका told हो जाता है Exa:Mother said,’Shyam,you are getting naughty.”Mother told Shyam that he was getting naughty. (ii)यदि समबोधन मे कोई जातीवाचक संजा हो तो वहां said addressed में बदल जाता है Exa. The stranger said to me, “Gentleman, I lost my way.”The stranger addressed me as gentleman and said that he had lost his way. (iii) यदि समबोधन मे कोई प्रशंसा या निनदा सूचक शबद हो तो वहां said called में बदल जाता है Exa. I said to Hari,”Fool,you made mistake.”I called Hari fool and said that he had made a mistake. (iv) यदि समबोधन मे कोई आदर या पयार सूचक शबद हो तो वहां निमनलिरिवत परिवतॆन होगा: Sirrespectfully;;Dear/darlingaffectionately Exa.He said,”Sir,give me book.”He respectfully asked for a week. (v)Good morning---bade/wish में बदल जाता है Exa. Ram said to Shyam,”Good Morning,I am glad to meet you.”Ram bade Shyam Good morning and said that he was glad to meet him.LEVEL 4(Imperative sentence): (i)यदि inverted comma के अंदर  Request, order ,advise तो वहां said requested,ordered,urged में  बदल जाता हैExa.Teacher said to student, “Read regularly.”Teacher advised the student to read regularly. NOTE: यहां that की जगह to लगाया जाता है: मना करनाProhibit/forbade; निबेदन करनाRequest, Urged (ii) यदि inverted comma के अंदर let हो तो: Step1: Said की जगह Wish, suggested या proposed में बदल दें:: Step2:Inverted comma की जगह that लगायें:: Step3:Let को should में बदल कर उससे पहले  pronoun रखेंExa.Sachin said to his teammates, “Let us play a fair game.”Sachin suggested his teammates that they should play a fair game.(iii)Optative sentence: Step1: अथॆ के अनुसार  said की जगह pray,wish,bless या curse लगाया जाता है Step2: Inverted comma की जगह that लगायें Step3:Noun या pronoun को पहले लगायें Step4:May को might में बदल देंExa. He said,”May,God bless you.”He blessed that God might bless me.(iv) Exclamatory Sentence: He said ,”Hurray! We won the match.”He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match. Step1: अथॆ के अनुसार  said की जगह exclaimed with joy, exclaimed with sorrow, exclaimed with anger लगाया जाता है Step2: : Inverted comma की जगह that लगायें Step3: Alas, Ah ,oh,Hurrah को हटा दें Step4:Sentence को पुरा करोExa.He said, “What a dark night!”He said, “What a dark night it is”He exclaimed with horror that it was very dark night.(v)Interrogative sentence:-Type1(Wh- word question) Sita said to shyam,”What is your name?”Sita asked Shyam what his name was. Step1: Said की जगह asked लगाया जाता है Step2: Inverted comma की जगह कुछ नहीं लगेगा Step3: Helping verb एवं pronoun को बदलेंType2 :(Helping verb) Konkana said to me, “Are you going to market today.”Konkana asked me whether I was going to market the that day. Step1: Said की जगह asked लगाया जाता है Step2: Inverted comma की जगह if/whether लगेगा Step3: Helping verb एवं pronoun को बदलें -----------------------