Organic compounds

Chemical Principles(Organic Compounds) : Chemical Principles(Organic Compounds) Chapter 2

Organic Compounds : Organic Compounds Contain Carbon and Hydrogen Compounds of Life Biologic Molecules

4 Groups of Organic Compounds : 4 Groups of Organic Compounds 1. Proteins 2. Carbohydrates 3. Lipids 4. Nucleic Acids

Synthesis and Hydrolysis : Synthesis and Hydrolysis

Proteins : Proteins Enzymes, carrier molecules, hormones, antibodies, cell wall, cell membrane Over 50 % of a cells dry weight is Protein Basic Unit Molecule Amino acids - 20 amino acids found in living systems

Amino acid structure : Amino acid structure AA-AA Dipeptide AA-AA-AA Tripeptide AA-AA-AA-AA Tetrapeptide AA-AA-AA-AA-AA Polypeptide Bond between Amino acids - Peptide Bond

Levels of Structure : Levels of Structure 1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary 4. Quaternary

Primary Level of Structure : Primary Level of Structure The linear sequence of Amino acids

Slide 9 :

Secondary Level of Structure : Secondary Level of Structure When the a chain of polypeptides takes on a specific orientation in space 2 Main Types Alpha Helix Beta Pleated Sheet

Slide 11 :

Tertiary Level of Structure : Tertiary Level of Structure Final 3 dimensional configuration Held together by many different bonds: peptide ionic hydrogen covalent sulfhydryl

Slide 13 :

Quaternary Level of Structure : Quaternary Level of Structure When 2 or more proteins come together to form a functional unit

Slide 15 :

Denatured : Denatured Temperature pH salt concentrations heavy metals

Slide 17 :

Slide 18 :

Simple vs. Conjugated Proteins : Simple vs. Conjugated Proteins Simple proteins - contains only amino acids Conjugated proteins - amino acid with another component Glycoprotein Nucleoprotein Lipoprotein Phosphoprotein

Carbohydrates - sugars and starches : Carbohydrates - sugars and starches C, H, O Ratio of H to O 2 : 1 Hydrates of carbon Functions Fuel for cell activity food reserve (starch) part of bacterial cell wall part of DNA and RNA (deoxyribose and ribose)

Monosaccharides - simple sugars : Monosaccharides - simple sugars Contain from 3 to 7 carbons Trioses 3 carbons Tetroses 4 carbons Pentoses 5 carbons Hexoses 6 carbons Heptoses 7 carbons Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Disaccharides - 2 monosaccharides : Disaccharides - 2 monosaccharides Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose Glucose + Galactose = Lactose Glucose + Glucose = Maltose

Slide 23 :

Polysaccharides - a chain of monosaccharides : Polysaccharides - a chain of monosaccharides 1. Glycogen 2. Starch 3. Cellulose

Slide 25 : 1. Glycogen - storage form of glucose for animals and some bacteria

Slide 26 : 2. Starch - storage form of glucose in plants

Slide 27 : 3. Cellulose - main structural component of plant and algae cell walls

Lipids - fats and oils : Lipids - fats and oils C, H, O (but lack the 2:1 ratio found in carbohydrates) wide variety of lipids, but all are non-polar Function energy storage structure of cell membrane and cell wall

Simple Lipids (fats) : Simple Lipids (fats) 1 Glycerol 3 Fatty acids Triglyceride Fatty acids saturated unsaturated

Phospholipid - Complex Lipid : Phospholipid - Complex Lipid Phosphate group replaces one of the Fatty Acids Polar head & non-polar tail Main structural component of the cell membrane

Cell Membrane : Cell Membrane

Nucleic Acids : Nucleic Acids DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid RNA - ribonucleic acid Basic Unit - Nucleotide Nucleotide phosphate pentose sugar nitrogenous base

Slide 33 :

ATP - Adenosine triphosphate : ATP - Adenosine triphosphate Energy carrying molecule of the cell ATP cycle

Slide 35 :