Slide 1 : Local Login
Text-mode login at virtual console.
Graphical login.
Virtual Consoles
Multiple non-GUI logins are possible.
There are by default 6 available virtual consoles.
For GUI login , CTRL-ALT- F7.
Slide 2 : Running commands
Commands have the following syntax.
Command [option] [arguments]
Each iteam is separated by a space.
Option modify the command’s behavior.
Argument are filename or other information needed by command.
Separated command with semicolon ( ; ).
Slide 3 : Linux File Hierarchy Concepts
Files and directories are organizes in single-rooted inverted tree structure.
Names are case sensitive.
Each shell and system process has a current directory.
Files and Directories whose begin with a .
(Dot ) are hidden files and directories.
Delimited by the / (forward slash ) character.
Slide 4 : Current Working Directory :
pwd
Display the absolute path to the current directory.
Changing Directories :
cd Changes directories
To absolute path
cd /usr/share/doc
Slide 5 : To a relative path
cd doc
To a directory one level up
cd ..
To your home directory
cd
To your previous working directory
cd –
Slide 6 : Adding and Deleting user :
To add user :
adduser username
For password :
passwd username
Enter password two times
To delete user :
deluser username
Slide 7 : Listing Directory contents :
ls : list of file
option - -l : complete list
-a : also show hidden file
The Home Directory :
Every user has a home directory, typically under /home.
Contain user-specific configuration files as well as data.
Represented by the ~ character.
Slide 8 : Creating and Removing Directories
mkdir : make a directory.
rmdir : remove an empty directory.
rmdir –r : recursively remove a directory and
all of its contents.
Creating Files
touch – create empty files or update file.
cat > filename
CTRL-C for saving file.
Slide 9 : Viewing an entire text file.
cat filename
Copying and Moving files
cp – copy files and directories.
cp [option] file1 file2 des.
Option –
-i – interactive
-r – recursive
Slide 10 : mv – move and/or rename files and directories
mv [option] file destination
Removing files :
rm – remove files.
rm [option] filenames…….
-i – interactive
-r – recursive
-f – force
Slide 11 : Viewing Files one screenful at a time
less [option] filename
-c clear before displaying.
-e exit when reach the end of line.
slocate
Syntax : slocate [pattern]
locate [pattern]
Example : slocate profiles
all files or directory pathnames matching the supplied will be display.
Slide 12 : Getting Help : man Pages
Man display pages from reference manual
Manual contains multiple sections.
Key string or key word searches.
Other Help Utilities :
Command –-help
Info command