4-j* di yi ke LESsoN' l LEssON 1 What's in this lesson: -Introducing Yourself -Verb 'to be' -Two simple wcys of Asking euestions INTRODUCING YOUR5ELF DTALOoUE rf ifi duihud W6ng: Xianshengg, uixing? f t+k€.ffi'il1 f tr)t Lln: W6x ingL in,j iaoL inG u6-guang. W6ng:L inx i-nshengn,i shiM 6igu6r6mn a? f :68'+tEFtr . !_' Lin: B0-shi,w 6 shi yinggu6r6n.LESSON I _+_ r-. ,rj'l rrlxB_E t t tE-r-hL ExI2 W6ng: Xidoji6g, uixing? Fft : (+t) l$ Ffi " Ch6n: (W6) xing Ch6n. I : F,f4i ' {8, li1E Z, lfr E4? W5ng: Ch6nx i5oji6,n i shi leoshim a? di yi kd F-iR FA t+k^EZ, lfr'+JiE++. " Ch6n: W6 bri-shlid oshiw, 6 shix u6sheng. W5ng:Q ingwdnn,i ng uixing? +:+tt4+'rq+ffib " W0: W6 xr'ngW 0,j iao Wir Li-zhen. W6ng: Nin shi-bu-shlid oshi?n. ET xWO :E'+\Ezt)fr " : Shi, wd shi ldoshi. _t .xz,t)lt ' ++ W6ng:W 0l 6oshzi,a ijian. R:E,J W0: Ze\ian. 2# -iR di yi kd LESSON I ENGLISHT RANSLATIONO F THE DIALOGUEN . i6 ffi i+ Wang : Sir/Mister, what is your (honorable) surname? Lin : My family name is Lin, I,m called Lin cuo-guang. Wang : Mr. Lin, are you (an) American? (see note g) lt" '-)o:* u]nt:n Wang : Miss., what is your family nameZ Chen : My family name is Chen. Wang: Miss. Chen, arc you a teacher? :n"i , 1* l* "_teacher, r,m a student. Wang: Excuse me, -hat is your frmlty ,,u^"2 Wu : My family name is Wu, my name is Wu Li-zhen. Wang: Are you a teacher? Wu : Yes, I'm a teacher. Wang: Teacher Wu, goodbye. \__ Wu : Goodbye. NEW VOCABULARy H inl shensci 1. I W6ng (N) king; (a Chinesefa mily name) 2. tr +^ xiensheng (N) Mr.; sir; (husband)g;e nfleman a * zhangfu (N) husband 3. t t iaitai (N) Mrs.; (wife) E I-qrzl (N) wife E ^ air6n (N) wife; husband +. zJr ffl xidoji6 (N) Miss., youngl ady, girl, female shop assistant (pronouncexdi 6ojie)LESSoNI di yi kd H-iX s. ft ffi guixing (EX) Whaits ( yourh) onorable sumame? (seen ote4 ) 6. ?i w6 (PN) I, me +n fl w6men (pN) weu, s € ill zanmen (PN) (inclusivew)e (i.e.y ou& r) 7. lt|, ni (pN) you (singular) VF Il1 nimen (pN) you (plural) s. lfr, /W ta (pN) he,s heh; im,h er (note8 ) 'ffi 'ffl tamen (PN) theyt;h em I {U ,ffl l 9. tk xing (EV,4,lt)o bes umame/d s umame \--10. ft Lin (N) (a Chinesfea milyn ame) i 1. [tl jiao (EV) to ben amedt,o bec aued(b y a certainn ame) 12. E shi (EV) ro be 13. ^ E /\ M6igu6r6n (N) American ^* E M6igu6 (pW) America ,\ r6n (N) marrp, ersonp, eople A. n4 (P) (interrogativsee ntencpea rticle) \_-. ls.4 b0 (A) nor (rhen egative) (notel0 )S-iX di yi ke LESSoNI 16 F E Yinggu6r6n (N) British (notell) \-' F tr Yinggu6 (Pw) Britain 17.W Ch6n (N) (aC hinesfea mityn ame) 18. Z lfr lioshi (N) teacher D. + +-xu6sheng (N) srudenr 20. i6 14 qingwen (EX) Pleasme ayI ask,. ..? Excuse me, ... ? 2r. !& nin (PN) you (polite form) (note 2) 22. +. W[ (N] (a Chinesfea milyn ame) \ \--,r x. H n zdijidn (EX) Goodby!e (Seey oua gain)LESSON I di yi kc H-i4 EQUATTVEV ERBS(EV) S EV N tx W6 z t)tp leoshi I aln teacher Equative Yerbs equate hto nouns (or nomina.l expressions) as in: I amateacher, He isanAmerican (.ft E = E ,\ Ta shi M6igu6r6n), I am Miss Chen (f| E F,fi 4' !E W6 shi Ch6n xidoji6). The word order in most instances is the same in both English and Chinese. The most common Equative Verb is E shi (to be). Two other Equative Verbs are {4 xing (to be surnamed) and EI.{ji do (to be named/called). SENTENCEP ATTERNStE W 4frz. 1. Negative { bi follows the Subiect. RepetitionD rill J Ti EV Eshi shi shi shi shi N M6igu616n Z\F leoshi ++, xu6sheng 9{ El /\ Yinggu616n ztfr ldoshi Wd lrn Ni fi,f[ Wdmen F,fi 4. iE Ch6n xidoji6 4b0 Ibir\_ 2. Questionsc anb e formedb y simplya dding [$ ma? to the endo fthe sentence. Teacher asks the student the following questions and the student replies. Thent he studenta skst he teachert he followingq uestionsa nd the teacher replies. €-i+ di yi kd LESSON I a,ifiE*tr,r.q? Q: Ni shi M6igu6r6nm a? tuFZtFu4? W6 shi ldoshi ma? ru./f,\F++84? TdlNis hi xu6shengm a? fiffirrq ? W6 xing W5ng ma? \-7 3. Questionsc ana lsob e formedb y usingt he positive+ negativefo rm ofthe verb (i.e.b y immediatelyfo llowingt hep ositivef orm ofthe verbw ith its negativefo rm). [q ma? is alwayso mittedi n thisk ind of sentencpea ttem. Teacher asks the student the following questions and the student replies. Then the student asks the teacher the following questions and the teacher replies. IE E4 E + E ,^. ? A,(T) E'fi (4) € * tr ,\" Ni shi-bu-shMi 6igu6r6n? A: (b0)s hi,w 6 (b0)s hi Mdigu6r6n. Q: {EE4'E?-tl6? Q: Ta shi-bu-shlii oshl ? wzt)fr€ZiE4E ? Ch6nl ioshi shi-bu-shYi inggu616?n i€td'{rgiitEIE++.? Qingwent,a mens hi-bu-shxi u6sheng? A, (6) E'fi (T) E + tr ',\" A: (bti) shi, wd (b0) shi Mdigu6r6n. A: A: A: Q: Q: Q: Q: Q: Q: Q: Q: Q: Q:LESSON I di y' kd H -iR INTRODUCING YOUR5ELF AskingS omeone'sN ome: (iF I"l) 1A fr. Y+ ? or Tc E /4'tE'ft f& ? (Qingwdnn) in guixing? or Xiansheng/X idoji6g, uixing? Replyingt o the aboveQ uestion: -grving surnarne only: fi 14 f . W6 xing Lin. -givingfullname: (+n)ffif 'ltlf tr)e (Wd) xing Lin, jiao Lin Gu6-guang. or:fiE+ EX W6 shi Lin Gu6-guang. Now practice using your own Chinese nanne. [Reier to Notes 1-4] Then practice with the other students in your class. Answer the following questions by giving your own personal details a:ifiETE*E,l.? Q: Ni shi-bu-shMi 6igu6r6?n a, ifiEZ\fr84J? Q; Ni shi ldoshi ma? Q' IEffi +!q ? Q: Ni xing Wti ma? a,ifiFL|Ffitr*rq? Q: Ni.jidoC h6nG u6-gudngm a ? A: A:F-iR di yi ke Tolk obout the Picture below U.K. \ Ch6n ldoshi Lin Gu6-guang [see 'Notesf' or someo thern ationalities] TRANSLATION 6fl ji fanyi 1. Are they British? 2. We are not teachers. 3. He is not Lin Gwo-gu'ang. 4. May I ask, is Teacher Wu a1'l American? 5. Is she called Chen Li-zhen? WORTH NOTING i+ A4 People's titles are very important. So when talking to a person who is a teacher, professor, etc.) be sure to use thet appropriate title when addressing them. Don't be too quick to use given name s -and neverv/ttholder people. Older Chinese people seldom call each other just by their given name, unless they are very close friends. Two simple rules worth noting are: a) with regards to addressing someone else -see how o/z erpeople address rnem, b) as regards yourself, don)t insist on people calling you by your given name bui rather let them address you in the way they feel most comfortable and flaturaI. Althought herea re over 1600 differentC hineses urnamesc, ommono nesa re: F,f(i ch6n)f,f (Lin)H, (Huangd),K ( zhang)+, (Li),I Wans), + (wri),l rj (Lin)F, (cai),t h Uand,i l (zhao). LESSON ILESSON I TRANSLATION OF THE 1. I)m an American. You are a teacher. She is a student. We aren't British. Miss. Chen isn't a teacher. 2. Are you (an) American? Am I a teacher? Is he,/you a student? Is my family name W^ng? 3. Are you (an) American? Is she a teacher? Is Teacher Chen British? txcuse me, are they sfudents? di yi kC F _i? sENTENCEPATTERNSO4ffii+ (see note 12) NOTES iI fi4 Notes regarding Introducing Yourself 1. Chinesep ersonanl amesc onsisto ftwo parts:a family name( or sumame) and a given name. Note that the famrly name precedes the given name. The most commonp attemf or Chinesen amesis a single-syllablefda mily name( e.g. ffi Lin) followedb y a single-syllableodr double-syllablegdi venn ame( e.g. Sl )l Gu6-guang). Occasionallyo u will meetp eoplew ho havea double-syllabled family name,e .g. -Fl q Si-Md). Also notet hatt he person'sn amep recedes their title (e.g. ffi, Z t)fr Lin leoshD. When giving your own name, you always omit the title. 2. Remembetro use lf; nin whenw ishingt o be courteousto someone-it is the polite form of {fi ni. 3. The answer to 1A ft ffi ? Nin guixing? is only fi {t W6 xing + SURNAME. Ii is never +\ W tr fL +-W6 xing Lin xiansheng nor {! ftt .F tr ;f W6 xingL in Gu6-gudng" 4. fi gui (honorablei)s usedm ostlyw hena skings omeoneth eir name,a nd, when wishing to be very polite, their country oforigin too. But it is never used in the reply ! l 0H-iR di yi kd LESSONI Generol Notes A: T €. A: Brj-shi. Q: it! E + +.BEr? Q: Td shi xu6shengm a? A: E" A: shi. Is he a student? Is he a student? Yes. Yes. No. 1\O. 5. This lessonh asc overedtp a wayso f askingq uastiansin Chinese: Onew ay is simplyt o addt he interrogativep article [$ ma? to the endo f the sentenceT.h e word orderr emainsu nchange(ds eeD rill 2). Anotherw ay ofasking questioniss to uset hep oJitive+ negativef ormo f the Verb.T he interrogativep article Il{ ma? is zol addedto this typeo f questionI.t is ratherli ke:" You be-no-be...?(s" eeD rill 3). Therei s sometimesa slightd ifference betweenth et hruslo f the interrogative particle gq ma? questionf orm and thep ositive + negatiye qrJestionfo rm. [$ ma? questions can carry a cofftotation ofdoubt -and th erefore are clarifcationseeking,w hereasp ositive + negativeb ? e quLestionasr en eutral and straightforward-theys implya sk, .Yes,o' r ,No',. (Thisi s moref ully explained in Lesson5 notel 4) 6. When asking questions using E$ ma?, the whole sentence usually has a raisedi ntonation-contrasEt nglishw heret he pitchi s only raiseda t the endo f the sentenceH. owever,c hoice-typeq uestionsh avet he samein tonationp attem asd eclaratives entence-s g enerallya n eveni ntonationw ith a downwardc urvea t the end. 7. Answerst o Questions:I n simpleq uestionsa, nswersa ref ormedb yjust repeatingth e Verb in its positiveo r negativefo rm.I nclusiono fparts ofspeech othert hant he Verb is optional.( Chinesed oesn ot reallyh avee xactw ords correspondintgo 'yes' and' no' as in English.) Q: fE € r E r€ E ^ ? IssheBritish? Q: Ta shi-bu-shYil nggu6r6?n Is sheB ritish? l lLESSONI d yi k6 H_.ix 8. Ta -he [{fl] or she[ ffi]. In spokenC hineseit, is sometimeusn clear whethetrh ep ersonre ferredto is rnaleo r female. 9. Chinesed oesn ot havew ordsc orrespondintgo the Englishw ords. a' or.the', e.c.f i E Z lfr W6s hileoshi-I ama teacherZ; W EL*I ffiy) Lrdoshjiid o W0 Li-zhdn= Thet eacheisr calledW uL i-zhen. 10. Negative { bi beforea 4th tonew ord (e.g. f, shi) changesto a 2ndt one (bli-shi). In rapid speecht,h et oneo n f bi is unstressed. 11. Thes trictm eaningo f { E Yinggu6 is .Brirain'W. henn eedingto be mores pecific,t herea rep roperw ordsf or England,S cotlandW, alesa ndl reland. 12. Ambiguity ofSingulara ndP luralN ouns:N ounsd o not changefo rm accordingto whethert heya reb eingu sedi n the singularo r plural.C hineseis , thereforen, ot alwaysc leara st o whethera Noun is singularo r plural,e .C. 2 lfr ldoshi canm eane ither' teacher'o r 'teachers'T. he contextu suallvm akest he meaning clear. 13. Partso f Speechs: eep age? of or a descriptiono f eachp art of Speech. YOUR OWN NOTES i Some Other Notionolities Australian Canadian French German Japanese Korean Swiss &itrlj ,Eel: fA E! -\ lBEA B4,\ FfiEA ,r0 r _/\ jL Addeliyar6n ;\ Jian6dar6n Fdgu616n Degu6ren Rib6n16n Hangu616n Ruishi16n t2