Basic grammar

BASIC GRAMMAR 1Articles: A / an = oneA before consonants:An before vowels:A dogAn eagle A catAn ostrichDemonstrative pronounsSINGULARPLURALThis is an elephant. These are cherries. That is an elephant. Those are green apples.(Distant objects) Verb to beAffirmativeNegativeInterrogativeI am a student.I am not a teacher.Am I a student?You are a student.You are not a teacher.Are you a teacher?She is a student.She is not a teacher.Is she a teacher?He is a student.He is not a student.Is he a student?It is a cat.It is not a dog.Is it a book?(Plural)We are students.We are not teachers.Are we at school?You are teachers.You are not students.Are you in the bus?They are at school.They are not at school.Are they students?Verb to canAffirmative NegativeInterrogativeI I IYou You youHe He heShe can ride a bike. She can’t dance tango. Can she play the piano?It It it We We weThey They theyVerb there to beThere + is = existAffirmative There is a pen on the table.There are pens on the table. NegativeThere is not a pen on the table.There are not pens on the table.Interrogative Is there not a pen in the bag? Are there not pens in the bag?Question words.What is this? It is an elephantWhat is your telephone number? It’s 836 55 90.Where are the tigers? They are in the zoo.What time is it? It’s 11 o’clock.When is the English class? On Tuesday an Thursday.Who is she? She is my sister.How are you? Very well, thanks.How old is she? She is seven.How much is a coke? It’s US$1,50. (one dollar and fifty cents)How many people are there in your family? There are 5.Simple questionsIs that a cat? Is this a cat? Yes, it is.No, it isn’t.Are these pineapples?Are those apples? No, they are not. Yes, they are. These are cherries. Those are green apples.What is this?What are these? This is an apple.These are grapes.What color is it? What color are they?It is red. It is a red apple.They are green. They are green grapes.Who is she? How old is she?She is my sister. She is seven.What is her name?Her name is Laura.Prepositions of placeprepositions of movementPersonalpronounsPossessiveAdjectives I MyYouYour He His She Her It Its We Our You Your They Their Possessive adjectivesPossessive adjectives come before the object:This is my mother.Isn’t that your pen?Her dog is black.Their names are Tom and Jerry.Verbal tensesSIMPLE PRESENT — Verb to goAffirmative NegativeInterrogativeI goYou goHe goesShe goesIt goesWe goYou goThey goI don’t goYou don’t goHe doesn’t goShe doesn’t goIt doesn’t goWe don’t goYou don’t goThey don’t goDo I go?Do you go?Does he go?Does she go?Does it go?Do we go?Do you go?Do they go?PRESENT CONTINUOUS — Verb to playAffirmativeNegativeInterrogativeI’m playingYou’re playingHe’s playingShe’s playingIt’s playingWe’re playingYou’re playingThey’re playingI’m not playingYou’re not playingHe’s not playingShe’s not playingIt’s not playingWe’re not playingYou’re not playingThey’re not playingAm I playing?Are you playing?Is he playing?Is she playing?Is it playing?Are we playing?Are you playing?Are they playing?VocabularyAnimalsColorsNumbers Family Food and drinkBuildingsVerbs in the presentSchool objectsToysBASIC GRAMMAR 2Genitive apostrophe (possession) SingularPluralOrder of translation; 3 2 1 321My mother’s name is Jane.My brothers’ friends are nice.Countable and uncountable nounsCountableUncountableHow many books are there in the room?How much milk is there in the fridge?There are twenty books there. There is some milk in the refrigerator.There are many books in the room.There is a lot of milk.There are few English books, two or three.There is a little yogurt.Countable nouns – you can count them:Uncountable nouns – you use volume:Ten, fifty, hundred = many, a lot of.Some(affirmative), any(negative), a lot of.Two, five = few, some.A little of.A glass/ 2 litters of milksome/ a little of milkUses plural nouns: booksdoesn’t have plural: milksQuestion wordsHow long is the film? It is 80 minutes long.Why is she nervous? Because of the test.How often do you walk to school? I always do.Verb have gotAffirmative NegativeInterrogativeI I IYou have got three brothers. You have got three brothers.Have you got three brothers?We We weThey They theyHe He heShe has got blue eyes. She hasn’t got blue eyes. Has she got blue eyes? It ItitVerbal tenses.SIMPLE PAST — Verb to ask (regular)SIMPLE PAST — Verb to have (irregular)AffirmativeNegativeInterrogativeI askedYou askedHe askedShe askedIt askedWe askedYou askedThey askedI didn’t askYou didn’t askHe didn’t askShe didn’t askIt didn’t askWe didn’t askYou didn’t askThey didn’t askDid I ask?Did you ask?Did he ask?Did she ask?Did it ask?Did we ask?Did you ask?Did they ask?AffirmativeNegativeInterrogativeI hadYou hadHe hadShe hadIt hadWe hadYou hadThey hadI didn’t haveYou didn’t haveHe didn’t haveShe didn’t haveIt didn’t haveWe didn’t haveYou didn’t haveThey didn’t haveDid I have?Did you have?Did he have?Did she have?Did it have?Did we have?Did you have?Did they have?IMMEDIATE FUTURE — Verb to studyAffirmativeNegativeInterrogativeI’m going to studyYou’re going to studyHe’s going to studyShe’s going to studyIt’s going to studyWe’re going to studyYou’re going to studyThey’re going to studyI’m not going to studyYou’re not going to studyHe’s not going to studyShe’s not going to studyIt’s not going to studyWe’re not going to studyYou’re not going to studyThey’re not going to studyAm I going to study?Are you going to study?Is he going to study?Is she going to study?Is it going to study?Are we going to study?Are you going to study?Are they going to study?SIMPLE FUTURE — Verb to travelAffirmativeNegativeInterrogativeI will travelYou will travelHe will travelShe will travelIt will travelWe will travelYou will travelThey will travelI will not travelYou won’t travelHe will not travelShe won’t travelIt will not travelWe won’t travelYou will not travelThey won’t travelWill I travel?Will you travel?Will he travel?Will she travel?Will it travel?Will we travel?Will you travel?Will they travel?Grade of adjectiveSuperlative of superiority – You are the tallest student of the class. (short adjectives) You are the most beautiful person here. (long adjectives)Superiority – You are taller than me. (short adjectives) I am more intelligent than you. (long adjectives)Comparative ofEquality - I am as tall as she is.Inferiority - I am less tall than he is.Superlative of inferiority - She is the least common girl I know.Irregular adjectivesGood – better than, the bestBad – worse than, the worstFar – farther/further, the furthest.Pretty – prettier, the prettiest.Object pronounsPersonalpronounsObject PronounsPossessivePronounsI Me MyYouYou Your He Him His She Her Her It It Its We Us Our You You Your They Them Their The object pronouns come after the verbs:I see my friend every day.I see him everyday.They told me the complete story.Important tips.To add a particle to a word:Consonant-ypretTY – pretTIEr cConsonant-Vowel-Consonant:BIG – BIGGer cvcAdverbs of frequencyAdverbs of frequency.Always 100%Normally75%Often65%Frequently60%Sometimes50%Rarely30%Hardly ever15%Never0%VocabularyAdverbs of frequencyClothesLifestyleAdjectives AppearancePersonality