Implement VTP : Implement VTP LAN Switching and Wireless – Chapter 4
Objectives : Objectives Explain the role of VTP in a converged switched network
Describe the operation of VTP: VTP domains, VTP Modes, VTP Advertisements, and VTP Pruning.
Configure VTP on the switches in a converged network.
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) : VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) VLAN database information is created on each switch
VLAN.DAT
However, individual databases in a large network are not efficient
Cisco created VTP to solve this problem
VLAN consistency in network
Easier monitoring and maintenance
Dynamic reporting ofVLANs across network
VTP Terms : VTP Terms VTP domain – switches that share VLAN info based on domain name
VTP advertisements – information frames exchanged in domain (3 types)
VTP modes – switch roles in domain (3 roles)
VTP Server
VTP Client
VTP Transparent
VTP Pruning – limits broadcasts carried across trunk links
Default VTP Configuration : Default VTP Configuration Catalyst switches are set to server mode by default
View settings with SHOW VTP STATUS
VTP version: default is V.1
V.2 is supported but turned off
Configuration Revision
Important value in domain
Other options
Maximum VLANs
Number of existing VLANs (VLAN1 only by default)
VTP domain name is blank (null)
VTP pruning is off
Configuration Revisions - more : Configuration Revisions - more Revision number changes on Server
VLANs added and deleted
VTP frames use number to sync updates
Higher number indicates newer information
Resetting Revision number
Change the domain name to a bogus domain and then change to original domain name
Sets the revision to “0”
VTP Domains : VTP Domains Domains are used to propagate VLAN databases
Multiple domains can be used inlarger networks to break upVLAN advertisements
Domain name must matchexactly (case sensitive)
Switch can only belong to one domain at a time
Domains use servers, clients, and advertisements
Passwords should be used to protect domain advertisements
MD5 hash also helps to protect advertisements
VTP Advertisements : VTP Advertisements Advertisements are sent on trunk links
Contained in data portion of Ethernet frame and 802.1q tagged
Advertisements are sent as Layer 2 Multicasts
Advertisement types
Summary – domain name and basic information
Subset – contains VLAN details
Requests – from clients to server, multicast
Server responds with summary and then needed subsets
VTP Modes : VTP Modes Server
Create, modify, delete VLANs
Sources and replies to advertisements
Updates revision number based on local changes
Client
Cannot create, modify, delete VLANs
Not permanently stored VLANs (in RAM only)
Can send VTP requests
Transparent
Stores local only VLANs (in VLAN.dat)
Ignores but forwards domain VTP advertisements
VTP Pruning Functions : VTP Pruning Functions Protects trunk lines from unneeded traffic
Needs to be enabled on only one switch in domain
Command: VTP PRUNING
Switches dynamically determine what VLAN traffic needs to be trunked or dropped (pruned)
VTP Best Practices : VTP Best Practices Reset all switches to defaults
Don’t allow higher revision numbers!
Include redundant VTP server
VTP domain name only needs to be configured on server
VTP domain and passwords match
Same VTP version on all switches
Confirm VTP operations and then create VLANs
Trunk links – only these ports carry VTP traffic!
VTP Configuration Steps : VTP Configuration Steps Set all VTP settings to default
Configure the SERVER with no devices connected
vtp mode server
vtp domain {name}
Add VLANs and enable trunks
Configure the CLIENTS
vtp mode client
Connect and confirm
Show VTP Status
Password protect the domain with:
vtp password {password}
Oops, Troubleshooting VTP : Oops, Troubleshooting VTP Which version is enabled?
Vtp version {1/2}
Matching passwords and domain names (case sensitive)
No VTP server
VTP server with higher revision number
Example: connecting old switch that was not reset
Manage VLANs on a VTP Network : Manage VLANs on a VTP Network Create VLANs on the domain Server
Summary advertisements inform clients of changes
Client sends request advertisement
Server responds with summary and needed subset advertisements
Show VLAN on clients to confirm
Catch 22: VLANs learned but not assigned
Must manually assign ports locally
Chapter 4 Labs : Chapter 4 Labs 4.4.1 Basic VTP Configuration
4.4.2 VTP Configuration Challenge
4.4.3 Troubleshooting VTP configuration
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