GCSE Additional Science June 2008 HT Chemistry paper

GCSE 240/02 ADDITIONAL SCIENCE HIGHER TIER CHEMISTRY 2 A.M. THURSDAY, 5 June 2008 45 minutes VP*(S08-240-02) Candidate Name Candidate Number Centre Number 0 ADDITIONAL MATERIALS In addition to this paper you may require a calculator and a ruler. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question. You are reminded of the necessity for good English and orderly presentation in your answers. The Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of the examination paper and the formulae for some common ions on the inside of the back cover. For Examiner’s use only Question Maximum Mark Mark Awarded 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 6725556 8. 7 9. 7 Total 502 Examiner only (240-02) Answer all questions. 1. The graph below shows the solubility of potassium nitrate in water at different temperatures. 0 20 40 60 80 100 potassium nitrate 120 0 20 40 60 80 100 Solubility /g per 100g water Temperature /°C (i) The table below shows the solubility of potassium bromide in water at different temperatures. The solubility at 60°C is missing from the table. Temperature /°C Solubility /g per 100g water 54 58 64 70 76 82 92 98 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 803 Turn over. (240-02) I. Draw the graph of the solubility of potassium bromide on the grid on page 2. Two points have been plotted for you. [3] II. Use the graph to give the solubility of potassium bromide at 60°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g per 100g water [1] III. Give the temperature at which the two compounds have the same solubility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . °C [1] (ii) State why the temperature scale on solubility graphs ranges between 0°C and 100°C. [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Examiner only4 Examiner only (240-02) 2. (i) The diagram below shows the industrial extraction of aluminium by the electrolysis of aluminium oxide. – + + – aluminium graphite cathode graphite anode gas A steel walls molten aluminium oxide I. Give the reason why electrolysis is used to extract aluminium from its oxide. [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II. Write the word equation for the overall reaction that takes place during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide. [2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III. Give the formula of the ion attracted to the cathode during the electrolysis process. Use the table of formulae for common ions on the inside of the back cover of this examination paper to help in answering this question. [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii) Many factors, such as available work force, road and rail links and distance from built up areas are considered when locating any new chemical plant. Give one other factor that is important when locating a new aluminium extraction plant. [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (iii) Aluminium has the property of being a good electrical conductor and is therefore used to make overhead power cables. Give a different property of aluminium and one use which relies on this property. [2] Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Examiner only (240-02) 2 Turn over. 3. The diagrams below show how the atoms are arranged in a metal and in a metallic glass. atoms in a metal atoms in a metallic glass Give two differences between the structures shown above. [2] Difference 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Difference 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Examiner only (240-02) 4. (i) 1 cm3 of soap solution was shaken, for the same number of times, with 20 cm3 of four different metal chloride solutions with equal concentrations of the chloride part of the solution. The results are shown in the diagram below. froth sodium chloride solution potassium chloride solution calcium chloride solution lithium chloride solution I. Name the metal ion which makes the water hard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] II. How do the observations tell you that it is not the chloride part of the compounds that makes the water hard? [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Examiner only (240-02) 5 Turn over. 0 10 20 30 40 50 70 0 2 4 8 10 12 60 14 6 % energy wasted Thickness of limescale /mm (ii) Boiling hard water forms scale on filaments in electric kettles. The presence of limescale results in energy being wasted. The graph below shows the effect of limescale on the % of energy wasted. I. State how the % energy wasted depends on the thickness of limescale. [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II. Use the graph to give the % energy wasted if no limescale was present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] (iii) Give one reason why living in a hard water area can be beneficial to your health. [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Examiner only (240-02) 5. The table below shows some properties of five substances. Each substance is represented by a model of its structure. The models are not to scale. Model of structure Melting point /°C Boiling point /°C Electrical Conductivity good when molten or dissolved 801 1413 –182 3550 between 3652-3697 (3675) 0 –161 4827 4200 100 poor poor good poor O sodium chloride methane diamond graphite water9 Turn over. (240-02) 5 Examiner only Use the information in the table opposite to answer this question. Each name may be used once, more than once or not at all. (i) Give the name of the substance which I. has the lowest melting point, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] II. is made up of ions, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] III. is an element, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] IV. is soluble in water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] (ii) The chemical formula for water is H2O. Give the chemical formula for methane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1]10 Examiner only (240-02) 6. The table below shows the electronic structures of three elements. Element Electronic structure hydrogen 1 sodium 2,8,1 sulphur 2,8,6 Sulphur forms sodium sulphide with sodium, and it forms hydrogen sulphide with hydrogen. Show, by means of diagrams or otherwise, the electronic changes that take place during the formation of I. sodium sulphide from sodium and sulphur (include charges on the ions), [3] II. hydrogen sulphide from hydrogen and sulphur. [2] 511 Examiner only (240-02) Turn over. 6 7. Ammonia is made industrially from nitrogen and hydrogen by the Haber process. (i) Complete and balance the symbol equation below, which represents the formation of ammonia. N2 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii) The table below shows the yield of ammonia under different pressure and temperature conditions. [2] Pressure /atmospheres Temperature /°C Yield of ammonia (%) 10 50 100 200 400 1000 88·2 50·7 14·7 3·9 1·2 94·5 75·0 39·5 15·3 5·6 96·7 81·7 52·5 25·2 10·6 98·4 89·0 66·7 40·0 18·3 99·4 94·6 79·7 55·4 31·9 99·9 98·3 92·6 79·8 57·5 100 200 300 400 500 Use the table to answer parts I, II and III. I. State what happens to the yield of ammonia as the temperature increases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] II. State the % yield of ammonia at a temperature of 200 °C and a pressure of 400 atmospheres. [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . % III. State the pressure needed to obtain 40% yield of ammonia at 400°C. [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . atmospheres (iii) Refer to the table of common ions on the inside of the back cover of this examination paper to answer this question. Ammonia is used to make the fertiliser ammonium nitrate. Give the chemical formula of ammonium nitrate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1]12 Examiner only 7 8. (a) The structural formulae of five hydrocarbons are shown below. C C H H H H H C C HH H HH H C C HH HH C H HH H C C HH HH CHH CHH H C C HH HH n A B C D E Use only the information above to answer parts (i), (ii)I and (iii). (i) Give the molecular formula for hydrocarbon B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] (ii) I. Give the letter of an unsaturated hydrocarbon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] II. Explain your choice of letter in part (ii) I. [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (iii) State what is meant by the letter ‘n’ in hydrocarbon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b) (i) Poly(tetrafluoroethene), PTFE, is formed by addition polymerisation. Complete the symbol equation below for making the polymer PTFE. [2] C C F F F F n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii) Give the main reason why PTFE is used to coat the inside of a frying pan. [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (240-02)13 240-01) Turn over. Examiner only 7 9. (a) Smart materials have unique properties. Describe the unusual property that (i) smart alloys show on heating, [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii) thermochromic material shows on heating. [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (b) The most effective and widely used smart alloy is nitinol which contains 50% titanium. Titanium, Ti, is a metal which is extracted from ores containing titanium(IV) oxide. This oxide is converted into titanium(IV) chloride, TiCl4, which is then reacted with either sodium or magnesium to form titanium metal. The equation below shows the formation of titanium from titanium chloride using sodium. TiCl4 + 4Na Ti + 4NaCl Ar (Na) = 23 Ar (Ti) = 48 (i) Use the equation above to calculate how many tonnes of sodium would be needed to produce 96 tonnes of titanium. [3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii) Titanium forms another chloride in which 48g of titanium is combined with 71g of chlorine. Calculate the simplest formula for this chloride of titanium. Show your working. [2] Ar (Cl) = 35·5 Ar (Ti) = 48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .BLANK PAGE 1415 FORMULAE FOR SOME COMMON IONS POSITIVE IONS Name Formula NEGATIVE IONS Name Formula Aluminium Al3+ Ammonium NH + Barium Ba2+ Calcium Ca2+ Copper(II) Cu2+ Hydrogen H+ Iron(II) Fe2+ Iron(III) Fe3+ Lithium Li+ Magnesium Mg2+ Nickel Ni2+ Potassium K+ Silver Ag+ Sodium Na+ Bromide Br– Carbonate CO 2– Chloride Cl– Fluoride F– Hydroxide OH– Iodide I– Nitrate NO – Oxide O2– Sulphate SO 2– 4 433 Turn over. (240-02)16 Helium Neon Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Selenium Boron Aluminium Gallium Zinc Copper Nickel Cobalt Iron Manganese Chromium Vanadium Titanium Scandium Calcium Potassium Magnesium Sodium Beryllium Lithium Arsenic Phosphorus Nitrogen Carbon Silicon Germanium Sulphur Oxygen Argon Krypton 42 Ne 20 10 F 19 9 O 16 8 C 12 6 N 14 7 B 11 5 Ar 40 18 S 32 16 P 31 15 Si 28 14 Al 27 13 Kr 84 36 Br 80 35 Se 79 34 As 75 33 Ge 73 32 Ga 70 31 Zn 65 30 Cu 64 29 Ni 59 28 Fe 56 26 Co 59 27 Mn 55 25 V 51 23 Cr 52 24 Ti 48 22 Sc 45 21 Ca 40 20 K 39 19 Iodine Tellurium Indium Cadmium Silver Palladium Rhodium Ruthenium Molybdenum Niobium Zirconium Yttrium Strontium Rubidium Antimony Tin Xenon Xe 131 54 I 127 53 Te 128 52 Sb 122 51 Sn 119 50 In 115 49 Cd 112 48 Ag 108 47 Pd 106 46 Ru 101 44 Rh 103 45 Tc 99 43 Nb 93 41 Mo 96 42 Zr 91 40 Y 89 39 Sr 88 38 Rb 86 37 Astatine Polonium Thallium Mercury Gold Platinum Iridium Osmium Rhenium Tungsten Tantalum Hafnium Lanthanum Barium Caesium Bismuth Lead Radon Rn 222 86 At 210 85 Po 210 84 Bi 209 83 Pb 207 82 Tl 204 81 Hg 201 80 Au 197 79 Pt 195 78 Os 190 76 Ir 192 77 Re 186 75 Ta 181 73 W 184 74 Hf 179 72 La 139 57 Ba 137 56 Cs 133 55 Actinium Radium Francium Ac 227 89 Ra 226 88 Fr 223 87 Mg 24 12 Na 23 11 Be 94 Li 73 Hydrogen H 11 1 2 3 0 5 6 7 4 Group PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS He Cl 35 17 Z X AName Element Symbol Atomic number Mass number Key: Technetium (240-01)