GCSE Additional Science Jan 2008 FT Physics paper

General Certificate of Secondary Education 241/01 ADDITIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION TIER (Grades G-C) PHYSICS 2 P.M. MONDAY, 21 January 2008 (45 minutes) VP*(W08-241-01) Candidate Name Candidate Number Centre Number 0 ADDITIONAL MATERIALS In addition to this paper you may require a calculator. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question. You are reminded of the necessity for good English and orderly presentation in your answers. A list of equations is printed on page 2 of the examination paper. In calculations you should show all your working. No certificate will be awarded to a candidate detected in any unfair practice during the examination. For Examiner’s use only Question Maximum Mark Mark Awarded 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9. Total 5 50 8. 335877572 (241-01) EQUATIONS resistance = current = speed = acceleration = resultant force = mass × acceleration work = Force × distance distance time voltage current power voltage change in speed time(241-01) 3 Turn over. Examiner only Answer all questions. 1. The graph shows part of the journey of a car. 20 40 60 24680 0 10 30 50 70 80 (i) What was the starting speed of the car? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] (ii) What was the maximum speed of the car? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] (iii) For how long was the car speeding up? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] 2. Use words from the box to complete the sentences that follow. 3 Speed (m/s) Time (s) 3 (i) Cables are covered in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to stop us having an electric shock. [1] (ii) The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lead stops us having electric shocks when there is a fault. [1] (iii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . circuit breakers protect a circuit from too big a current. [1] residual live copper neutral earth insulation miniature4 Examiner only (241-01) 3. The pie chart shows information about the main sources of background radiation. radon gas ground and buildings 14% medical 14% cosmic rays 10% food 12% (a) (i) What percentage of background radiation is due to radon gas? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . % [1] (ii) From the chart, name the background radiation that comes from space. [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (iii) From the chart, name the source of background radiation that is easily breathed in. [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Turn over. Examiner only (241-01) (b) The dose of background radiation people receive in a year depends upon the country where they live. 04268 Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Italy Netherlands Norway Spain Sweden UK Australia Dose of background radiation (i) In which country does a person receive the largest dose of radiation? [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii) In which country does a person receive an average dose of 4 units per year? [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Examiner only (241-01) 4. The diagram shows the circuit that was set up to find the resistance of a resistor. V A (a) (i) Name the meter V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] (ii) Name the meter A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] (b) The results from the experiment are shown in the table below. Voltage (V) Current (A) 0·0 2·0 6·0 8·0 10·0 0·0 0·5 1·5 2·0 2·5 (i) Plot these points on the grid below and join them with a straight line. [3] 0 2 4 6 8 10 0·5 1·0 1·5 2·00 2·5 Current (A) Voltage (V) variable power supplyVoltage Current 7 Turn over. Examiner only (241-01) (ii) Use the graph to find the voltage when the current is 1·0A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] (iii) Use the equation 8 to calculate the resistance of the resistor, when the current through it is 1·0 A. [2] Resistance = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Resistance= Ω8 Examiner only (241-01) 5. The table gives information about some radioactive sources. Source Radiation emitted Half-life Polonium alpha 138 days Bismuth beta 61 minutes Iodine gamma 8 days Technetium gamma 6 hours (a) (i) Name the source with the shortest half-life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] (ii) Name one source that emits radioactive particles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] (iii) Name the source that stays radioactive for the longest time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] (b) The diagram shows three radioactive sources X, Y and Z. The diagram shows that radiation from X is blocked by paper. Radiation from Y is blocked by aluminium. Radiation from Z is blocked by lead. XYZ paper aluminium lead (i) Which source, X, Y or Z, could be bismuth? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] (ii) Which source, X, Y or Z, could be polonium? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1]9 Turn over. Examiner only (241-01) 7 (c) The table shows how the activity of a sample of technetium drops as time passes. Fill in the gaps in the table. [2] Radioactivity (units) Time (hours) 400 200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 25 0 6 12 1810 Examiner only (241-01) 6. A sprinter accelerates at the start of a race. (a) He has a forward force of 420 N. The sprinter has a mass of 70 kg. Use the equation to find his acceleration at the start of the race. [2] Acceleration = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s2 (b) The sprinter is also acted on by another force X. Acceleration = Force Mass X 420 N (i) Name force X. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] (ii) At the start of the race X is zero. State what happens to force X as the sprinter speeds up. [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (iii) Describe the motion of the sprinter when force X is 420 N. [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Turn over. Examiner only (241-01) 7 (c) The forward force of 420 N does not change during the race. Use the equation Work = Force × distance to find the work done by the sprinter during the 100 m race. [2] Work done = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J12 Examiner only (241-01) 7. The lighting circuit in a house is protected by a 5A fuse and connected to 230V. The table shows the current taken by different lamps. Power of lamp (W) Current (A) 40 60 100 0·17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0·43 to find the current through a 60W lamp. [1] Current = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A (b) The circuit shows three lamps in a household lighting circuit connected to a 5A fuse. We can calculate the current through the fuse by adding up the currents through each of the lamps. (a) Use the equation Current = Power Voltage 5A fuse 100W 100W 40W13 Turn over. Examiner only (241-01) Use the information in the table to find the current flowing through the fuse when all these lamps are switched on. [2] Current = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A (c) Find the maximum number of 100W lamps that could be connected in a 5 A household lighting circuit. [2] Number of lamps = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 (241-01) 8. (a) In 2003 over 3000 people were killed and 33 000 seriously injured in collisions on Britain’s roads. The chances of a pedestrian surviving a collision depends upon how fast the vehicle is travelling. This is shown on the graph. Examiner only 10 20 30 40 50 200 40 60 80 100 Give a reason why some people think that there should be a 20 mph speed limit outside schools instead of the present limit of 30 mph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b) Speed cameras have been placed around Britain to encourage drivers to stay within the speed limit, to reduce the number of deaths and serious injuries. The photograph shows a car passing a camera in a 30 mph speed limit area. Speed (mph) Chance of survival (%)15 (241-01) Examiner only A speed camera detects a speeding car and it takes two photographs. The white road markings are painted 1·5 m apart. From the first to the second photograph the car has moved forward 5 spaces. (i) Calculate the distance travelled by the car in the time it took to take the two photographs. [1] Distance = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m (ii) The second photograph is taken 0·5 seconds after the first one. Write down in words an equation as it appears on page 2, and use it to find the speed of the car. Equation: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1] Calculation: [2] Speed = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s (iii) Use information in the table to estimate the speed of the car in mph. [1] Speed = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mph (iv) If the car hits a pedestrian at this speed, what is the percentage chance of the pedestrian surviving? [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TURN OVER FOR QUESTION 9 speed in m/s 9·0 13·5 18·0 22·5 speed in mph 20 30 40 50 716 Examiner only (241-01) 9. (i) Give two reasons why it is important to dispose of radioactive waste safely. [2] 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii) Several disposal methods are being considered. These include: 1. Leaving the radioactive waste where it is. 2. Burying it deep underground. 3. Sealing it in steel barrels which will be dumped in the sea. 4. Firing it into space by rocket. 5. Burying it in ice sheets at the poles. 6. Burying it under remote unpopulated islands. Choose three of these methods and give one different disadvantage for each. [3] Complete the table with your answers. 5 Method number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disadvantage of this method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .