GCSE Additional Science June 2008 Modules B6 C6 P6 Paper B

* C U P /T 4 5 3 6 4 * This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page. SPA (NH/CG) T45364/6 © OCR 2008 [H/103/3776] OCR is an exempt Charity [Turn over INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES • Write your name in capital letters, your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the boxes above. • Use blue or black ink. Pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. • Read each question carefully and make sure that you know what you have to do before starting your answer. • Answer all the questions. • Do not write in the bar codes. • Write your answer to each question in the space provided. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES • The number of marks for each question is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. • The total number of marks for this paper is 42. • A list of physics equations is printed on page two. • The Periodic Table is printed on the back page. FOR EXAMINER’S USE Qu. Max. Mark 1 4 2 5 3 5 4 4 5 7 6 3 7 4 8 2 9 1 10 3 11 4 TOTAL 42 GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION A217/02 TWENTY FIRST CENTURY SCIENCE ADDITIONAL SCIENCE A Unit 3 Modules B6 C6 P6 (Higher Tier) FRIDAY 20 JUNE 2008 Morning Time: 40 minutes Candidates answer on the question paper. Additional materials (enclosed): None Calculators may be used. Additional materials: Pencil Ruler (cm/mm) H2 © OCR 2008 TWENTY FIRST CENTURY SCIENCE EQUATIONS Useful Relationships Explaining Motion speed = distance travelled time taken momentum = mass × velocity change of momentum = resultant force × time for which it acts work done by a force = force × distance moved by the force change in energy = work done change in GPE = weight × vertical height difference kinetic energy = 12 × mass × [velocity]2 Electric Circuits resistance = voltage current Vp Vs = Np Ns energy transferred = power × time power = potential difference × current efficiency = energy usefully transferred total energy supplied × 100% The Wave Model of Radiation wave speed = frequency × wavelength3 [Turn over © OCR 2008 Answer all the questions. 1 Large metal dishes receive radio waves from satellites in space. (a) Here are some reasons why radio waves are used to communicate with satellites in space. Put ticks (✓) in the boxes next to the two correct reasons. Radio waves are ... ... not absorbed by the atmosphere. ... able to travel through empty space. ... safer than other electromagnetic waves. ... the fastest of the electromagnetic waves. ... more powerful than other electromagnetic waves. [2] (b) Complete the sentences. Choose words from this list. speed direction induction amplitude frequency modulation Information is put into radio waves by altering their ............................. or ............................. . This process is called ............................. . [2] [Total: 4]4 © OCR 2008 2 This diagram shows a beam of light passing through a glass prism. glass prism light (a) What does the diagram show? Put a ring around the correct answer. diffraction interference reflection refraction [1] (b) The light changes direction as it enters the glass. Complete the sentences. Choose words from this list. Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all. decreases increases doesn’t change The speed of the light ................................... as it passes from air to glass. The frequency of the light ..................................., so the wavelength ................................... . [3]5 [Turn over © OCR 2008 (c) A different glass prism is used, changing the path followed by the beam of light. glass prism light The light is totally internally reflected twice before it leaves the glass again. Put a tick (✓) in the box next to the correct reason for this. The light is reflected because ... ... the angle of reflection is exactly 45°. ... the angle of reflection is less than 90°. ... the angle of refraction would be less than 90°. ... the angle of refraction would be greater than 90°. [1] [Total: 5]6 © OCR 2008 3 A mobile phone transmits sounds as digital signals, using radio waves. (a) The sentences describe the process of transmitting sounds with digital signals. They are in the wrong order. A The signal is cleaned up at the receiver. B The sound wave is converted into a digital code. C The signal is decoded to produce a copy of the sound wave. D The code controls the amplitude of radio waves from the phone. Fill in the boxes to show the correct order. The last one has been done for you. C [2] (b) Here is a disturbance-distance graph for a radio wave. A 0 disturbance distance C D B Which distance, A, B, C or D, is the amplitude of the wave? answer ........................................ [1]7 [Turn over © OCR 2008 (c) Why is digital transmission of sound with radio waves of higher quality than analogue transmission? Put ticks (✓) in the boxes next to the two correct reasons. A digital signal can usually be separated from noise in a radio signal. An analogue signal has the same frequency as the original sound. A radio signal decreases in amplitude as it travels. Radio signals pick up noise as they pass from transmitter to receiver. The radio signal has to be amplified at the receiver before it is decoded. [2] [Total: 5]8 © OCR 2008 4 Like many animals, pond snails use their nervous system to detect and respond to changes in their environment. © Roy Anderson (a) Complete the following sentences. They compare pond snails and humans. Choose words from this list. complex involuntary unhelpful reflexes tropisms Pond snails use simple .................................... to find food. Humans respond better than snails to a new situation because their behaviour is .................................... . Both humans and snails respond to bright light. This response is .................................... . [2] (b) The pond snail’s nervous system contains both receptors and effectors. Which cells are effectors, which are receptors, and which are neither? Put a tick (✓) in the correct box for each type of cell. type of cell effectors receptors neither effectors nor receptors muscle cells egg cells slime-secreting cells light-sensitive cells [2] [Total: 4]9 [Turn over © OCR 2008 BLANK PAGE Question 5 starts on page 10. PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE10 © OCR 2008 5 Humans can store and retrieve information. This is called memory. (a) Scientists have created models for memory. The diagram shows one example, the multi-store model. A B D F process information further process informationC E There are several stages in this process. Write the correct letter, A, B, C, D, E or F, in the box next to each stage. stage in the model letter environmental stimuli are received information is lost long term memory sensory memory store information is rehearsed short term memory [2] (b) Remembering information is an important part of our lives. Finish the sentences. Choose words from this list. Each word may only be used once. memory pattern repetition shape smell We are more likely to remember information if it has a .................................... . It also helps if the information is associated with a stimulus, such as .................................... . Memory is reinforced when there is .................................... of the information. [3]11 [Turn over © OCR 2008 (c) Where do we process memories? Put a ring around the correct answer. cerebral cortex hypothalamus pituitary gland spinal cord [1] (d) Three people were asked to describe the way in which neuron pathways operate to retain memory. Bess New pathways are formed as a result of changes in the environment. Josh Certain neuron pathways become more likely to transmit impulses than others. Xena Some pathways stop working because the neurons no longer function. Who gave the wrong description of the retention of memory?answer ………………………….. [1] [Total: 7]12 © OCR 2008 6 Neurons use chemical and electrical methods for transmitting impulses. impulse end of neuron receptor molecules break down serotonin cell body of neuron serotonin in the synapse (a) The diagram shows a synapse between two neurons. Here are some statements about synapses. Put ticks (✓) in the boxes next to the two correct statements. Synapses weaken the strength of impulses. Synapses slow down transmission of impulses. A synapse closes up when each impulse arrives. Synapses only allow impulses to travel in one direction. Increasing the gap in a synapse speeds up the transmission of impulses. [2]13 [Turn over © OCR 2008 (b) Serotonin is a chemical found in some brain synapses. Serotonin is broken down by receptor molecules. The drug Ecstasy blocks the action of the receptor molecules, resulting in a feeling of well-being. Here are some possible explanations for this effect. Put a tick (✓) in the box next to the correct explanation. The level of … ... serotonin falls. ... Ecstasy increases. ... serotonin increases. ... Ecstasy stays the same. ... serotonin stays the same. [1] [Total: 3]14 © OCR 2008 7 Baking powder contains small grains of a solid acid and a solid alkali. When you put baking powder into water it starts to fizz slightly. (a) Which solid acid could be used to make baking powder? Put a ring around the correct answer. ethanoic acid hydrogen chloride nitric acid sulfuric acid tartaric acid [1] (b) Baking powder doesn’t react until water is added. Angela discusses reasons for this with her friends. Brenda The acid and the alkali dissolve in water. Clarissa The surface area of the solid particles is too small. Angela The powder is cool and dry while it is in a packet. Daphne Baking powder contains preservatives. Who gives the correct reason why the reaction only happens when water is added? answer .........................................[1]15 [Turn over © OCR 2008 (c) Which particles are produced when an acid dissolves in water? Put a ring around the correct answer. H2 H H+ OH– [1] (d) When acids react with metals they give off a gas. Put a ring around the formula of this gas. H2 CO2 O2 N2 [1] [Total: 4]16 © OCR 2008 8 The catalytic converter on a car normally converts most of the pollutants into harmless gases. The operation of the catalyst depends on its temperature. amount of pollutant time engine has been going A B C D The graph shows the amount of pollutant that comes from a car exhaust. Four points have been labelled A, B, C and D. (a) When is the catalyst operating at its optimum temperature? Put a ring around the correct letter. A B C D [1] (b) Here are some statements about a catalyst. Draw one straight line from the correct statement about the catalyst to the correct amount of pollutant. statement about the catalyst (choose one) amount of pollutant (choose one) It increases the rate of reaction. The same amount of pollutant is converted to harmless gases. It doesn’t affect the rate of reaction. More pollutant is converted to harmless gases. It decreases the rate of reaction. Less pollutant is converted to harmless gases. [1] [Total: 2]17 [Turn over © OCR 2008 9 Mary needs to choose an indicator for an acid-alkali titration. She asks some friends for advice about the indicator. Ellie All the colours that it goesmust be strong. Doug There should be one sudden colour change. Chas It should give off a gas when it reacts. Bron There should be a range of colour changes. Alex The colour should change gradually. Who gives the best advice? answer ........................................ [1] [Total: 1]18 © OCR 2008 10 Here are the equations for the reactions between some solutions of acids and alkalis. (a) Which of these equations is not balanced? A HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O B H2SO4 + NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O C 2HCl + Mg(OH)2 MgCl2 + 2H2O D H2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 MgSO4 + 2H2O answer .........................................[1] (b) Arthur writes an equation to show what happens when any acid neutralises any base. A H– + OH+ H2O B H+ + OH– H2O C HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O D 2HCl + CaCO3 CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 Which of A, B, C or D is the correct equation? answer .........................................[1] (c) Arthur reacts solid lumps of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid. The lumps disappear into the liquid and a gas is given off. Add state symbols to the equation for this reaction. Two have been done for you. 2HCl[aq] + CaCO3[s] CaCl2 [...............] + H2O[...............] + CO2 [...............] [1] [Total: 3]19 © OCR 2008 11 You can use relative atomic masses to work out reacting masses in an equation. (a) Jane knows that the relative atomic mass of carbon is 12. What does this tell her? A A carbon atom has 12 protons. B A carbon atom has 12 neutrons. C A carbon atom has 12 electrons. D A carbon atom has 12 times the mass of a hydrogen atom. answer .........................................[1] (b) Relative atomic masses can be used to work out amounts of reacting chemicals. Here are some relative atomic masses: C = 12, O = 16, Fe = 56. Fill in the boxes for this reaction. The first one has been done for you. C + 2FeO 2Fe + CO2 12g g g g [3] [Total: 4] END OF QUESTION PAPER Copyright Acknowledgements: Q.4 photo © Roy Anderson Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (OCR) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. OCR is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.20 © OCR 2008 The Periodic Table of the Elements * The lanthanoids (atomic numbers 58-71) and the actinoids (atomic numbers 90-103) have been omitted. The relative atomic masses of copper and chlorine have not been rounded to the nearest whole number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 Key 1Hhydrogen 1 4 He helium 2 7 Li lithium 3 9 Be beryllium 4 relative atomic mass atomic symbol name atomic (proton) number 11 B boron 5 12 C carbon 6 14 N nitrogen 7 16 O oxygen 8 19 F fluorine 9 20 Ne neon 10 23 Na sodium 11 24 Mg magnesium 12 27 Al aluminium 13 28 Si silicon 14 31 P phosphorus 15 32 S sulfur 16 35.5 Cl chlorine 17 40 Ar argon 18 39 K potassium 19 40 Ca calcium 20 45 Sc scandium 21 48 Ti titanium 22 51 V vanadium 23 52 Cr chromium 24 55 Mn manganese 25 56 Fe iron 26 59 Co cobalt 27 59 Ni nickel 28 63.5 Cu copper 29 65 Zn zinc 30 70 Ga gallium 31 73 Ge germanium 32 75 As arsenic 33 79 Se selenium 34 80 Br bromine 35 84 Kr krypton 36 85 Rb rubidium 37 88 Sr strontium 38 89 Y yttrium 39 91 Zr zirconium 40 93 Nb niobium 41 96 Mo molybdenum 42 [98] Tc technetium 43 101 Ru ruthenium 44 103 Rh rhodium 45 106 Pd palladium 46 108 Ag silver 47 112 Cd cadmium 48 115 In indium 49 119 Sn tin 50 122 Sb antimony 51 128 Te tellurium 52 127 I iodine 53 131 Xe xenon 54 133 Cs caesium 55 137 Ba barium 56 139 La* lanthanum 57 178 Hf hafnium 72 181 Ta tantalum 73 184 W tungsten 74 186 Re rhenium 75 190 Os osmium 76 192 Ir iridium 77 195 Pt platinum 78 197 Au gold 79 201 Hg mercury 80 204 Tl thallium 81 207 Pb lead 82 209 Bi bismuth 83 [209] Po polonium 84 [210] At astatine 85 [222] Rn radon 86 [223] Fr francium 87 [226] Ra radium 88 [227] Ac* actinium 89 [261] Rf rutherfordium 104 [262] Db dubnium 105 [266] Sg seaborgium 106 [264] Bh bohrium 107 [277] Hs hassium 108 [268] Mt meitnerium 109 [271] Ds darmstadtium 110 [272] Rg roentgenium 111 Elements with atomic numbers 112-116 have been reported but not fully authenticated