Organic synthesis for A2 chemistry

Mathsandscience.net Aliphatics. Requires Acidified pottasium dichromate to form aldehydes and ketones Aldehydes will form carboxylic acid iwith acidified pottasium dichromate SULPHURIC ACID CATALYST under REFLUX Acid or Alkali hydrolysis Sodium hydroxide and water under reflux NH3 and ethanol solvent and reflux Aromatics (benzene =C6H6: phenol = C6H5-OH) C6H6 g C6H5-Cl chlorobenzene requires a carrierCl2/AlcCl3 C6H6 g C6H5-NO2 Nitrobenzene Conc HNO3 /conc H2SO4 at 50oC C6H5-NO2 g C6H5-NH2 Phenylamine Tin catalyst /Conc HCl C6H5-NH2g C6H5-N+Cl-= N Benzene diazonium chlloride NaNO2 /HCl < 10oC C6H5-N+Cl-= N gC6H5-N = N-C6H5 Azodye Phenol /NaOH Phenols C6H5-OH + NaOHgC6H5-O-Na+ +H2O Reaction is the same as any acid neutralisation C6H5-OH + NagC6H5-O-Na+ +1/2H2 Reaction is the same as any acid and reactive metal C6H5-OH + 3Br2gC6H2-OH Br3 Phenol has three bromines added as opposed to benzene which has one! Copyright 2010 Tutoring for AS and A2 Mathsandscience.net C-OH g C=O COOH + C-OH g COOC +H20 COOC + H20 g COOH +C-OH C=O g COOH C-Cl g C-OH C-Cl g C-NH3