Teacher’s Class Notes Reach the Goal Via Tajweed Rules Compiled by `t{t etá{xw Table of Contents Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 1 Tajweed................................................................................................................................ 5 Benefits of learning Tajweed .............................................................................................. 5 Rules of Noon and Meem Mushaddad .................................................................................. 6 Alqalqala ............................................................................................................................. 7 The heavy and light letters.................................................................................................... 8 Laam in the exalted name of Allah ..................................................................................... 10 Ruling of RAA letter being heavy or light........................................................................... 12 Rules of Noon Saakinah and Tanween .............................................................................. 13 Izhaar Halqy ....................................................................................................................... 14 Iqlaab ................................................................................................................................ 15 Idghaam .............................................................................................................................. 16 Ikhfaa Haqiqi .................................................................................................................... 18 Chart for Rules of Noon saakin and Tanween.................................................................... 20 How to pronounce each rules ............................................................................................. 21 Rules of Meem Saakin ....................................................................................................... 24 Ikhfaa Shafawi .................................................................................................................... 24 Idghaam Mutamathelayn Sagheer .................................................................................... 25 Izhaar Shafawi .................................................................................................................... 25 Chart for Rules of Meem Saakin......................................................................................... 26 Al-Madd .............................................................................................................................. 27 Maddd Tabee'...................................................................................................................... 28 Madd Badal ....................................................................................................................... 29 Madd Ewad ......................................................................................................................... 29 Maddd Aridh Lissukoon...................................................................................................... 30 Maddd Leen ........................................................................................................................ 30 Madd Wajib Mutassil ........................................................................................................ 31 Madd Jae'z Munfasil ........................................................................................................... 31 Madd Laazim .................................................................................................................... 32 Madd Laazim Kalemee Muthaqqal..................................................................................... 32 Madd Laazim Kalemee Mukhaffaf ..................................................................................... 33 Madd Laazim Harfee Muthaqqal........................................................................................ 33 Madd Laazim Harfee Mukhaffaf ......................................................................................... 34 Chart for Madd ................................................................................................................... 35 Stopping at the end of words ............................................................................................. 36 The Qualities of the letters.................................................................................................. 37 Permenant Qulities with opposites ..................................................................................... 38 Al-Jahr and Al-Hams ....................................................................................................... 38 Asheddah, Attawasut and Arrakhawa ................................................................................ 39 Istifaal and Iste'elaa........................................................................................................... 40 Al-infetaah and Al-Itbaaq ................................................................................................... 40 Al-Izlaaq and Al-Ismaat...................................................................................................... 40 Permenant Qulities without opposites ................................................................................ 41 Alqaqala ............................................................................................................................ 41 As-Safeer ............................................................................................................................. 42 Al-Leen ............................................................................................................................... 42 Al-Inhiraf............................................................................................................................ 42 At-Takreer .......................................................................................................................... 43 At-Tafasshy ......................................................................................................................... 43 Istitaalah ............................................................................................................................ 43 Referances.......................................................................................................................... 44 Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 1 Introduction What is Tajweed? The word Tajweed linguistically means ‘proficiency’ or ‘doing something well’. When applied to the Qur’an, it means giving every letter of the Qur’an its rights and dues of characteristics when we recite the Qur’an and observing the rules that apply to those letters in different situations. We give the letters their rights by observing the essential characteristics of each letter that never leave it. And we give them their dues by observing the characteristics of each letter that are present in them some of the time and not present at other times. The Qur’an was revealed with Tajweed rules applied to it. In other words, when the angel Jibreel ((AS)) recited the words of Allah to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) he recited them in a certain way and he showed the Prophet (SAW) the ways in which it was permissible to recite the Qur’an. So it is upon us to observe those rules so that we recite it in the way it was revealed. History of Tajweed At the time of the Prophet (SAW) there was no need for people to study Tajweed because they talked with what is now known as Tajweed so it was natural for them. When the Arabs started mixing with the non-Arabs as Islam spread, mistakes in Qur’an recitation started appearing, so the scholars had to record the rules. Now, because the everyday Arabic that Arabs speak has changed so much from the Classical Arabic with which the Qur’an was revealed, even Arabs have to study Tajweed. The purpose of Tajweed The Qur’an is the word of Allah, and its every syllable is from Allah. Its recitation must be taken very seriously. The purpose of the Science of Tajweed in essence is to make the reciter proficient in reciting the Qur’an, observing the correct pronunciation of every letter with the rulings and characteristics which apply to each letter, without any exaggeration or deficiency. And so through this the reciter can recite the Qur’an upon the way of the Prophet pbuh. as he received it from Jibreel who received it from Allah (SWT) in the Classical Arabic dialect that it came down in. Arabic letters each have a Makhraj – an exit or articulation point -in the mouth or throat from which they originate and they also each have Sifaat – attributes, or characteristics -particular to them. Knowing the Makhraj and Sifaat of each letter is an important part of Tajweed. Sometimes two letters have very similar exits which makes mixing them up easy. So if a person does not know the attributes of each letter there is a danger that he will change the meaning of the words in Qur’an recitation. Observing the rules of Tajweed in reciting protects the reciter from making mistakes in reciting the Qur’an. The ruling of reading with Tajweed Muhammad bin Al-Jazaree the great Qur’an and Hadeeth scholar of the 9th Century (Hijri) says in his famous poem, detailing the rules of Tajweed: “And applying Tajweed is an Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 2 issue of absolute necessity, whoever doesn’t apply Tajweed to the Qur’an, then a sinner is he.” So he regarded it as an obligation and he regarded leaving it as a sin. And the majority of scholars agree that applying the Tajweed rules of Qur’an are an individual obligation () upon every Muslim who has memorized or read part of or all of the Qur’an. That is because the Qur’an was revealed with the Tajweed rules applied to it and the Prophet (SAW) recited it back to Jibreel in that way and the Companions of the Prophet (SAW) read it in that way, so it is an established Sunnah. The obligation of Tajweed The proofs that the scholars bring to show the obligation of Tajweed is that Allah says in the Qur’an, ÷ρ r& ÷ŠÎ— ϵø‹n= tã È≅Ïo?u‘uρ tβ#u™öà)ø9$# ¸ξ‹Ï?ös? ∩⊆∪ The meaning of which is: ‘And recite the Qur’an (aloud) in a (slow and melodious) style (tarteela)’ (Surah Muzzammil, Ayah 4) Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA) said in the explanation of this aayah: “at-Tarteel is Tajweed of the letters and knowing where to stop (correctly)”.[An-Nashr of Ibn Al-Jazaree 209:1] And of the rights of reciting correctly is reciting it the way it was revealed. There are various Ahadeeth also showing us the importance of Tajweed. Umm Salamah was asked about the recitation of the Prophet (SAW) and she described it as a recitation ‘clearlydistinnguishe letter by letter’.[Tirmidhi] Sa’eed bin Mansoor relates in his Sunan that a man was reciting the Qur’an to Abdullah bin Mas’ood and he recited “Innamas sadaqaatu lil fuqara-i wal masaakeen”, so Ibn mas’ood said: “This was not how the Messenger of Allah (SAW) recited it to me!” So the man asked, “How did he read it to you oh Aba Abdir-Rahman?” So he said “Lil Fuqaraaaa-i wal masaakeen”, he elongated the word Fuqaraa and the knowledge of the different lengths of elongation (mudood) is also from the rules of Tajweed. Ibn al-Jazari (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: Whoever is able to read the words of Allah with correct Arabic pronunciation but he deliberately pronounces it incorrectly like a non-Arab, out of arrogance, stubbornness and complacency, or because he is too proud to go to a scholar who could help him to correct his pronunciation, is undoubtedly falling short and sinning and being dishonest. The Messenger of Allaah (pbuh) said: “Religion is sincerity: to Allah, to His Book, to His Messenger, and to the leaders of the Muslims and their common folk.” It is not permissible for anyone to deliberately change any letter of it when he is able to pronounce it correctly. This is a kind of mistake which is a sin. If a person finds it difficult Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 3 to pronounce the letters correctly – such as people in whose language some of the Arabic letters, such as ظ , ذ and خ do not exist – they have to try to learn the correct pronunciation, but if they are unable to master it then they are excused, but their example should not be followed, and they should be called upon to strive their hardest to learn and correct their pronunciation. And none of them should lead the prayer, unless he is leading others like him who cannot pronounce well either. (1) Mistakes in Tajweed:-The scholars have divided the types of mistakes one might fall into when reciting the Qur’an into two types: 1.Clear mistakes and 2.Unobvious (hidden) mistakes. The Clear mistakes must be avoided by all and to avoid them one must know the rules of Tajweed. If a person falls into the Clear Mistakes, this is considered a sin and Ibn Taymiyyah even regarded it undesirable for a Student of Knowledge (i.e. someone who knows Tajweed) to pray behind a person who makes Clear Mistakes in their Salaah. As for the Unobvious mistakes, then the ruling on them is lighter and the recitation of a person falling into this type of mistake is regarded as lacking in completeness and prayer behind such a person is sound. Reciting the Qur’an melodiously The Prophet (SAW) used to recite the Qur’an in slow, measured, rhythmic tones as Allah had instructed him, not hurriedly, but rather “he would recite a surah in such slow rhythmic tones that it would be longer than it would seem possible.”[Muslim, Muwatta] He would stop at the end of each aayah [Abu Dawud]. He commanded people to recite in a beautiful voice in a pleasant melodious tone. He said “Beautify the Qur’an with your voices [for a fine voice increases the Qur’an in beauty]”[Bukhari] and he said “He who does not recite the Qur’an in a pleasant tone is not of us.”[Abu Dawud] Unfortunately all too often we find people reciting the Qur’an quickly and without changing their tone and without any feeling. We should put all our efforts into reciting the Qur’an with as much feeling as we can! Have you ever prayed behind an Imam who read with feeling? Well the Prophet (SAW) said “Truly the one who has one of the finest voices among the people for reciting the Qur’an is the one whom you think fears Allah when you hear him recite.”[Daarimi, Tabaraani] And once when the Prophet (SAW) complimented Abu Moosaa al-Ash’ari on the beauty of his recitation, Abu Moosaa said “Had I known you were there, I would have made my voice more pleasant and emotional for you.”[Bukhari, Muslim] Let us remember, that the Qur’an is the word of Allah. In it we find exhortations, warnings, glad-tidings, parables, stories of the past, commands and prohibitions. Aayaat to make us think, reflect, cry, fear, hope, love, fall down in prostration! How can we recite all of 1 67586 www.islam-qa.com Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 4 this without feeling!? When we recite an aayah of Qur’an we should imagine that we are trying to feel and convey the full message behind that aayah. Perhaps some of us don’t feel confident. I believe that this lack of confidence comes partly from not knowing the rules of Tajweed correctly and so fearing that we will make mistakes and partly from not understanding the meaning of what we are reciting. So let us work hard to remove these two obstacles by learning Tajweed and working towards learning Arabic. Helpful Tips towards learning Tajweed * You must find a Qur’an teacher who has studied Tajweed to listen to your recitation and correct you. Tajweed cannot merely be learnt from books, because the movements of your mouth as well as the sounds are important and only a teacher can correct you and make sure you are applying the rules correctly. Qur’an recitation is a science which was passed down generation by generation through teachers not just books, with a direct line to the Prophet pbuh. * Follow this book containing the rules of Tajweed and learn each rule little by little, applying it as you go along with the help of your teacher. Following the charts will make it even better to understand and remember the rules InshaaAllah. * Listen to Qur’an tapes of reciters who recite very clearly (you can find that also at www.reciter.org), at a medium or slow speed and notice them applying the different rules of Tajweed. Repeat after them while trying to apply the rules you’ve learnt. Try to copy their tone and melody as well and see how it changes as the meaning of what they’re reciting changes. * Apply the rules you learn to the Surahs you have already memorized and don’t save any effort about reciting correctly. You might have to revise the surahs by looking back at them. * Practice and repetition will make perfect InshaaAllah: As Ibn al-Jazaree says in his poem about acquiring Tajweed: ‘And there is no obstacle between it (learning Tajweed) and leaving it, Except that a person must exercise his mouth with it!’ May Allah help us all to give His Book its right when we recite it and make reciting it more beloved to our tongues than anything else. Aameen. `t{t `A etá{xw Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 5 Tajweed The linguistic meaning of Tajweed is (to beautify something). The technical meaning of Tajweed is (to give every letter its right with its description and its origination) Benefits of learning Tajweed The benefits of learning Tajweed are many as reflected in some of the following Ahadeeth: • The reciters of the Qur’an will be in the company of the noble and obedient angels ‘Aa’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, relates that the Prophet (SAW) said: “Verily the one who recites the Qur’an beautifully, smoothly, and precisely, he will be in the company of the noble and obedient angels. And as for the one who recites with difficulty, stammering or stumbling through its verses, then he will have TWICE that reward.” [Al-Bukhari and Muslim] • You will be from the best of people ‘Uthmaan, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Prophet (SAW) said: “The best of you are the ones who learn the Qur’an and teach it to others” [Al-Bukhari] • There are ten rewards for each letter you recite from the Quran “Whoever reads a letter from the Book of Allah, he will have a reward. And that reward will be multiplied by ten. I am not saying that “Alif, Laam, Meem” is a letter, rather I am saying that “Alif” is a letter, “laam” is a letter and “meem” is a letter.” [Tirmidhi states this is saheeh] • The Qur’an will lead you to Paradise! The Qur’an is an intercessor, something given permission to intercede, and it is rightfully believed in. Whoever puts it in front of him, it will lead him to Paradise; whoever puts it behind him, it will steer him to the Hellfire.” [An authentic hadith found in At-Tabaraanee, on the authority of ‘Abdullaah ibn Mas’ood] Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 6 Rules of Noon and Meem Mushaddad • The way of pronouncing: If a Meem or Noon is Mushaddad (that is, it has a shaddah sign on it), the reader must do Ghunnah (or Nasal sound) of 2 (beats) on it. • Examples:-¨βr& χãρutIs9 Ĩ$¨Ψ9$# ÏπuŠÏ¹$¨Ζ9$$Î/zΟ¨Ψyγpg¿2 §Νtã !$¨Βr&uρ $¨Βr'sù …絕Βé'sù !$¯ΡÎ) Note: if the reader stops on a word ending with Noon or Meem Mushaddad, the Gunnah for the Meem or Noon Mushadad still have to be applied. Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 7 Al –Qalqalah • The meaning of Qalqalah: Means vibration, it is the vibration of sound at the end of the pronunciation of a letter. It can be stated as a state between a Saakin (letter with Sukoon sign on it) and Mutaharrik (letter with Movement) • Letters of Qalqalah: They are collected in the words [!" #$] OR [% & ' ( )] • Examples: x8u‘ô‰|¹ î‰ymr& Ædkysø9$#uρ ΟßγyϑyèôÛr& ߉yϑ¢Á9$# ‘,ptø:$# çtIö/F{$# y‰|¡ym ¡=s?uρ Note: Qalqalah is only pronounced when the letter is Saakin (either the letter has the Sukoon sign or is assigned a sukoon because of stopping). Weak Strong Strongest Reach the goal with Tajweed rule 1st edition 8 The Heavy and light Letters ا فواو Types of Arabic letters considering their heaviness and lightness Heavy letters Temporary heavy and light The following letters Laam () in the Exalted name of Allah – See chart page (10) Letter () اا فSee chart page (12) Light letters The Rest of the letters The Alif Madd () The Ghunnah for Ikhfaa Haqiqi If the preceding letter is heavy If the preceding letter is light Alif Madd should be pronounced heavy Alif Madd should be pronounced light If the following letter is heavy If the following letter is light Ghunnah should be heavy Ghunnah should be light Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 9 1. Heavy letters ا فوا:-They are collected in the phrase [] OR [خ ص ض غ ط ق ظ] • The way of pronouncing a Heavy Letter:-The heavy letters have the quality of Isti’laa 2 “rising high”. Because while pronouncing them, a part of the tongue (mostly the back part) rises up to the roof makes the letter sound heavy. 2. Light letters ا فوا :-All the letters other than the heavy letters and the temporary heavy and light letters. • The way of pronouncing Light Letters: The Light Letters have the quality of Istifaal 3 “falling down”, by lowering the tongue when pronouncing the light letter. 3. Alif Madd ا أ The quality of Alif Madd being heavy or light depends on the letter preceding Alif Madd. If the letter before Alif Madd was light, so Alif Madd should accordingly take a light sound. And if the letter before Alif Madd was heavy, so Alif Madd should accordingly take a heavy sound. 4. The Ghunnah for Ikhfaa Haqiqi See page 23 from Rules of Noon Saakinah and Tanween. 2 See page 40 for more details about Isti’laa 3 See page 40 for more details about Istifaal Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 10 5. Rules for The Laam of The Exalted Name of Allah ما ا This is one of the temporary Qualities a) If there is a Fatha or a Dhamma before the word of Allah or Allahum, then laam in Allah will be heavy. Example: ª!$#uρ u™!$t±o„ ª!$# šoΨ≈ysö6ß™ §Νßγ¯=9$# (#θä9$s% ¢Οßγ¯=9$# b) If there is a kasrah before the word Allah, then the Laam in Allah or Allahum will be light Example: «!$$Î/¬! Ç⎯ƒÏŠ «!$# È≅è% ¢Οßγ¯=9$# c) If the reader starts reading with the name of Allah, then Laam in Allah or Allahom will be heavy. ============================================ Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 11 Lamm in Allah should be heavy If the letter before the name of Allah has Kasrah Laam () in the Exalted name of Allah If the letter before the name of Allah has fathha or Dhammah Lamm in Allah should be light If reader starts reading with the name of Allah Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 12 َ ُ َ ô Look at the previous letter َ ُ َ Hamzatul Wassl letter Yaa’ (ى) Because the following letter (in the same word) is heavy 5−öÏù ô Look at the Harakah on the previous letter َ ُ َ 4. Ruling of Raa’(ر) being HEAVY() or LIGHT() Depends on the Harakah on Raa’ (ر) Light Heavy Heavy Heavy Light Heavy Light Light Heavy Except for ÏŠ$|¹öÏϑø9 $$Î7s9 #YŠ$|¹óÉ∆ 7π s%öÏù <¨$sÛöÏ% #YŠ$|¹ö‘Î)uρ Light Heavy OR ÇΠ r& (#þθç/$s?ö‘$# ”Ï%©!$# 4© |Ós?ö‘$# Éb>§‘ $yϑßγ÷Η xqö‘$# û©ÉëÅ_ö‘$# uóÇÏΒ ÌôÜÉ)ø9 $# Except for Exceptional cases like:-îöyz փωs% Îô£o„ /Îó r'sù /Í‘ä‹çΡ uρ Or ا or و Light OR Heavy Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 13 The Rules of Noon Sakin and Tanween • Noon Saakinah: is a Noon with no Harakah or with a Sukoon sign on it. Noon Saakinah • Tanween:-Is actually a noon Saakinah which comes at the end of the nouns. It is pronounced but not written as Noon Saakinah. Tanween Rules of Noon Saakinah and Tanween4 • Izhar Halqi • Idgham • Iqlaab • Ikhfaa’ Haqiqi 4 Please refer to the chart page 20 to be able to find the rule and apply it while reciting Quran نô ن. ن · > í Y 7 × R ¥ 7 Note: -Tanween only occurs at the end of nouns (except for two verbs) whereas Noon Saakinah may occur anywhere in a word (in the middle or at the End). Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 14 First: Izhaar Halqi • Izhaar means “clear” • Izhaar Letters: the throat letters • The way of pronunciation :-If a Noon Saakin or a Tanween is followed by any of the six throat letters, The Noon Saakin or the Tanween is pronounced clearly from its respective origination without Ghunnah. • Examples on Noon Saakin ô⎯ÏΒ È≅÷δr& öΝåκ÷]tã ô⎯yϑÏ9 z©Å´yz 4‘sS÷Ζtƒ |Môϑyè÷Ρr& ô⎯ÏΒ Äd“r& • Examples on Tanween >‹Í×tΒöθtƒ $pκön=tæ #´‰ö7tã #sOEÎ) íΟ≈n=y™ }‘Ïδ >‹Í×tΒöθtƒ îπyèϱ≈yz îΠ$yèsÛ ωÎ) >πt/É‹≈x. 7πy∞ÏÛ%s{ ن ô · > í Note:-If the Tanween is followed by Hamzatul wassl ) ( , the reader is supposed to pronounce the noon in the Tanween like Noon with Kasrah. Example: >‹×tΒöθtƒ ”s)tGó¡çRùQ $# Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 15 Second: Iqlaab • Iqlaab means: -“to turn over” • Iqlaab letters:-“” • The way of pronunciation:-If a Noon Saakin or Tanween is followed by “ب”, it is converted into a hidden Meen with separating between lips. And the reader should make Ghunnah for 2 beats • Examples on Noon Saakin .⎯ÏΒ Ï‰÷èt/$uΖ÷Kt7/Ρr'sù • Examples on Tanween $Jèxó¡oΨs9 ÏπuŠÏ¹$¨Ζ9$$Î/¥‹Í×tΒöθtƒ zΟ¨Ψyγpg¿2 Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 16 Third: Idghaam • Idghaam means: -“To mix” or to “put one thing into another”. It is the mixing or entering of a Saakin letter into a Mutaharrik letter following it, so that they became a single Mushaddad letter. • Idghaam Letters:-There are six letters of Idghaam which are collected in the word “ن” • Types of Idghaam 1-Idghaam with Ghunnah -The Letters for the Idghaam with Ghunnah: -" " “ " " " " " OR " " If the Noon Saakin or the Tanween is followed by any of these four letters, the reader should make Idghaam with Ghunnah for 2 beats. -The way of pronunciation:-Skip the Noon or Tanween and Pronounce Ghunna with the following letter for 2 beats -Examples on Noon Saakin ⎯n=sù öΝä.y‰ƒÌ“¯Ρ ⎯yϑsù ö≅yϑ÷ètƒ ⎯ÏiΒ ¤‰|¡¨Β ⎯ÏΒ ΝÍκÉ″!#u‘uρ Note: the Noon Saakin or the Tanween and the Idgham letter have to be in two different words, otherwise the reader is not Supposed to do Idghaam. In this case it will be Izhaar Motlaq (رإ) and this case can be found only in 4 words in Quran ×β#uθ÷ΖϹ ×β#uθ÷ΖÏ% Ö⎯≈uŠ÷Ψç/$u‹÷Ρ‘‰9$# Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 17 -Examples on Tanween 7‹Í×tΒöθtƒ ×πuΗ¿å$¯Ρ Ò>θè=è% 7‹Í×tΒöθtƒ [™!#t“y_ ⎯ÏiΒ #YŠöt/Ÿωuρ 2-Idghaam without Ghunnah -The Letters for the Idghaam without Ghunnah: -" " " " If the Noon Saakin or the Tanween is followed by any of these two letters, there is no Ghunnah while making the Idghaam. -The way of pronunciation:-Skip the Noon or Tanween and Pronounce ل or ر without Ghunna -Examples on Noon Saakin ⎯tã öΝÍκÍh5§‘ ⎦Í.s! óΟ©9 -Examples on Tanween Öø.ÏOE t⎦⎫ÏΗs>≈yèù=Ïj9 Ô∃ρâ™ts9 ÒΟŠÏm§‘ Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 18 Fourth: Ikhfaa Haqiqi • Ikhfaa maens: “To hide”, It is the pronunciation Of Noon Saakina or Tanween In a way so that the sound is between Idghaam and Izhaar. • Letters of Ikhfaa:-Any letter other than the lettes of Izhaar, Iqlaab or Idghaam letters. • The way of pronunciation:-If any letter other than the letters of Izhaar, Iqlaab or Idghaam letters follows the Noon Saakin or Tanween, the Reader should hide the Noon Saakin or Tanween. The reader is also required to make Ghunnah for two beats. • The Ghunnah for the Ikhfaa:-1-Heavy Ghunnah 2-Light Ghunnah First: The Heavy Ghunnah If the Noon Saakina or the Tanween is followed by one of the heavy letters ( ظ ق ط غ ض ص خ), the Sound of Ghunnah should also be heavy: -• Examples on Noon Saakin ãÝàΖtƒ ⎯tΒ 4©xösÛ • Examples on Tanween $\/#x‹tã $Y6ƒÌs% Ò=çGä. ×πyϑÍh‹s% Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 19 Second: The Light Ghunnah If the Noon Saakin or the Tanween is followed by a light letter, the sound of Ghunnah should be light. • Examples on Noon Saakin ⎯yϑsù u™!$x© öΝä3≈tΡö‘x‹Ρr& • Examples on Tanween $U™ù(x.uρ $]%$yδÏŠ 7‹Í×tΒöθtƒ ×βù'x© Reach the goal with Tajweed rule 1st edition 20 Chart for Rules of Noon saakinah and Tanween ن · ô > í ن Y 7 × ن . R ¥ 7 Izhaar Halqi (رِإ) Pronounce clear Noon without Ghunna Look at the following letter Iqlaab (بإ) Change Noon into hidden Meem + separation between the lips + Ghunna If the following letter is one of the letters in نIf the following letter is any other letter Ikhfaa Haqiqi(ءإ) Change the pronunciation of the Noon or the Tanween in to a hidden Noon with Ghunna for 2 beats Idgham (مدإ) Idgham with Ghunna (مدإ) Idgham without Ghunna (نو!مدإ) Light Ghunna Heavy Ghunna ô⎯ÏΒ Äd“r& >ο§θè% y‰ΖÏã If the letter is one of the letters in "If the letter is ل or ر Skip the Noon or Tanween and Pronounce ل or ر without Ghunna Skip the Noon or Tanween and Pronounce Ghunna with the following letter for 2 beats If the letter is one of the Heavy letters $%& 'If the letter is one of the Light letters (Rest of the letters) Pronounce the noon on the Tanween like Noon with Kasrah >‹Í×tΒöθtƒ ”s)tGó¡çRùQ $# Except if the Tanween is followed by Hamzatul wassl ) *ا ة-"ه /0( $\/$|¡Ïm #ZÅ¡o„ ⎯ yϑsù ö≅yϑ÷ètƒ ×Λ|s% “Ï%Îk! ⎦Í. s! óΟ©9 Exceptional cases Ezhar Motlaq ا را If the Noon Sakinah is followed by one of the Idgham letters in the same word, pronounce clear Noon Sakt Sign ا The presence of the Sakt Sign will make the Noon pronounced clearly without Idgham Ÿ≅ŠÏ% uρ 2ô⎯tΒ 5−#u‘ ×β#uθ÷ΖϹ ×β#uθ÷ΖÏ% Ö⎯≈uŠ÷Ψç/$u‹÷Ρ‘‰9$# .⎯ÏΒ È⎦÷⎫t/¥‹Í×tΒöθtƒ zΟ¨Ψyγpg¿2 ⎯ÏΒ 8ìƒÎŸÑ $y|¹ $y|¹ ⎯ tΒ 4’ª1 t“s? %y. yŠ %y.yŠ Pronounced as: Written as: Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 21 How to pronounce each rule Izhaar Halqi ôن ôن · َ + ôن · َ ôن + í ُ ôن + Idgham with Ghunna 1. Skip the ن 2. Put imaginary ( ) on the next letter + nasal sound with the next letter (2 beats). ّ 2. Put ( ) on the next letter + nasal sound with the next letter (2 beats). 1. Change 7 Y َ ِ × ُ ّ ô⎯ÏΒ È≅÷δr& î‘$tΡ 8πuŠÏΒ%tn #´‰ö7tã #sOEÎ) 7>πt/É‹≈x. 7πy∞ÏÛ%s{ ⎯yϑsù ö≅yϑ÷ètƒ ⎯ÏΒ 7πyϑ÷èÏoΡ ⎯ÏiΒ ¤‰|¡¨Β ⎯ÏΒ ΝÍκÉ″!#u‘uρ !" !# $%!# !& '()*×νθã_ãρ 7‹Í×tΒöθtƒ Ö‘$tΡ 8οy‰|¹÷σ•Β ×öyz #’s+ö/r&uρ #\ø‹yz …çνttƒ 7$Î!#uρuρ $tΒuρ + ,'-. /' 0123 45. 67+ 6, . 8.. Written As Pronounced As Pronounced As Written As • For Noon Saakin • For Tanween • For Noon Saakin • For Tanween Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 22 ⎯ÏΒ ÎhŸ° ã‡xΖムÌÝàΖu‹ù=sù ⎯tã 9,t7sÛ % 79+ %:;<" %7= %>? Light Ghunnah Heavy Ghunnah Idgham without Ghunna Skip the ن Change 7 Y َ ِ × ُ Change ن hidden ن with nasal sound (2 beats) Ikhfaa Haqiqi βr& ⎯©9 βr& çν#u™§‘ ×öy{ y7©9 7πt±ŠÏã 7πuŠÅÊ#§‘ 7‹Í×tΒöθu‹sù ω @8 ,AB@8 6C9@8 /'" Pronounced As Written As Pronounced As Written As Change 7 Y َ ِ × ُ Change Change +++ hidden ن with nasal sound (2 beats) hidden ن with nasal sound (2 beats) hidden ن with nasal sound (2 beats) • For Noon Saakin • For Tanween • For Noon Saakin • For Tanween Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 23 ÒΟ≈yèôÛÎ) ’Îû $VϑŠÏKtƒ #sOE $y|¹ $y|¹ D#%E;!+ %/ %@;2 ;FLight Ghunnah Heavy Ghunnah Iqlaab Change ن hidden م with nasal sound (2 beats) ِ ¤Θ#tÏ. ;οu‘tt/8ÝŠÏt’Χ ö≅t/!71G!H?I $uΖ÷Kt7/Ρr'sù .⎯ÏΒ È⎦÷⎫t/!JKL" %Pronounced As Written As Pronounced As Written As Change َ 7 ُ Change Change +++ hidden م with nasal sound (2 beats) hidden م with nasal sound (2 beats) hidden م with nasal sound (2 beats) R ¥ • For Noon Saakin • For Tanween Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 24 The Rules of Meem Saakinah • Meem Saakin: -Is a Meem with no Harakah (م) or a Meem with a Sukoon sign ( ) • Rules of Meem Saakin5: -1-Ikhfaa Shafawi 2-Idghaam Mutamathelyne Sagheer 3-Izhaar Shafawi First: Ikhfaa Shafawi • Ikhfaa means:-“hide”, So it is the hiding of the origination of Meem by not letting the two lips come in complete contact. • Letters of Ikhfaa Shafawi “ب” • The way of pronounciation:-If the Meem Sakin is followed by a “ب”, the Meem is pronounced in a way that the two lips do not come in complete contact. A ghunnah with two beats is also done in this case • Examples:-Ν èδ ÷Åe³t7sù A>#x‹yèÎ/Λ s> ÷ètƒ ¨βr'Î/Ο ßγ š/u‘ öΝ Îγ Î6/Ρ x‹Î/5 Please refer to the chart page 31 to be able to find the rule and apply it while reciting Quran م ô Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 25 Second :Idghaam Mutamathelyne Sagheer Idgham means: -“to mix” or to put on thing into another. It is the mixing or entering of a saakin letter “م” into a Mutaharrik letter “م” following it. • Letters of Idghaam Mutamathelyne Sagheer“م” • The way of pronounciation:-If a Meem Saakin is followed by a “م”, the second Meem is pronounced with Ghunnah with two beats. • Examples:-Ν ßγ oΨ tΒ#u™ uρ ô⎯ ÏiΒ Ν Íκ É″ !#u‘uρ 8ÝŠ Ït’Χ Ν åκ ¨Ξ r& tβθèOθ ãèö6¨Β Third: Izhaar Shafawi (6) • Izhaar Shafawi means: -“clear” or clear Meem • Letters of Izhaar Shafawi:-All the Letters other than “ب”, “م” • The way of pronunciation:-If the Meem Saakinah is followed by any letter other than “ب” , “م” , it has to be pronounced clearly by making a complete contact of the two lips. • Examples:-óΟ s9 r& ö≅ yèøgs† öΝ èδ šχρâ™ !#tムöΝ èδ ⎯ tã öΝ Íκ ÍEŸξ |¹ tβθèδ$y™ 6 When the Meem is followed by (و) or (ف), the Izhaar should be stronger and it is called “Izhaar Shafawi Ashadd” Reach the goal with Tajweed rule 1st edition 26 Pronounce clear Meem without Ghunna Look at the following letter If the following letter is م Idghaam Mutamaathilayne Sagheer ( مدإ ) Izhaar Shafawi ) ىرإ ( ö/ãφ ϵ‹Ïù Pronounce the seconed Meem + Ghunna Rules of Meem Saakinah مô م If the following letter is ب Pronounce hidden Meem + separation between the lips + Ghunna ΟÎγø‹n= tæ @ÏÜøŠ |ÁßϑÎ/Ikhfaa Shafawi ) ىءإ ( Νåκ¨Ξ r& tβθèOθãèö6¨Β Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 27 Al-Madd • Al-Madd means: Long. Conventionally, it may be defined as to make the Madd letters long under some conditions. The way of pronunciation Al-Madd can be prolonged from two to six beats depending upon its kind. Letters to have Madd Leen letters 1. Yaa “ى” Saakin preceded by a letter with a Fathah Example: · ÷ƒtè% 2. Waaoo “و” Saakin preceded by a letter with a Fathah Example: ∃ öθyz Huroof Maddiyyah 1. Alif saakinah “ ا ”preceded by a Fathah Example: οu‘$y∨ Ït¿2 2. Waaoo Saakinah “ و ” preceded by a Dhammah Example: íθ ã_ 3. Yaa Saakin “ى” preceded by a Kasrah Example: ö/ä3 ãΨƒÏŠ Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 28 Types of Madd: -• Madd Tabee’ee • Madd Al-Badal • Madd Ewadh • Madd Aaridh Li-Ssukoon • Madd Al-Leen • Madd Waajib Muttasil • Madd Jaa’ez Munfasil • Madd Laazim !" Madd Tabee’ee Madd Tabee’ee means the natural Madd. The natural Madd is simply one of the Madd letters ا or و or ى (Huroof maddeya ) not followed by a Hamzah (ء) or a Saakin letter. The natural Madd is prolonged two beats. Example:-¥Αθà2ù'¨Β ΝÎγ‹ÏΒös? ;οu‘$y∨Ït¿2 Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 29 Madd Al-Badal Madd Al-Badal can simply be defined as (every Hamza preceding a Madd letter). Madd Al-Badal, if not followed by a Saakin letter or Hamzah, is prolonged only 2 beats. Example:-$uΖÏG≈tƒ$t↔Î/çν#u™u‘ sπtƒFψ$# Madd ‘Ewadh ‘Ewadh means: compensation. Madd ‘Ewadh is the replacement of a Tanween Fathah present at the end of a word while sopping at it, with an Alif Madd (7). Madd ‘Ewadh is prolonged two beats. Example:-$R/≡tè? [™!$tΒ $[sö7y™ #Xö∆r& $y|¹ 7 Except for Taa Marbuta “ ة ”. The Reader should stop on Taa Marbuta and pronounce it like Haa” ـه ” with Sukoon Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 30 Madd ‘Aridh Li-Ssukoon Madd Aridh Li-Ssukoon means “temporary Madd for stopping ”. If a Madd Tabee’ee is followed by a letter at the end of a word, which has been made Saakin temporarily because the reader has to stop at the word, the reader should prolong the Madd Tabee’ee to be Madd Aridh Li-Ssukoon. Madd Aridh Li-Ssukoon can be prolonged 2,4 or 6 beats. For the sake of simplicity, we will prolong it 4 beats.. Examples:-9≅ŠÅd∨Å™ ϵ‹Åzr& ÉΟ‹Ïàyèø9$# ß⎯≈oΗ÷q§9$# tβθä9u™!$|¡tFtƒ Madd Al-leen Leen means “easy”. The Leen letters:-A Waaoo (و) or Yaa’ (ى) Saakin preceded by a letter with a Fathah. When should we do this Madd? If one of the Leen letters is followed by a letter at the end of a word, which has been Saakin due to stop (8), the reader should prolong the Leen letter. The reader can choose to prolong it 2,4 or 6 beats. Example:-¤∃öθyz ÏMøt7ø9$# É#ø‹¢Á9$#uρ 8 If the reader will not stop, no Madd is applied. Note: This Madd only exists if the reader stops on that word. If the reader does not stop on it, it should be considered as a Madd Tabee’ee (2 beats). Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 31 Madd Waajib Muttasil Waajib means “Mandatory” and the Muttasil means “Joined”. If a Madd letter [ ا or و or ى ] is followed by a Hamzah (ء), which is present in the same word, the reader should prolong it 4-5 beats. Example:-u™ü“(%É`uρ y7Íׯ≈s9'ρé& u™!$x© â™!$yϑ¡¡9$# ™!$yϑ¡¡9$# Madd Jaa’ez Munfasil !Jaa’ez Means “permitted”. Munfasil means “Seperated”. If a Madd Letter [ ا or و or ى ] present at the end of a word is followed by a Hamzah (ء) which is present in the beginning of the next word, the reader is supposed to prolong the Madd letter 4-5 beats which is Madd Jaa’ez Munfasil9. Examples:-!$¯ΡÎ) çµ≈oΨø9t“Ρr& ü “Ï%©!$# uÙs)Ρr& ü”Ï%©!$# ΟßγyϑyèôÛr& (#þθèWt7ù=tƒ ωÎ) 9 If the reader stops on a word that ends with Madd sign likeü “Ï%©!$#, the Madd will be considered as Madd Tabee’ee (2 beats) Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 32 Madd Laazim "#$ 1-Madd Lazim Kalimee Muthaqqal :-If a Madd Letter is followed by a Mushaddad letter, the reader is required to prolong the Madd letter. It must be prolonged for 6 beats. Example:-èπ¨z!$¢Á9$# èπ¨Β!$©Ü9$# ~ω!$|Ê 3 Madd Lazim Harfee مزMadd Lazim Kalimee آ مزMuthaqqal 6 beats Mukhaffaf 6 beats Muthaqqal 6 beats Mukhaffaf 6 beats Types of Madd Laazim. Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 33 2-Madd Laazim Kalimee Mukhaffaf :-If a Madd letter is followed by a Saakin letter, which is present in the same word, the reader is required to prolong the Madd letter. It Must also be prolonged no less than 6 beats. Examples:-this is the only case in the Quran z⎯≈t↔ø9!#u™ 3-Madd Laazim Harfee Muthaqqal :-If a Madd letter is followed by a Mushaddad letter, the reader is required to prolong the Madd letter. This Madd must be prolonged for 6 beats. Examples:-Written as Pronounced as üÈýϑ!9# %&'(%) &* +, &-.(" ýϑ!9# %&'(%) +&-..( " $Ο!9# %&'(%) &-..( " 6 beats 6 beats 6 beats Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 34 4-Madd Laazim Harfee Mukhaffaf :-If a Madd letter is followed by a Saakin letter, both of them being present in the same letter, the reader is required to prolong the Madd letter. This Madd must be prolonged 6 beats. Examples:-Written as Pronounced as üÈÿè‹γ!2 (10) &* +, /&++0 +1 &2 %3 üÈýϑ!9# %&'(%) &* +, &-.(" !9# %&'(%) ..( " +&-$Ο!9# %&'(%) &-.(" 10 The Madd in the letters ( ر ـه ط ى ح) is Madd tabee’ee that has only 2 beats 6 beats 6 beats 6 beats 6 beats Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 35 The Madd is required by the presence of Madd Letters ا or و or ى Leen Letters و or ى (yaa or Waw sakinah preceded by Fathah) Preceded by Hamza ) ء ( Followed by any letter except for Hamza ) ء ( or a Saakin letter Followed by Hamza ) ء ( Followed by A Saakin Letter due to stopping Madd Tabee’ee Madd Al-Badal Madd ‘Aaridh lissuukoo Madd Jaa’ez Munfasil Madd Wajib Muttasil Madd Al-Leen In the same word In the next word Followed by A Saakin Letter due to stopping That is resulted from stopping on Tanween Fath-ah. Except for the Tanween on Taa Marboota Madd ‘Ewadh If it was Alif Madd Followed by Madd Lazim Kalemi Muthaqqal 6 beats Madd Lazim Kalemi Mukhaffaf Saakin Letter Mushaddad Letter Madd Lazim Harfi Mukhaffaf Madd Lazim Harfi Muthaqqal 2 beats 4-5 beats 2, 4 or 6 beats Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 36 (11) 11 This is the way the reader should atop on any word while reciting Quran Stopping at the End of Words Words Ending with Tanween Fat-hah $\/$|¡Ïm $\/#tø?r& [™ !$tΒ Changed into Fat-hah on the last letter + Alif Madd Words Ending with Taa’ Marbootah ×π yèϱ≈ yz Zο tσªΥ Changed into /ـ Saakinah, no matter which Harakah is on the Taa’ Marbootah Íο tÏù$ptø: $# The extra Madd sign at the end of the word, the reader stops on it ignoring this extra Madd sign and make a normal Madd for 2 beats. Words Ending with any Harakah other than Tanween Fat-hah ϵÏΒ$yèsÛ 5ΟƒÌx. ×⎦⎫Ång¾Changed into Sukoon on the last letter tβθçΗ s>÷èu‹y™ â™ !$uΚ¡¡9 $# !"#Words Ending with Saakin letter or with Madd letter ( ا or و or ى ) Ÿω$s%uρ 4©|Âtãuρ þ’ÎoΤÎ) ÷Éi9s3 sù Words Ending with a Mushaddad Letter Aρ߉tã Stop with a Sukoon on Both Identical Letters with a small Jerk (Nabr) in the reader’s voice No change Ædkysø9 $#uρ ô‰s9θム£⎯è= t↔ó¡çFs9 If the letter is a Qalqala letter ! " # $ If the letter is Meem or Noon Mushadad If the letter is any letter other than % or or Qalqala letters öptùΥ $#uρ Stop with Qalqala Stop with Strong Qalqala Stop with no Harakah and make Ghunnah for 2 beats …ç µ− /u ‘ Stop with () Haa with Sukoon Reach the goal via Tajweed rule 1st edition 37 The Qualities of the letters The Permanent Qualities with Opposites Permanent Qualities Without Opposites 1. Qalqalah &''2. As-Safeer – (3. Al-Leen – )4. Al-Inhiraf – *+,-5. At-Takreer –+.+6. At-Tafasshy –/7. Istitaalah – &01-Aljahr +23Alham 456Ashiddah 7/Arakhawa +78 Attawassut 91Isti’laa :;1