wireless markup lang(WAP/WML)

Internet Services on Mobile Devices(WAP/WML) : 1 Internet Services on Mobile Devices(WAP/WML) Chetan Manchanda manchanda.chetan@gmail.com

Slide 2 : 2 WAP Introduction - In 1997, the Wireless Application Protocol Forum was organized by Wireless device manufacturers. This group defined the WAP Architecture specification to define the system and protocol architectures essential for wireless network applications and services. - WAP Architecture Requirements - Components of WAP Architecture - The WAP Programming Model - WAP Infrastructure - Sample configurations of WAP technology Introduction

Mobile Internet connected devices are proliferating : 3 Mobile Internet connected devices are proliferating Parts are becoming cheaper and more reliable Storage has becoming larger and cheaper Wireless technology has matured Weight and size can be kept low Mobile? A device which, due to various attributes (such as weight, power etc.) may be considered portable Embedded? A device which contains subsystems capable of processing and storing information

Slide 4 : 4 Traditional Internet applications cannot run on mobile devices because of the following limitations: Low bandwidth network High Latency network Limited connection stability Small display size Limited input facility Limited memory Limited processing power Limitations of Internet for Wireless Applications

Slide 5 : 5 Mobile software development considerations Size of display limited Input device may be harder to manipulate Sound may be limited Storage/processing ability could be slower

Slide 6 : 6 What is WAP? It’s a protocol set which is the standard means for delivery of internet content over wireless handheld devices WAP/WML is to the wireless web as HTTP/HTML is to the wired web Supported by handset manufacturers representing 95% of the world market across all technologies Supported by network operators representing 100 million+ subscribers Founded in June 1997 by industry group to provide industry standard to foster interoperability among wireless devices Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

Slide 7 : 7 WML andWMLScript Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

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Slide 9 : 9 WAP Architecture (contd)…

Slide 10 : 10 WAP Architecture (contd)…

Slide 11 : 11 WAP Architecture (contd)… WAE - holds the tools that wireless Internet content developers use. WSP - determines whether a session between the device and the network will be connection-oriented or connectionless. WTP - acts like a traffic cop, keeping the data flowing in a logical and smooth manner. It also determines how to classify each transaction request: Reliable two way (WTP/C) Reliable one way (WTP/T) Unreliable one way (WTP/D) WTLS - provides many of the same security features found in the Transport Layer Security (TLS) part of TCP/IP. WDP - makes it easy to adapt the transport layer to a variety of bearers because all that needs to change is the information maintained at this level.

Slide 12 : 12 WAP Architecture (contd)… In a real WAP solution, the main components include: WAP Device Bearer WAP Gateway Content Content Server

Slide 13 : 13 Comparison between WAP & Internet

Slide 14 : 14 WAP Components (contd)… WAP Gateway Encoder: converts WML to binarized WML Adaptor: provides additional information through HTTP header Translate HTTP requests to WSP. Convert between SSL and WTLS Convert transport protocols (TCP and WDP) {Protocol Conversion/Content Encoding}

Slide 15 : 15 WAP Components (contd)… WAP Profiles Homepage Connection Type(Switched Line-continous/Packet Switched-temp) Connection Security(On/Off) Bearer(GPRS, CDMA etc…) Dialup No.(Dial-in server to which WAP Gateway is attached) IP Address(WAP Gateways IP) Authentication Type(Normal/Secure) Data Call Type(Analog/ISDN) Data Call Speed(Baud Rates) User Name Password

Slide 16 : 16 WAP Security End to End Security Missing Secure Authentication Unauthenticated OTP Missing PKI WAP Session Security Issues

Slide 17 : 17 WAP Push WAP Push is a service that allows information to be sent to user mobile device without previous user interaction. Pull Vs. Push Technology. Push Initiator PPG Mobile Device Push Access Protocol (Uses HTTP). -Push submissions,Confirmation Notification,Push Cancellation, Status Query Response, Client Capabilities Wireless Network (Push Over the Air Protocol) (Transmits Push Messages over WSP)

Slide 18 : 18 WAP Components (contd)… WML (Wireless Markup Language) An XML-based markup language that describes how WAP content is presented on a wireless terminal Differs from HTML in the following WML was specifically designed for wireless terminals with a target screen that is only a few lines long and about an inch wide. WML is case sensitive, and all tags and attributes should be in lowercase. Unlike HTML, WML is unforgiving of incorrectly nested tags. WML doesn't assume that a keyboard or a mouse is available for user input. Based on these differences, WML provides a smaller, telephony-aware set of tags that make it more appropriate than HTML for handheld wireless terminals.

Slide 19 : 19 WAP include: XHTML (with backwards compatibility to WML) TCP Color graphics Animation Large file downloading Location-smart services Streaming media Data synchronization with desktop PIM Latest on WAP

Slide 20 : 20 WML (Wireless Markup Language)

Slide 21 : 21 Uses WAP (protocol) Intended for mobile devices – light code WML document represents a deck of cards Strict syntax Many tags have required attributes Uses HTTP Intended for high-bandwidth PCs HTML document represents one page Forgiving code Only include the attributes you need WML vs. HTML

Slide 22 : 22 Overwiev of the WML Multiple pages called cards simultaneously in a single transmission unit called Decks. Concepts of Event. Preserve the content of the variables within cards.

Slide 23 : 23 Overwiev of the WML Variables in WML are Type less. Some Standard Libraries: Lang Float String URL WML Browser Library Dialogs Library

Slide 24 : 24 Overwiev of the WML Binary Encoded Formats WML Deck and WMLScripts are encoded between mobile device and Wap gateway. .WBMP format for transmission efficiency (without header information and are compressed) 210 bytes to 44bytes binary data(WBXML) 1400 to 2048 bytes(typical size) Pagination/Deck fragmentation

Slide 25 : 25 The elements of WML Deck /Card Element: WML, Card, Template, Head, Meta Event: do, ontimer,onenterforward, onenterbackward,onevent,onpick,post field Tasks:go,prev,refresh,noop Variable:setvar Userinput:input, select,option,optgroup Text formatting Anchor,image,timer: a, anchor, img, timer

Slide 26 : 26 WAP file extensions Mobile devices have browsers which are cut down versions. To develop, or view, WAP sites you can use software/portals which allow you to browse them: http://www.wapsilon.com/

Slide 27 : 27 WML basics Always start with The WML document's root element is the element. The element contains elements that link it to other cards (WAP pages): ... ...

Slide 28 : 28 WML Structure The first line specifies the XML version number. The second line specifies the SGML public document identifier. The third line specifies the location of the WML document type definition (DTD). The DTD can be located in the network, or you can store it locally to make accessing it faster. The Nokia WAP Toolkit includes the DTD file wml.xml, found in the directory \dtd. The fourth line is the root element of the XML document of which there may only be only one and it must match the root element name as indicated in the first argument of the document type. All WML documents must begin with a tag. The following lines define a card containing a start and an end tag and text to be displayed to the user. All WML decks must end with a tag.

Slide 29 : 29 Text Paragraph Paragraphs of text are defined within a

…

Slide 30 : 30 Line Break Paragraph text can have limited formatting with a line break by inserting the
tag where a new line should be forced.  Example:  

Today will be mainly
cloudy with a little
sunshine and
scattered showers!

Slide 31 : 31 Formatting text em Render with emphasis. strong Render with strong emphasis. i Render with an italic font. b Render with a bold font. u Render with underline. big Render with a large font. small Render with a small font. Use the strong and em tags where possible. It is not recommended to use the b, i and u tags except where explicit control over text presentation is required.

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Slide 33 : 33 Table example

Slide 34 : 34 Anchor example

Slide 35 : 35 WML tips Most tags have opening and closing components The language is case sensitive. Use all lowercase tags. All tag parameter values (or variables) must be enclosed in quotes (for example,

) All text must be enclosed in a tag, even if that tag is just a simple paragraph tag (

) There are some elements that must appear in a certain order. For example, within a element, the following must appear in order: , ,

Slide 36 : 36 WML language: Ex.1

Hello Wireless World!

Slide 37 : 37 WML language: Ex.2

Hello World!

Slide 38 : 38 WML language: Ex.3

An image:

Slide 39 : 39 M-commerce - shopping, tickets, micro-payments Finance - statements, funds transfer, shares trading M-billing - notification, presentation and payment of bills Enterprise access - inventory, shipment/sales updates, email M-care - customer service, payment status, account updates Entertainment - games, gambling, interactive multi-player events Messaging - communication and collaboration Travel - scheduling, advisories, reservations Location services - traffic reports, parking information, store discounts, event recommendations Applications

Slide 40 : 40 Thank You

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Slide 42 : 42 Terminology HTML: It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based information in a document — by denoting certain text as links, headings, paragraphs, lists, and so on — and to supplement that text with interactive forms, embedded images, and other objects. HTML is written in the form of tags. XML:The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a general-purpose specification for creating custom markup languages.It is classified as an extensible language because it allows its users to define their own elements. Its primary purpose is to help information systems share structured data, particularly via the Internet,and it is used both to encode documents and to serialize data. XHTML:The Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, or XHTML, is a markup language that has the same depth of expression as HTML, but also conforms to XML syntax. While HTML is an application of SGML, a very flexible markup language, XHTML is an application of XML, a more restrictive subset of SGML.

Slide 43 : 43 Terminology XHTML 1.0:Strict,Transitional and Frameset XHTML Basic and XHTML-MP It is the most restrictive version of XHTML, providing a minimal set of features that even the most limited devices can be expected to support. One large advantage XHTML Basic has over WML and C-HTML is that XHTML Basic pages can be rendered differently in web browsers and on handhelds, without the need for two different versions of the same page. It will replace WML and C-HTML as more compliant user agents are developed. XHTML Basic 1.0. Known as XHTML Mobile Profile or XHTML-MP, they were strongly focused on uniting the differing markup languages used on mobile handsets at the time. All provide richer form controls than XHTML Basic 1.0, along with varying levels of scripting support. XHTML 1.2/2.0

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