http://www.cbseguess.com/-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------www.cbseguess.com Other Educational Portals www.icseguess.com | www.ignouguess.com | www.dulife.com | www.magicsense.com Guess Paper – 2010 Subject – Chemistry Class – XII UNIT 1 – SOLID STATE FOCUS POINTS No. of atoms /unit cell Cubic unit cell = 8 * 1/8 = 1 atom BCC unit cell = 8 * 1/8 + 1 = 2 atoms FCC unit cell = 8 * 1/8 + 6 * ½ = 4 atoms Radius of FCC = r = a /22 Radius of BCC = r = r = √3/4 a Radius of Cubic UC = r = a /2 Density,d = Z*M /a3 * NA 1.What is meant by Coordination no. in an ionic crystal? 2. What is the maximum possible Coordination no. of an ato in a hcp crystal structure of an element? 3. How many effective Sodium ions are located at the centres of faces of a unit cell in a Sodium chloride Crystal? 4. What are F-centres? 5. What type of crystal defect is produced when NaCl is doped with MgCl2? 6. What happens when a ferromagnetic substance is subjected to high temperature? 7. Name the type of point defect that occurs in a crystal of ZnS? 8. What type of substances show antiferromagnetism? 9. Determine the type of cubic lattice to which a given crystal belongs,it has edge length of 290 pm And density is 7.80 g cm-3.( Mol. Mass= 56 g/mol) 10. Why does ZnO exhibit enhanced electrical conductivity on heating? 11. Calculate the efficiency of packing in case of a metal crystal for simple cubic (% of volume occupied And unoccupied) 12. X-ray diffraction studies show that Cu crystallizes in an fcc unit cell with cell edge of 3.608 x10-8 cm. In a separate experiment Cu is determined to have a density 8.92 g cm-3.Calculate the atomic mass of Cu. 13. Calculate the density of Silver which crystallizes in the Fcc structure .The distance between the nearest Silver atoms in this structure is 287 pm. 14. The density of Chromium metal is 7.2 g cm-3. If the unit cell is Cubic with edge length of 289 pm. Determine the type of unit cell.( At. Mass of Cr = 52 u, NA = 6.02 x 10 23 mol-1. 15. Iron occurs as BCC structure.If effective radius of Iron atom is124 pm,Calculate the density of Iron. Atomic weight of iron is 56 g mol-1 http://www.cbseguess.com/-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------www.cbseguess.com Other Educational Portals www.icseguess.com | www.ignouguess.com | www.dulife.com | www.magicsense.com UNIT 2 – SOLUTIONS FOCUS POINTS Henry‟s law,Raoult‟s Law,Colligative properties and numericals based on them. 1.Define osmotic pressure, Reverse Osmosis and Molarity of solution. 2. State Henry‟s law correlating the pressure of a gas and its solubility in a solvent and mention two applications for the law. 3. Before giving intravenous injection,what care is generally taken and Why? 4.State Raoult,s law for solution of Volatile liquid components taking suitable examples,explain the meaning of positive deviation from Raoult‟s law. 5. What are anti-freeze solutions ? Which substance is generally used in it? 6. A and B on mixing produced a warm solution.Which type of deviation is there and why? 7. What is the boiling point of a liquid? 8. To get hard boiled eggs,common salt is added to water before boiling the eggs. Why? 9. Calculate the temperature at which a solution containing 54 g of glucose in 250 g of water will freeze. ( Kf for water = 1.86 K mol-1 kg) 10. A solution containing 8 g of a substance in 100 g of diethyl ether boils at 36.86 0C, whereas Pure ether boils at 35.60 0C. Determine the molecular mass of the solute. (For Ether Kb = 2.02 K Kg mol-1) 11. Define Kohlrausch‟s law. UNIT 3 – ELECTROCHEMISTRY FOCUS POINTS Representation of Cell; Finding EMF of the cell;Nernst equation;Calculation of Conductivity,Molar conductivity,Cell constant & Standard cell potential; Lead storage Battery & Fuel cells. 1. Define Conductivity and Molar conductivity for the solution of an electrolyte.Discuss their variation with concentration. 2. Why does the conductivity of a solution decrease with dilution ? 3. Predict if the following reaction is feasible or not – E Ag+/Ag = +0.80 V E Cu2+/Cu = 0.34 V Cu 2+ (aq) + 2 Ag (s) ----- Cu (s) + 2 Ag +(aq) 4. Electrolytic conductivity of 0.30 M solution of KCl at 298 K is 3.72 X 10-2 ohm-1 cm-1.Calculate its molar conductivity. 5. What is the use of Faradays laws in electrolysis ? 6. The Molar conductivity of 0.2 M solution of KCl at 298 K is 0.0248 Scm-1 Calculate its Molar conductivity. 7. The resistanceof a conductivity cell containing 0.001 M KCl at 298 K is 1500 Ω.What is the cell constant if conductivity of 0.001 M KCl solution at 298 K is 0.146 x 10-3 S cm-1. 8. What is the effect of temperature on Molar conductance ? 9. What are primary cells ?Give reactions taking place at electrodes in Mercury cell. Mention its uses and give reason why it is used. 10. Resistance of a conductivity cell filled with 0.1 mol L-1 KCl solution is100 Ω.If http://www.cbseguess.com/-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------www.cbseguess.com Other Educational Portals www.icseguess.com | www.ignouguess.com | www.dulife.com | www.magicsense.com the resistance of the same cell when filled with 0.02 mol L-1 KCl solution is520Ω, calculate Conductivity and Molar conductivity of 0.02 mol L-1 KCl solution.The conductivity of 0.1 mol L-1 KCl solution is 1.29 S/m. (Hint: Cell const = conductivity x resistance;κ = 1/R x l/a;Λm = 1000 κ /M ) UNIT 4 – CHEMICAL KINETICS FOCUS POINTS Order of a reaction;Expression and Derivation of Zero and First order reactions;Numericals on half life of a reaction. 1. What will be the effect of temperature on rate constant ? 2. A first order decomposition reaction takes 40 mins for 30 %decomposition.Calculate its t1/2 value. 3. List the factors oin which the rate of a reaction depends. 4. The half lifefor decay of radioactive 14C is 5730 years.An archeological artefact containing wood has only 80 % of the 14C activity as found in living trees.Calculate the age of the artefact. 5.The decomposition of NH3 on Platinum surface is zero order reaction.What would be the rates of production of N2 and H2 if k= 2.5 x 10-4 mol-1 L s-1 ? 6.A reaction is 50% complete in 2 hours and 75% complete in 4 hours.What is the order of the reaction ? 7.What do you mean by a photochemical reaction ? Give one example. 8. Explain Photosensitization with one example. 9. The rate of a particular reaction doubles when temperature changes from 270C to 370C.Calculate the energy of activation for such a reaction.(R= 8.314 J K-1 mol-1) 10. The rate constant for the first order decomposition of H2O2 is given by the following equation : log k = 14.34 – 1.25 x 104 K/T. Calculate Ea for this reaction and at what temperature will its half period be 256 mins ? 11. A reaction is second order with respect to a reactant.How is the rate of reaction affected if the concentration reactant is – I) Doubled ii) reduced to half. Choice is given in numericals from this chapter. Numericals from this chapter given in board exams are from textbook itself till now. UNIT 5 – SURFACE CHEMISTRY FOCUS POINTS Physisorption Vs Chemisorption;Adsorption isotherm;Examples of Heterogeneous and Homogenous catalysis;Purification and properties of colloidal solutions. 1. Why is sky blue in colour ? 2. Define the terms Aerosol and Hydrosol. 3. What is Coagulation process ? 4. What are Lyophilic and Lyophobic sols ? Give one example of each type.Which one of these two types of sols is easily coagulated and Why ? 5. Describe Electrophoresis briefly. 6. Which has a higher enthalpy of Adsorption-Physisorption or Chemisorption. http://www.cbseguess.com/-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------www.cbseguess.com Other Educational Portals www.icseguess.com | www.ignouguess.com | www.dulife.com | www.magicsense.com 7. Why does Physisorption decrease with increase of temperature? 8. In Chemisorption why x/m initially increase and then decrease with rise in temperature? 9. What are Emulsifiers? 10. What is the difference between a Colloidal solution and an Emulsion? Give one example of each. 11. Distinguish between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis. What role does Adsorption play in Heterogeneous Catalysis? 12. Distinguish between Micelles and Colloidal particles. Give one example of each. 13. Differenciate between Multimolecular and Macromolecular Colloids. Give one example of each. 14. How are Associated colloids different from these two types of colloids? 15. What is meant by adsorption isotherm? What is the effect of pressure on physical adsorption? UNIT 6 – GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS FOCUS POINTS Method of concentration in brief; Thermodynamic principles of metallurgy;Extraction of Fe,Al and Cu; Principles of Zone refining,liquation,vapour phase refining and chromatography. 1. What is the role of NaCN in Froth floatation process ? 2. What is the basis of selection of process for concentration of ore ? 3. Why is Copper matte put in Silica lined converter ? 4. Name two ores of each – Al,Fe,Cu & Zn. 5. Why is Zinc not extracted from Zinc oxide through reduction with CO ? 6. Name the method used for refining Nickel and Zirconium. 7. Explain Electrochemical principle of Metallurgy. 8. How is leaching of low grade copper ores carried out ? 9. What chemical principle is principle is involved in choosing a reducing agent for getting the metal from its oxide ore? Consider the metal oxides Al2O3 and Fe2O3 and justify the choice of reducing agent in each case. 10. How is Nickel refined? UNIT 7 – THE p-BLOCK ELEMENTS FOCUS POINTS Preparation of N2,NH3,PH3,HNO3,H2SO4 and Cl2; Drawing Structures of Oxoacids of P,S,Cl and Xe-F compounds( Practice thoroughly by drawing ),Reasoning questions. 1. Why is the bond angle in PH3 molecule lesser than that in NH3 molecule. 2. N2 is a gas while P4 is a solid. 3. Why does PCl3 fume in moist air? 4. What is „Super Halogen‟? Why is it called so? Write equation what happens when it reacts with a cold dilute solution of sodium hydroxide. 5. N2 molecule is chemically inert while White Phosphorus is more reactive. 6. PCl5 is more covalent than PCl3. 7. HNH bond angle in NH3 is less than the tetrahedral bond angle of 109.50 8. H3PO2 is a stronger reducing agent than H3PO3. 9. All Halogens are coloured. http://www.cbseguess.com/-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------www.cbseguess.com Other Educational Portals www.icseguess.com | www.ignouguess.com | www.dulife.com | www.magicsense.com 10. Oxygen and Chlorine have similar electronegativity.Oxygen forms hydrogen bonding but not Chlorine. 11. HF has highest boiling point while HCl has lowest boiling point among hydrogen halides. 12. HF is a liquid while other hydrogen halides are gases. 13. Interhalogen compounds are more reactive than halogens from which they are formed. 14. Xenon forms noble gas compounds. 15. Fluorine forms fluoride of oxygen while other halogens form oxides of halogen. 16. Fluorine forms only one Oxo acid. 17. SF6 is resistant to hydrolysis. 18. Draw the structures of P4O10,XeOF4,Hypobromous acid,IF7,ClF5,Chlorous acid and Chloric acid. UNIT 8 -THE d-and f-BLOCK ELEMENTS FOCUS POINTS Lanthanoid contraction; Reasons for formation of coloured ions and complex compounds;Preparation and Properties of KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 ,Chemical reactions of the Lanthanoids. 1. What is mischmetal? Mention two of its uses. 2. Why do transition metals have higher I.E than s-block elements? 3. Why do transition metal ions have high enthalpy of hydration? 4. Why is K2Cr2O7 generally preferred over Na2Cr2O7 in volumetric analysis? 5. What is meant by „disproportionation‟ of an oxidation state? Give an example. 6. How many unpaired electrons are present in Fe2+ ion? How does it effect its magnetic behaviour? 7. Describe the preparation of Potassium dichromate from Iron chromite ore. What is the effect of increasing pH on a solution of Potassium dichromate? 8. Which is the last element in the series of Actinoids? Write the possible oxidation state of this element. 9. Describe the general trends in the following properties of the first series of the Transitin elements -i) Stability of +2 Oxidation state ii) Formation of Oxometal ions 10. Why is the Enthalpy of atomization of Zinc lowest in its series? 11. Which is a stronger reducing agent Cr2+ or Fe2+? Why? 12. Explain why Cu+ is not stable in aqueous solution. UNIT 9 – COORDINATION COMPOUNDS FOCUS POINTS Naming Coordination compounds;Valence Bond Theory; Magnetic properties of Coordination compounds. 1. Write the IUPAC names of following Coordination compounds: i) [Pt(NH3)Cl(NO2)] ii) K3[Cr(C2O4)3] iii)[Co(NH3)6]Cl3 iv) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)2]Cl3 v) [Cu(NH3)4][PtCl4] 2. What are double salts? Give an example. 3. Differenciate between Didentate and Ambidentate ligands. 4.What are chelating ligands? 5. In the complex [SbF5]2-, sp3d hybridization is present. What would be the geometry of the complex? 6. Explain the hybridization and geometry of [Co(NH3)6]3+ .Is it a low spin or high spin complex? Why? 7. Explain Crystal field splitting. http://www.cbseguess.com/-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------www.cbseguess.com Other Educational Portals www.icseguess.com | www.ignouguess.com | www.dulife.com | www.magicsense.com 8. What is the Spectrochemical series ? What is the basis of its arrangement ? 9. [Ni(CN4)]2-has square planar geometry and is diamagnetic whereas [Ni(Cl4)]2-has tetrahedral geometry and is paramagnetic.Explain these characteristics on the basis of hybridization of orbitals. [At no. of Ni =28] 10. Give the no. of unpaired electrons in the following complex ions : [FeF6]4-and [Fe(CN)6]4-11. Using Valence Bond Theory compare the structure and magnetic behaviour of [Ni(CO)4] & [Ni(CN4)]2-IMPORTANT NAME REACTIONS 1. Carbylamine reaction ( Aliphatic & Aromatic 10 amine to isocyanide in the presence of CHCl3 + NaOH ) 2. Gabriel phthalimide synthesis ( Phthalimide to Primary amine) 3. Hofmann bromamide reaction ( Amide to Primary amine with Bromine + NaOH ) 4. Aldol Condensation ( Aldehydes & Ketones having α-Hydrogen to β-Hydroxy Aldehydes or β-Hydroxy Ketones ) 5. Cannizzaro reaction (Aldehydes not having α-Hydrogen to Alcohol & Carboxylic acid salt ) 6. Decarboxylation reaction (Salt of Carboxylic acid to Alkane by removal of CO2) 7. Diazotization reaction (Primary aromatic amine to Diazonium salt) 8. Coupling reaction ( Diazonium salt to p-Hydroxy azo benzene ) 9. Clemmensen reduction ( Aldehyde/Ketone to Alkene ) 10. HVZ reaction ( Carboxylic acid to Halo-Carboxylic acid ) 11. Rosenmund reduction ( Benzoyl chloride to Benzaldehyde ) 12. Williamson synthesis ( Alkyl halide to Symm/Unsymm Ethers ) 13. Reimer Tiemann reaction (Phenol to Salicyaldehyde in the presence of CHCl3 + NaOH ) 14. Sandmayer’s reaction (Aniline to Benzene diazonium halide to Aryl halide + N2 ) 15. Wurtz – Fittig reaction ( Alkyl halide + Arylhalide to Alkylarene in the presence of Na in dryether) 16. Fittig reaction ( Halobenzene to Diphenyl in the presence of Na in dry ether ) 17. Gatterman reaction (Diazonium salt to Aryl halide ) 18. Gatterman -Koch reaction ( Benzene to Benzaldehyde in the presence of CO/HCl,anhyd.AlCl3 ) UNIT 10 – HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES FOCUS POINTS IUPAC naming ,SN1 & SN2 reaction mechanism,which compounds undergo faster,Electrophilic substitution reaction. 1. Why are Haloalkanes more reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions than Haloarenes? 2. Why is Chloroform stored in dark coloured bottles? Why is it banned as an anaesthetic in surgery nowadays? 3. Why are Freons harmful for the atmosphere? 4. Why is Sulphuric acid not used during the reactions of Alcohols with KI? 5. Complete the following rxns – i) CH3CH2CH2Cl + NaI-----Acetone,heat--- ii) CH3CH2CH=CH2 + HBr ------Peroxide---- http://www.cbseguess.com/-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------www.cbseguess.com Other Educational Portals www.icseguess.com | www.ignouguess.com | www.dulife.com | www.magicsense.com iii) CH3CH2Br + KCN -------Aq.Ethanol---- 6. How will you bring about the following conversions : i) Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol ii) Toluene to Benzyl alcohol iii) Ethanol to Propanenitrile iv) Benzene to 4-bromenitrobenzene v) Ethyl chloride to Propanoic acid 7. Out of C6H5CH2Cl and C6H5CHClC6H5,which is more easily hydrolysed by aqueous KOH. 8. What are Enantiomers? Give example. 9. What is meant by Racemic mixture? 10. p-dichlorobenzene has higher M.P and solubility than those of o-and m-isomers.Discuss. UNIT 11 – ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS FOCUS POINTS IUPAC naming,Preparation of Alcohols and Phenols, Comparison of acidity of Alcohols Vs Phenols,Electrophilic aromatic substitution,Conversion-Phenol to Ether,Aspirin and its preparation;Picric acid;Electrophilic substitution in Ethers. 1. Why do Phenols not give protonation reactions readily? 2. How can Iodoform be prepared from Ethanol? 3. What is Lucas reagent? Where is it used? 4. Ortho-and para-nitrophenols are more acidic than Phenols. 5. Distinguish chemically between the following -i) Phenol and Methanol ii) Ethanol and 1,1-dimethylethanol 6. Name the reagents used in the following reactions : i) Oxidation of a primary alcohol tocarboxylic acid ii) Dehydration of Propan-2-ol to Propene iii) Butan-2-one to Butan-2-ol 7. How will you bring about the following conversions – i) Benzyl chloride to Benzyl alcohol ii) Ethyl magnesium bromide to Propan-1-ol 8. How will you account for the following : i) Phenol has higher B.P than Toluene ii) Phenols are more acidic than alcohols iii) The B.P of ethers is much lower than those of alcohols of comparable molar masses. iv) m-aminophenol is a stronger acid than o-aminophenol 9. How will you convert Phenol to i) Aspirin ii)Picric acid 10. What are the limitations of Williamson‟s synthesis for the preparation of certain types of Ethers ? UNIT 12 – ALDEHYDES,KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS FOCUS POINTS All reactions in preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones ; Nucleophilic addition reaction-Cyanohydrin, Acetal,Ketal; Distinguishing tests between aldehydes and ketones,Preparation of Carboxylic acids. 1.How will you bring about the following conversions – i) Bromobenzene to Benzoic acid ii) Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone iii) Styrene(Phenylethene) to Benzoic acid iv) Benzoic acid to Phthalimide v) Toluene to Benzoic acid vi) Benzoyl chloride to Benzaldehyde 2. Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds-http://www.cbseguess.com/-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------www.cbseguess.com Other Educational Portals www.icseguess.com | www.ignouguess.com | www.dulife.com | www.magicsense.com i) Ethanal and Propanal ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid 3. How will you bring the following conversions in not more than two steps -i) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde ii) Bromobenzene to 1-phenylethanol 4. How is Acetone obtained from Ethanol ? 5. What happens when (write equations) : i) Acetophenone is heated with K2Cr2O7 and conc.H2SO4 ii) Propanal is treated with PCl5 6. Illustrate the following name reactions – Aldol condensation,Cannizzaro reaction and Clemmensen reduction 7. Draw the structures of : 3-Oxopentanal,4-chloropentan-2-one,4-methylpent-3-en-2-one. 8. Identify A to E in the following series of reactions : A –[O] B –Ca(OH)2 C ---Distil,-CaCO3 -- D –LiAlH4,2[H] - E ----HBr -CH3CHBrCH3 UNIT 13 – AMINES FOCUS POINTS Basic strength of Amines and comparison between given compounds,Aliphatic amines are more basic than aromatic amines,Electrophilic substitution,Azo dyes. 1.Accomplish the following conversions – i) Aniline to Benzyl alcohol ii) Benzoic acid to Aniline iii) Benzamide to Toluene iv) Ethanamine to Methanamine 2. Give reasons for the following – i) Silver chloride dissolves in Methylamine solution ii) Aromatic amines are less basic than Aliphatic amines. 3. Write chemical reaction for the reduction of Nitroethane by LiAlH4. 4. Give one chemical test to distinguish between CH3CH2NH2 & CH3NHCH3. 5.Write chemical reaction of anilinewith benzoyl chloride and write the name of the product obtained. 6.Arrange the following in increasing order of basic strength : C6H5NH2, C6H5N(CH3)2, (C2H5)2NH and CH3NH2. 7.Give the structures of A,B and C in the following reactions : i) C6H5NO2 ---Fe/HCl A ---NaNO2 + HCl,273 K - B ---H2O/H+,Δ - C ii) C6H5NO2 ---Fe/HCl A ---HNO2,273 K - B ---C6H5OH - C 8. Why cannot aromatic primary amines be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis ? 9. Complete the following reactions : i) Benzene diazonium chloride + Ethanol ii) Aniline + conc.H2SO4 10.Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.Why ? UNIT 14 – BIOMOLECULES FOCUS POINTS Chemical reactions of Glucose;Chemical tests to show presence of –CHO and –OH groups in sugars;Examples of Disaccharides and Polysaccharides;Peptide and Glycosidic linkage;Nucleoside,Nucleotide and their structure;Bases of DNA & RNA 1.What happens when D-Glucose is treated with the following reagents (Write eqns)– http://www.cbseguess.com/-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------www.cbseguess.com Other Educational Portals www.icseguess.com | www.ignouguess.com | www.dulife.com | www.magicsense.com i) HI ii) Bromine water iii) HNO3 2. List the reactions of Glucose which cannot be explained by open chain structure. 3. Write two main functions of Carbohydrates in Plants. 4. What are Vitamins ? How are they classified ? 5. Mention the chief sources of Vitamin A and C. 6. Name the diseases caused due to lack of any three vitamins. 7. What are essential and non-essential amino-acids ? Give one example of each type. 8. Explain what is meant by-i) Peptide linkage ii) Glycosidic linkage 9. Name two water soluble vitamins,their sources and the diseases caused due to their deficiency in diet. 10. Name two fat soluble vitamins,their sources and the diseases caused due to their deficiency in diet. 11. Name the four bases present in DNA.Which one of these is not present in RNA ? 12. Define the following terms in relation to Protiens – i) Primary structure ii) Denaturation 13. Why are Carbohydrates generally optically active ? 14. Name the products obtained on complete hydrolysis of DNA.Write the structural differences between DNA and RNA. 15. Explain the amphoteric behaviour of amino acids. UNIT 15 – POLYMERS FOCUS POINTS Examples of different types of polymers;Writing monomers of different polymers;Nylon-6,6,Nylon-6, Bakelite,Melamine,Neoprene,Buna-S and Buna-N;PHBV 1. Draw the structures of monomers of following polymers – Teflon,Polythene,Buna-S,Neoprene, Nylon-66,Nylon-6,PVC and PMMA. 2. Distinguish between Homopolymers and Copolymers and give examples. 3. What are thermosetting and Thermoplastic polymers ? Give examples. 4. What is the difference between Nylon-6,Nylon-6,6 ? 5. What is Step growth polymerization ?Explain the steps involved in this process. 6. What is the difference between Elastomers and Fibres ? Give one example of each. 7. What does the part 6,6 mean in Nylon-6,6 ? 8. Differenciate between Condensation and Addition Polymerisation ? Give one example each of resulting polymers. 9. What are Natural and Synthetic polymers ? 10. How does Vulcanisation change the character of Natural Rubber ? 11. What are Elastomers ? Give the chemical equation for the preparation of Buna-S. 12. What are Biodegradable Polymers ? Give two examples. 13. Write the equations for the synthesis of – i) Neoprene ii) Glyptal Which one of the two is a condensation polymer ? 14. What is PTFE ? Write its popular name. 15. Distinguish between Novolac and Bakelite on the basis of structure. http://www.cbseguess.com/-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------www.cbseguess.com Other Educational Portals www.icseguess.com | www.ignouguess.com | www.dulife.com | www.magicsense.com UNIT 16 – CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE FOCUS POINTS Importance of drugs like Ranitidine(Zantac),Aspirin,Soframycin,Norethindrone,Salvarsan and Sulpha drugs; Artificial sweetening agents;Cationic and Anionic detergents. 1.How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants ? Give one example of each. 2. What are the following substances ? Give one example of each – i) Antacid ii) Non-ionic detergents Iii) Food preservatives iv) Tranquilizers v) Cationic detergents 3. What are Biodegradable and non-biodegradable detergents ? Give one example of each. 4. What is meant by the term “Broad spectrum antibiotics” ? 5. Mention one use each of the following drugs – i) Ranitidine ii) Paracetamol iii) Tincture of Iodine iv) Tetracycline v) Penicillin vi) Salvarsan 6. Discuss the two ways in which drugs prevent attachment of natural substrate on active site of an enzyme. 7. What are Antihistamines ? How do they act ? Give one example. 8. Give the structures of Aspirin and Paracetamol. 9. Account for the following : i) Aspirin helps in the prevention of heart attack. ii) Diabetic patients are advised to take artificial sweeteners instead of natural sweeteners. 10. Why is Ethanol added to soap ? 11. Why is Biothional added to toilet soap ? 12. Give one example of each – i) Analgesic ii) Anti-inflammatory 13. What is the function of histamines in our body? NOTE: 1.Read NCERT textbook thoroughly. 2.Go through all NCERT textbook exercise and intext questions as well. 3.Refer Class notes for understanding and details. 4. Practice by writing. 5. Recall and Revise repeatedly. 6. While answering in the exam – Write neatly;Organize your answer and write in points;give examples; leave space between two answers;write answer no. clear and correct;Don‟t waste time; Don‟t Panic;Don‟t bother what others are doing;You give your BEST…… Paper Submitted by: Tasneem Kausar Email : tasneemkausarkhan@rediffmail.com Ph No.: 09993848342