MAPS : MAPS
What is a Map? : What is a Map? Pictorial Representation
Part or whole of the earth’s surface
Drawn to scale
On a flat sheet of paper
Elements of a map : Elements of a map Title
Scale
Grid
Direction
Key
Title : Title Represents
Name of the region depicted
Theme of the map
Example
INDIA (Name of region)
PHYSICAL (Theme of the map)
Scale : Scale Ratio
Distance between two places on map
Distance between same two places on ground
Can be expressed as
Statement (2 cm = 1 km OR 2 cm to 1 km)
Representative Fraction (1:50000)
Linear Scale
Understanding Scale : Understanding Scale Scale
Distance between two places on map (a)
Distance between the same two places on ground (b)
Statement to R.F. : Statement to R.F. If a = 2 cm; b = 1 km
Scale = 2cm / 1 km OR
2 cm / 1 X 1000 X 100 cm OR
1 cm / 50000 cm OR
1 : 50000
Large Scale Maps v/s Small Scale Maps : Large Scale Maps v/s Small Scale Maps
Grid : Grid Set of
Vertical lines
Horizontal lines
Examples
Latitudes & Longitudes
Northings & Eastings
Used to locate places
Draw an area to proportion on map
Could be used to determine area
Direction : Direction Angular distance
From observer’s position
To any place on map
With respect to NORTH (Position of Pole Star)
Can be expressed as
Conventions (N, S, E, W, etc.)
Bearing OR Azimuth (Angle)
Direction : Direction Angle NOP is the direction
Can be expressed as
45°
(0 to 360; clockwise)
OR
NE O P N
Slide 12 : NNE
Key or Legend : Key or Legend Set of
Colours
Symbols
Shading patterns
Used to depict ground features on the map
How is a Topographical Map different? : How is a Topographical Map different?
Features of Topographical Maps : Features of Topographical Maps Height (and it distribution) is shown using contours
Helps one to visualise the pattern of unevenness (topography) of the land
Features of Topographical Maps : Features of Topographical Maps Large scale map
Details are included
Covers a smaller area
Could be used for a number of purposes
Millitary
Building bridges, roads, railways, dams, canals, etc
Research (geology, botany, etc.)
Slide 17 :
Slide 18 :
Showing Topography using hachures + contours : Showing Topography using hachures + contours
Title of Topographical Maps : Title of Topographical Maps 45 D/7
45 D/10
67 F/9
Does it make sense?
Slide 21 : Title of a Topographical Map
Slide 22 : Title of a Topographical Map
Slide 23 : Title of a Topographical Map
Topographical Maps in ICSE syllabus : Topographical Maps in ICSE syllabus