First Aid

BASIC FIRST AID : BASIC FIRST AID

First Aid? : First Aid? Is the immediate assistance or treatment given to someone before the arrival of medical staff/ ambulance

First Aid? : First Aid? Qualities of a first aide: ~ Calm ~ Confident ~ Willing to offer assistance whenever necessary ~ Patience

First A : First A Essential to protect yourself from injury and infection Ensure surroundings are safe Protection from infection - to prevent “cross infection” ( transmitting germs to a casualty or contracting an infection yourself) - wear gloves or wash hands before doing a dressing. Protecting yourself as a first aide

Aims of a first aide: : Aims of a first aide: 3 Ps: 3Ps Preserve life Prevent injuries/condition from worsening Promote recovery

Preserving life: : Preserving life: Control bleeding Treat probable cause of shock Maintain airway in correct position Perform CPR when needed (no breathing or pulse)

Prevent condition from worsening: : 3 Ps: 3Ps 3 Ps: 3Ps 3 Ps: 3Ps Dress wound to prevent infection Provide comfort to casualty Place casualty in a comfortable position Prevent condition from worsening:

Promote recovery: : Relieve casualty from anxiety Encourage confidence and trust Attempt to relieve pain and discomfort Handle casualty gently Protect casualty from cold and wet Promote recovery:

Slide 9 : Ambulance: Police number: Fire Brigade: Emergency Hotlines 999 998 997

Dubai Ambulance Centre : Dubai Ambulance Centre Emergency First Aid and CPR

This presentation is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care or the Basic Life Support Training - First Aid and CPR. All employees must meet the training requirements set forth from Dubai Ambulance Centre. : This presentation is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care or the Basic Life Support Training - First Aid and CPR. All employees must meet the training requirements set forth from Dubai Ambulance Centre. NOTICE

EMERGENCY FIRST AID : EMERGENCY FIRST AID If you are the first on the scene of accident that results in an injury or serious illness, you may be the only link between a victim and emergency medical care. Your role is to take action, whether by providing first aid, seeking medical help or calling 999. Your actions may improve the victims chance of recovery. The following slides will provide specific information from The American Safety & Health Institute (ASHI) on basic first aid procedures.

BLEEDING : BLEEDING Apply direct pressure to the wound (at this time a direct pressure bandage may be used) Elevate (do not further harm) Pressure Point additional pressure may be applied to a pressure point to help reduce bleeding.

FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINSI-C-E : FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINSI-C-E I - Ice, apply a cold pack. Do not apply ice directly to skin. C - Compress, use an elastic or conforming wrap - not too tight. E - Elevate, above heart level to control internal bleeding.

CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURESI-A-C-T : CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURESI-A-C-T I - Immobilize area. Use pillows, jackets, blankets, etc. Stop any movement by supporting injured area. A - Activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS), call 999. C - Care for shock. See “Care for Shock” slide. T - Treat any additional secondary injuries.

POISONING : POISONING Assess the scene for clues and safety. Get victim away from poison if necessary. Provide care for any life threatening conditions. Check Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Notify medical staff or on-call Doctor. Call the Poison Control Center and 999 when necessary.

Heat Exhaustion & Heatstroke : Heat Exhaustion & Heatstroke Seek emergency medical assistance immediately If casualty is unconscious, place them in the recovery position Remove most of the casualties clothing and sponge down the body with a cool and wet cloth Ice packs to the head, neck, armpits, and groin to reduce the casualties temperature. Provide them with cool water to sip if conscious and able.

Slide 18 : Burns and Scalds

Burns and scalds : Causes: burns – dry heat - fire - hot objects - electricity scalds – wet heat - hot liquids - steam Burns and scalds

Burns and scalds : Burns and scalds What you will see: redness swelling blisters charred skin.

Burns and scalds : remove any jewellery apply a sterile dressing or cling film treat the casualty for shock if necessary seek medical help if necessary. Cold running water 10 minutes minimum. Burns and scalds What you should do:

Burns and scalds : Burns and scalds

Slide 23 :

Slide 24 :

Slide 25 :

Hypothermia : Hypothermia Warm affected areas (warm water) only as long as there is no possibility of refreezing Remove affected areas from water when return to normal color Do not rub frostbite or warm with direct heat (fires) Place gauze between the frostbite fingers or toes, and bandage the affected areas loosely Seek medical help.

Slide 27 :

Slide 28 : Some of the more common symptoms or problems that one might experience due to allergies include: Runny nose Burning, watery eyes Sinus congestion Postnasal drip Sore throat Skin rash (Nutritional Programs for Allergies, E.M. Haas, M.D., www.healthy.net/templates/article.asp.) Ear infections Chest congestion Coughing Headaches Fatigue Asthma Runny nose Burning, watery eyes Sinus congestion Postnasal drip Sore throat Skin rash

Slide 29 : There are approaches to handling allergy problems. The first is to avoid contact with substances that you are allergic to, if you know what they are.

Slide 30 : When you are exposed to an allergen (something that you are allergic to), one of the symptoms is an increase in heart rate. (Allergy Testing with the Caveman Diet & Pulse Test, P. Bate, PhD, www.alternate-health.com/pulse.)

Slide 31 : The way to do this test is to take your pulse, at rest, for one minute. That is your “base” pulse. (Allergy Testing with the Caveman Diet & Pulse Test, P. Bate, PhD, www.alternate-health.com/pulse.)

Slide 32 : When you eat a food that is suspect or are exposed to a substance that is suspect, check your pulse again in 15, 30 and 60 minutes. If your heart rate accelerates more than 10 beats per minute over your base pulse, it indicates that you may be allergic to that particular substance. (Allergy Testing with the Caveman Diet & Pulse Test, P. Bate, PhD, www.alternate-health.com/pulse.)

Slide 33 : Another method for handling allergy problems is to take medications to suppress your allergy symptoms.

Slide 34 : Bites and Stings

Bee, Wasps, Scorpion & Ant Stings : Bee, Wasps, Scorpion & Ant Stings Remove the sting by scraping sideways using blunt knife or edge of card. Place icepack on affected area to reduce pain. Apply pressure immobilisation and seek urgent medical help.

Fish Spine (Stonefish, Stingray) : Fish Spine (Stonefish, Stingray) Control severe bleeding Immerse wound in hot water around 45° to reduce pain for around 30-39 minutes. Repeat if need be. Apply ice pack if hot water doesn’t relieve pain. Treat for shock Clean wound by scrubbing with soap Apply local antiseptics Get medical advice.

Common Sea Creatures (Jellyfish and fish) : Common Sea Creatures (Jellyfish and fish) Immobilise and reassure casualty and monitor closely. Do not rub sting area If casualties breathing or conscious is impaired, pains develop or if sting area increases, seek urgent medical help. Apply cold pack to reduce pain. Don’t wash sting area with water - Pour vinegar over sting area.

CARE FOR SHOCK : CARE FOR SHOCK Keep the victim laying down (if possible). Elevate legs 10-12 inches… unless you suspect a spinal injury or broken bones. Cover the victim to maintain body temperature. Provide the victim with plenty of fresh air. If victim begins to vomit - place them on their left side. Call 999.

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION CPR ABC’s : CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION CPR ABC’s AIRWAY - Open the airway with the tilt-chin method. Breath - give two breaths. Check circulation. If there is no pulse or breathing…..(next slide)

CPR Continued : CPR Continued … Perform chest compressions. 30 compressions and two breaths. Count = 1&2&3&4&5…&30 Call 999.

RESCUE BREATHING : RESCUE BREATHING 1 breath every 5 seconds - 12 per minute. Compressions : ventilations = 30:2

REMEMBER!!!UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS: : REMEMBER!!!UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS: The routine use of appropriate barrier precautions to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposure when contact with blood or other body fluids of any individual may occur or is anticipated. Universal Precautions apply to blood and to all other body fluids with potential for spreading any infections.

THE ENDDivision of Youth CorrectionsOffice of Quality Assurance : THE ENDDivision of Youth CorrectionsOffice of Quality Assurance